Develop Reference

How to create a java executable and installer [duplicate]

If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.

javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".

Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website

UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"

You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.

We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.

The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.

IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.

If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.

I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.

As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE

You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).

Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.

I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.

You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.

Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.

Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/

How to export java project as .exe file in IntelliJ IDEA? [duplicate]

If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.

javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".

Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website

UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"

You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.

We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.

The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.

IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.

If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.

I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.

As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE

You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).

Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.

I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.

You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.

Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.

Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/

Java Project to Executable Application [duplicate]

I want to run a java program as an exe in Windows. The windows box doesn't install java at all...
So, is there any other way in which the java program can be converted to an exe which removes the need for a dependency on the JRE?

You can use Excelsior JET compiler for that purpose.
See http://www.excelsiorjet.com/ for more information on this.

You can ship the JRE with your application and use that JRE for your application. The effect is the same: The application will be started through an executable (wrapper needed) or script (batch) file and the target machine does not need to have a java runtime installed.
Java doesn't have to be 'installed', it just has to be 'present'.

For the application to run you will need the runtime. In fact the very first thing that happens when you start the app is a call is a made to OS to start JRE. You cannot do without JRE.
[You can of course embded JRE into your app itself if you want].

I have used JSmooth to exify my application. It also allows for embedding a JRE inside. I just used the "ensure that at least Java X is available".
GPL, can be run as an ant task.

Well given the fact, that you are requesting an executable file (exe) in Windows, there is another approach:
Use IKVM.NET - Bytecode Compiler which converts Java bytecode to .NET dll's and exe's.
Get the latest version of IKVM.NET here.
Use this command
ikvmc -target:exe -out:foo.exe yourJarFile.jar
to create your .NET executable file.
After this, you can use your exe with the mandatory IKVM dll's or if you prefer one exe file, you can use ILMerge in order to get a single executable file:
ILMerge.exe /target:winexe /targetplatform:"v4,C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.6.1" /out:C:\foo\bar.exe foo.exe <IKVM dll's>.dll

If you are using JDK 9 and above then you can use jlink. It will include all the necessary modules, header files, security policy files, etc, and build a minimal runtime image. This image can be shipped directly to the customer. You can specify your own launcher and what not.
jlink description:
You can use the jlink tool to assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom runtime image.
Read more at oracle docs: Java Platform, Standard Edition Tools Reference.

GCJ can create native code from Java source files. Here's a tutorial on how to build it in Windows.

Have you tried install4j? There are various versions, some free, of this concept. Basically, this application compiles your application into an executable installer, specific to the OS of your choice.

Easiest way to do this task is to use the launch4j for the windows exe wrapper and then use inno setup to create the installer. When you are creating the installer for the you application add the folder under the other application files. Make sure jre is inside the folder.
Work done!!!

How do I write Java code in Windows and compile and run in Linux

I'm a new Java developer and would like to find out if it's possible to write Java code in Windows using Eclipse, and the code is actually compiled and run on Linux. I need to write java program for Linux (Ubuntu) environment, but I'm used to Windows for development.
I'm thinking of using Samba for file sharing, so I can use Windows to access the source code that resides in Ubuntu. But when I compile the code, it actually use Windows JVM, instead of Ubuntu JVM, will that matter? Also when I need to include external JAR libraries that resides in Ubuntu, the path is actually something like E:\home\java\project\abc.jar, where E: drive is a mapped network drive from Samba. so when I ran the program on Ubuntu, there won't be any D: drive anymore.
So I'm a bit confused and wonder if this is possible at all. any help will be really appreciated

Because Java is platform-independent, it won't matter where you compile vs. where you run. So you can compile under Windows and run on Linux with no problem.
You'll need copies of your libraries on the Linux box as well as the Windows box. It doesn't matter where these are, but they need to be referenced via the environment variable CLASSPATH.
So on Windows, your CLASSPATH looks like:
CLASSPATH=d:\jars\abc.jar;d:\jars\def.jar
and on Unix/Linux it will look like:
CLASSPATH=/home/user/lib/abc.jar:/home/user/lib/def.jar
(note the change between colon and semicolon).
Given the above, running
java MyApp.jar
will work on both platforms. Setting the CLASSPATH globally may affect different Java instances, so you may want to set it in a shell-script invoking each program. Or you can specify the CLASSPATH on the command line e.g.
java -cp /home/user/lib/abc.jar:/home/user/lib/def.jar

You should use Eclipse for Development IDE and add dependent jars as relative not full directory link. You can compile on Windows and run on Linux. It does not matter.

When compiling java, it doesn't use the JVM. It simply compiles the java source to bytecode which should be machine independent. You can then run the compiled java bytecode on any machine that can run the JVM. So you shouldn't have any problems from the java perspective.

If you use Eclipse 3.5 please note that there is a new "Export -> Runnable jar" option, which is a subset of the FatJar plugin allowing you to both export as a single jar, and as a traditional executable jar with all dependent jars nicely put in a subdirectory.
We have completely switched to the latter model as it conforms nicely with our ant scripts while being completely devoid of classloader tricks, and other nastyness. Just plain old "java -jar foo/bar.jar".
Strongly recommended, if applicable.

I think it's a bad idea to share the source code using samba (or any shared directory.)
Use a proper version control system for the files. If you are already not using one, you REALLY should. (Suggestion: SVN using the plugin subclipse.)
Check out the projects to your local workspace on Your Windows machine using eclipse.
Remeber that filenames are case sensitive on Linux. Try to use relative filenames.
If you are the only windows developer on a project, you might be up to more troble than it's worth,
but if you are a half-decent developer you will learn Ubuntu in a couple of days anyway.
However, If you are doing your own application, you can compile the code on Windows, package it using for instance FatJar plugin and just execute it on the linux machine.

If, like suggested, you will bundle compiled source in a JAR, then you will take care about the issue at this place.
The JAR file contains a manifest file, which describes the content, the firm, etc. It also contains the classpath, with the path to the external jars you will need. These paths will be relative, for your issue, and won't include the full D:\ something.
If you choose to use Ant to generate your JAR, the "jar" task is the place to define your manifest file.
Example :
<manifest>
<attribute name="Specification-Title" value="Blablabla description"/>
<attribute name="Class-Path" value="${classpath}"/>
</manifest>
In this example, the "classpath" variable can be a fileset which includes all your external jars.
<path id="classpath">
<fileset dir="${project.libdir}" includes="*.jar" />
</path>

Too much trouble. why not use eclipse on ubuntu as well?

How can I convert my Java program to an .exe file?

If I have a Java source file (*.java) or a class file (*.class), how can I convert it to a .exe file?
I also need an installer for my program.

javapackager
The Java Packager tool compiles, packages, and prepares Java and JavaFX applications for distribution. The javapackager command is the command-line version.
– Oracle's documentation
The javapackager utility ships with the JDK. It can generate .exe files with the -native exe flag, among many other things.
WinRun4J
WinRun4j is a java launcher for windows. It is an alternative to javaw.exe and provides the following benefits:
Uses an INI file for specifying classpath, main class, vm args, program args.
Custom executable name that appears in task manager.
Additional JVM args for more flexible memory use.
Built-in icon replacer for custom icon.
[more bullet points follow]
– WinRun4J's webpage
WinRun4J is an open source utility. It has many features.
packr
Packages your JAR, assets and a JVM for distribution on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X, adding a native executable file to make it appear like a native app. Packr is most suitable for GUI applications.
– packr README
packr is another open source tool.
JSmooth
JSmooth is a Java Executable Wrapper. It creates native Windows launchers (standard .exe) for your java applications. It makes java deployment much smoother and user-friendly, as it is able to find any installed Java VM by itself.
– JSmooth's website
JSmooth is open source and has features, but it is very old. The last release was in 2007.
JexePack
JexePack is a command line tool (great for automated scripting) that allows you to package your Java application (class files), optionally along with its resources (like GIF/JPG/TXT/etc), into a single compressed 32-bit Windows EXE, which runs using Sun's Java Runtime Environment. Both console and windowed applications are supported.
– JexePack's website
JexePack is trialware. Payment is required for production use, and exe files created with this tool will display "reminders" without payment. Also, the last release was in 2013.
InstallAnywhere
InstallAnywhere makes it easy for developers to create professional installation software for any platform. With InstallAnywhere, you’ll adapt to industry changes quickly, get to market faster and deliver an engaging customer experience. And know the vulnerability of your project’s OSS components before you ship.
– InstallAnywhere's website
InstallAnywhere is a commercial/enterprise package that generates installers for Java-based programs. It's probably capable of creating .exe files.
Executable JAR files
As an alternative to .exe files, you can create a JAR file that automatically runs when double-clicked, by adding an entry point to the JAR manifest.
For more information
An excellent source of information on this topic is Excelsior's article "Convert Java to EXE – Why, When, When Not and How".
See also the companion article "Best JAR to EXE Conversion Tools, Free and Commercial".

Launch4j
Launch4j is a cross-platform tool for wrapping Java applications distributed as jars in lightweight Windows native executables. The executable can be configured to search for a certain JRE version or use a bundled one, and it's possible to set runtime options, like the initial/max heap size. The wrapper also provides better user experience through an application icon, a native pre-JRE splash screen, a custom process name, and a Java download page in case the appropriate JRE cannot be found.
– Launch4j's website

UPDATE: GCJ is dead. It was officially removed from the GCC project in 2016. Even before that, it was practically abandoned for seven years, and in any case it was never sufficiently complete to serve as a viable alternative Java implementation.
Go find another Java AOT compiler.
GCJ: The GNU Compiler for Java can compile Java source code into native machine code, including Windows executables.
Although not everything in Java is supported under GCJ, especially the GUI components (see
What Java API's are supported? How complete is the support? question from the FAQ). I haven't used GCJ much, but from the limited testing I've done with console applications, it seems fine.
One downside of using GCJ to create an standalone executable is that the size of the resulting EXE can be quite large. One time I compiled a trivial console application in GCJ and the result was an executable about 1 MB. (There may be ways around this that I am not aware of. Another option would be executable compression programs.)
In terms of open-source installers, the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System is a scriptable installer. If you're curious, there are user contributed examples on how to detect the presence of a JRE and install it automatically if the required JRE is not installed. (Just to let you know, I haven't used NSIS before.)
For more information on using NSIS for installing Java applications, please take a look at my response for the question "What's the best way to distribute Java applications?"

You could make a batch file with the following code:
start javaw -jar JarFile.jar
and convert the .bat to an .exe using any .bat to .exe converter.

We're using Install4J to build installers for windows or unix environments.
It's easily customizable up to the point where you want to write scripts for special actions that cannot be done with standard dialogues. But even though we're setting up windows services with it, we're only using standard components.
installer + launcher
windows or unix
scriptable in Java
ant task
lots of customizable standard panels and actions
optionally includes or downloads a JRE
can also launch windows services
multiple languages
I think Launch4J is from the same company (just the launcher - no installer).
PS: sadly i'm not getting paid for this endorsement. I just like that tool.

The latest Java Web Start has been enhanced to allow good offline operation as well as allowing "local installation". It is worth looking into.
EDIT 2018: Java Web Start is no longer bundled with the newest JDK's. Oracle is pushing towards a "deploy your app locally with an enclosed JRE" model instead.

IMHO JSmooth seems to do a pretty good job.

If you need to convert your entire application to native code, i.e. an EXE plus DLLs, there is ExcelsiorJET. I found it works well and provided an alternative to bundling a JRE.
EDIT: This was posted in 2010 - the product is no longer available.

I would say launch4j is the best tool for converting a java source code(.java) to .exe file
You can even bundle a jre with it for distribution and the exe can even be iconified.
Although the size of application increases, it makes sure that the application will work perfectly even if the user does not have a jre installed. It also makes sure that you are able to provide the specific jre required for your app without the user having to install it separately.
But unfortunately, java loses its importance. Its multi platform support is totally ignored and the final app is only supported for windows. But that is not a big deal, if you are catering only to windows users.

As of JDK14, jpackage replaces javapackager mentioned in #Jay answer. The Windows version requires Wix 3.0 and it is fairly straightforward to take a java application and build an installer which provides EXE launcher.
It can also be used with jlink to build a cut-down Java runtime image which is bundled with the installer and only contains the set of modules needed to support your application. The jlink step will also be run implicitly by jpackage if no runtime is specified, but I prefer to make the JRE image separately as it will only change when you update JDK or add new module dependencies to your project.
Example main for Java class:
package exe;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
System.out.println("args["+i+"]="+args[i]);
}
}
}
Here are example steps to build on Windows - obviously you'd set up your local build environment (Maven / ant / etc) to re-produce this:
mkdir jpackage.input\jars tmp
javac -d tmp src\exe\Main.java
pushd tmp && jar cvf ..\jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar . && popd
Check it runs:
java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Create a runtime image with jlink for the set of modules use by your application:
set jlink.modules=java.base
jlink --add-modules %jlink.modules% --strip-debug --no-man-pages --no-header-files --compress=1 --output jpackage.jre
In case there are missing modules above, you should check the jlink JRE runtime image can run your app:
jpackage.jre\bin\java -cp jpackage.input\jars\myapp.jar exe.Main X Y Z
Use jpackage to generate installer, with app version based on date+hour (this saves on need to un-install every re-install) and to print out all system properties - remove the parameter "-XshowSettings:properties" after testing:
set appver=%date:~6,2%.%date:~3,2%.%date:~0,2%%time:~0,2%
jpackage --win-console --input jpackage.input --runtime-image jpackage.jre --app-version %appver% --type exe --name "MyApp" --dest jpackage.dest --java-options "-XshowSettings:properties" --main-jar jars\myapp.jar --main-class exe.Main
Run the installer:
jpackage.dest\MyApp-%appver%.exe
Test the application:
"C:\Program Files\MyApp\MyApp.exe" ONE 2 THREE
... Prints system properties ...
args[0]=ONE
args[1]=2
args[2]=THREE

You can use Janel. This last works as an application launcher or service launcher (available from 4.x).

Alternatively, you can use some java-to-c translator (e.g., JCGO) and compile the generated C files to a native binary (.exe) file for the target platform.

I can be forgiven for being against converting a java program to a .exe Application and I have My reasons. the Major one being that a java program can be compiled to a jar file from A lot of IDE's. When the program is in .jar format, it can run in Multiple Platforms as opposed to .exe which would run Only in very limited Environment. I am for the Idea that Java Programs shoudl not be converted to Exe unless it is very neccesary. One can always write .bat files that runs the Java program while it is a jar file.
if it is really neccesary to convert it to exe, Jar2Exe converter silently does that and one can also attach Libraries that are compiled together with the Main Application.

You can convert jar to exe using jar2exe. However you need to purchase the software. If you need a open source software i would suggest JSmooth.

Cautionary note: Much has changed with packaging and deployment since this question was first asked. Most of the answers given are not even current with JIGSAW (Java 9+).
If the goal is to create OS specific packages, information is provided in Oracle Docs Java 17 Packaging Tool User Guide. This guide includes documentation for the jpackage tool, which allows one to create platform-specific packages for Linux, macOS and Windows. I assume the Windows-specific instructions should include arriving at an .exe file, since that remains the most familiar way for Windows users to install and run applications.
My own personal experience creating an exe (for sale on itch.io) was with the Java Platform, Standard Edition Deployment Guide, which included making use of the tool Inno Setup 5. This documentation is older, is for Java 9. The section directly pertaining to .exe packaging is located here As a first step, I used jlink to make a self-contained package. At the time I was first wrangling with this, I was unable to figure out how to get jpackage to work with my modular program. But now that Jigsaw has been around for several years, jpackage is now likely much easier to use, and would be my first choice for the next Java app I might publish for Windows users.

Java projects are exported as Jar executables. When you wanna do a .exe file of a java project, what you can do is 'convert' the JAR to EXE (i remark that i putted between quotes convert because isn't exactly this).
From intelij you gonna be able to generate only the jar
Try following the next example : https://www.genuinecoder.com/convert-java-jar-to-exe/