If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.
javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".
Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website
UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"
You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.
We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.
The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.
IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.
If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.
I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.
As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE
You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).
Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.
I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.
You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.
Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.
Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/
Related
If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.
javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".
Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website
UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"
You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.
We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.
The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.
IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.
If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.
I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.
As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE
You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).
Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.
I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.
You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.
Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.
Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/
If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.
javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".
Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website
UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"
You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.
We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.
The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.
IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.
If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.
I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.
As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE
You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).
Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.
I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.
You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.
Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.
Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/
I want to run a java program as an exe in Windows. The windows box doesn't install java at all...
So, is there any other way in which the java program can be converted to an exe which removes the need for a dependency on the JRE?
You can use Excelsior JET compiler for that purpose.
See http://www.excelsiorjet.com/ for more information on this.
You can ship the JRE with your application and use that JRE for your application. The effect is the same: The application will be started through an executable (wrapper needed) or script (batch) file and the target machine does not need to have a java runtime installed.
Java doesn't have to be 'installed', it just has to be 'present'.
For the application to run you will need the runtime. In fact the very first thing that happens when you start the app is a call is a made to OS to start JRE. You cannot do without JRE.
[You can of course embded JRE into your app itself if you want].
I have used JSmooth to exify my application. It also allows for embedding a JRE inside. I just used the "ensure that at least Java X is available".
GPL, can be run as an ant task.
Well given the fact, that you are requesting an executable file (exe) in Windows, there is another approach:
Use IKVM.NET - Bytecode Compiler which converts Java bytecode to .NET dll's and exe's.
Get the latest version of IKVM.NET here.
Use this command
ikvmc -target:exe -out:foo.exe yourJarFile.jar
to create your .NET executable file.
After this, you can use your exe with the mandatory IKVM dll's or if you prefer one exe file, you can use ILMerge in order to get a single executable file:
ILMerge.exe /target:winexe /targetplatform:"v4,C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.6.1" /out:C:\foo\bar.exe foo.exe <IKVM dll's>.dll
If you are using JDK 9 and above then you can use jlink. It will include all the necessary modules, header files, security policy files, etc, and build a minimal runtime image. This image can be shipped directly to the customer. You can specify your own launcher and what not.
jlink description:
You can use the jlink tool to assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom runtime image.
Read more at oracle docs: Java Platform, Standard Edition Tools Reference.
GCJ can create native code from Java source files. Here's a tutorial on how to build it in Windows.
Have you tried install4j? There are various versions, some free, of this concept. Basically, this application compiles your application into an executable installer, specific to the OS of your choice.
Easiest way to do this task is to use the launch4j for the windows exe wrapper and then use inno setup to create the installer. When you are creating the installer for the you application add the folder under the other application files. Make sure jre is inside the folder.
Work done!!!
I know this question has been asked many a times and all the time there is an answer which says about using an executable jar or making an .exe using launch4j or similar app.
I may sound like a novice, which I actually am.
I have been trying a few things with a Java project. I have successfully made an executable jar and also an .exe file from it. All thanks to your previous answers in SO :)
But, I want to create a installer for Windows. Like, pressing Next for 2 - 3 times(which shows all the terms and conditions etc), then a user specify a location(like C:\Program Files\New Folder\My App), then my .exe, lib folder, img folder, other important folders get pasted in the destination folder along with the .exe file and then a shortcut is created on a desktop.
Any pointers to how can I achieve this ?
I have been using InnoSetup for a long time. It has always worked very well. It can do everything you need (unpack files, put shortcuts on desktop, start menu etc) and generates installers that we are used to.
If you want free and open source, you could take a look IzPack. We use this at work for its command line support in our builder.
You could also take a look install4j which is a commercial product we've trialed on and off before (but when it comes to spending money, you tend to want to know you're getting what you want ;))
If you are on JDK 13 or above, you can package any Java program along with its runtime by using the default packaging tool in the JDK called jpackage.
jpackage can create installers for Linux, Mac and Windows operating system.
You can create a specific runtime by using jlink.
jpackage needs some 3rd party free software for creating Windows bundles:
* To create .exe bundle, it uses Wix
* To create .msi bundle, it uses Inno
Wix is now the only dependency to create both exe and msi bundles.
All the details about jpackage can be found at JEP 343: Packaging Tool.
Edit: I'll leave this here for reference, but note: The Java plug-in needed to launch JWS and applets was removed by browser manufacturers, and both were deprecated in Java 9 and removed from the API.
Use Java Web Start.
Like, pressing Next for 2 - 3 times (which shows all the terms and conditions etc)
The ExtensionInstallerService of the JNLP API provides this. Here is a demo. of the installer service.
..then a user specify a location(like C:\Program Files\New Folder\My App), ..
The ExtensionInstallerService provides a method getInstallPath() which..
Returns the directory where the installer is recommended to install the extension in. It is not required that the installer install in this directory, this is merely a suggested path.
That is not quite the same as what you are asking, but then I think it is generally a bad idea to allow the user that level of control.
then my .exe, lib folder, img folder, other important folders get pasted in the destination folder along with the .exe file ..
JWS installs the resources mentioned in the JNLP automatically, as and when they are needed. Further, it updates the resources if the archives on the server change.
and then a shortcut is created on a desktop.
JWS can supply desktop shortcuts and menu items on supported systems.
E.G.
From How to run Java programs by clicking on their icon on Windows?
This answer, which shows a JWS app. installed in 'Programs and Features', with the desktop icon to the left of it.
I was in the same situation a few months ago. After trying out a lot. I suggest NSIS. There is a nice plug-in for Eclipse EclipseNSIS with some templates. It helps a lot to get a basic installer with just some easy clicks. If the resulting code is not sufficient you can do the rest work by coding, but most of the code is generated by EclipseNSIS.
You can also use Advanced Installer. Since you already have an EXE to launch your JAR, you don't need to use the Java Launcher support from Advanced Installer, you can create a Simple project, which is available in the free edition, so you don't need to purchase a license.
It will take you maximum 10 minutes to install it and create the setup package, as you will see it is very easy to learn using it.
use Launch4j to create exe file. you must give the relative path to jre folder.
next use Inno Setup to make setup. You can bundle jre inside the installer.
I've use it and it works like a magic. I can show details.
I wanted to share another project. This project have two part:updating your desktop app and ready installers for mac os, linux, windows. If you want only installer so you can adopt for your needs documentation in this way you should replace starter-core-1.0.jar with your jar
This question already has answers here:
Closed 12 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
How do I create an .exe for a Java program?
I've just made a simple program with Eclipse and I want to compile it into an executable, but simply can't seem to find out how to do it.
You can convert .jar file to .exe on these ways:
(source: viralpatel.net)
1- JSmooth .exe wrapper:
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself. When no VM is available, the wrapper can automatically download and install a suitable JVM, or simply display a message or redirect the user to a web site.
JSmooth provides a variety of wrappers for your java application, each of them having their own behaviour: Choose your flavour!
Download: http://jsmooth.sourceforge.net/
2- JarToExe 1.8
Jar2Exe is a tool to convert jar files into exe files.
Following are the main features as describe in their website:
Can generate “Console”, “Windows GUI”, “Windows Service” three types of exe files.
Generated exe files can add program icons and version information.
Generated exe files can encrypt and protect java programs, no temporary files will be generated when program runs.
Generated exe files provide system tray icon support.
Generated exe files provide record system event log support.
Generated windows service exe files are able to install/uninstall itself, and support service pause/continue.
New release of x64 version, can create 64 bits executives. (May 18, 2008)
Both wizard mode and command line mode supported. (May 18, 2008)
Download: http://www.brothersoft.com/jartoexe-75019.html
3- Executor
Package your Java application as a jar, and Executor will turn the jar into a Windows exe file, indistinguishable from a native application. Simply double-clicking the exe file will invoke the Java Runtime Environment and launch your application.
Download: http://mpowers.net/executor/
EDIT: The above link is broken, but here is the page (with working download) from the Internet Archive. http://web.archive.org/web/20090316092154/http://mpowers.net/executor/
4- Advanced Installer
Advanced Installer lets you create Windows MSI installs in minutes. This also has Windows Vista support and also helps to create MSI packages in other languages.
Download: http://www.advancedinstaller.com/
Let me know other tools that you have used to convert JAR to EXE.
I would use GCJ (GNU Compiler for Java) in your situation. It's an AOT (ahead of time) compiler for Java, much like GCC is for C. Instead of interpreting code, or generating intermediate java code to be run at a later time by the Java VM, it generates machine code.
GCJ is available on almost any Linux system through its respective package manager (if available). After installation, the GCJ compiler should be added to the path so that it can be invoked through the terminal. If you're using Windows, you can download and install GCJ through Cygwin or MinGW.
I would strongly recommend, however, that you rewrite your source for another language that is meant to be compiled, such as C++. Java is meant to be a portable, interpreted language. Compiling it to machine code is completely against what the language was developed for.
I use launch4j
ANT Command:
<target name="jar" depends="compile, buildDLLs, copy">
<jar basedir="${java.bin.dir}" destfile="${build.dir}/Project.jar" manifest="META-INF/MANIFEST.MF" />
</target>
<target name="exe" depends="jar">
<exec executable="cmd" dir="${launch4j.home}">
<arg line="/c launch4jc.exe ${basedir}/${launch4j.dir}/L4J_ProjectConfig.xml" />
</exec>
</target>
I usually use a bat script for that. Here's what I typically use:
#echo off
set d=%~dp0
java -Xmx400m -cp "%d%myapp.jar;%d%libs/mylib.jar" my.main.Class %*
The %~dp0 extract the directory where the .bat is located. This allows the bat to find the locations of the jars without requiring any special environment variables nor the setting of the PATH variable.
EDIT: Added quotes to the classpath. Otherwise, as Joey said, "fun things can happen with spaces"
We have found Jsmooth to be well-working and easily scriptable with ant under Linux. You may want to use one-jar (also easily scriptable with ant under Linux) to collect a multifile application in a single jar first.
We primarily needed the easy deployment of the EXE combined with the "hey, you need Java version X, go here to download" facilities.
(but what you most likely need is the "Runnable jar" / "Executable jar" facility in standard Java).
There is a small handful of programs that do that... TowerJ is one that comes to mind (I'll let you Google for it) but it costs significant money.
The most useful reference for this topic I found is at: http://mindprod.com/jgloss/nativecompiler.html
it mentions a few other products, and alternatives to achieve the same purpose.
The thing you can do is create a .bat that will execute the .jar file created, checking if there is a JRE present.
From Mitch useful link (source)
java -classpath myprogram.jar de.vogella.eclipse.ide.first.MyFirstClass
This can be used into your batch...