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How to break and continue work in nested for loops? [duplicate]

I've got a nested loop construct like this:
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and break...
break; // Breaks out of the inner loop
}
}
}
Now how can I break out of both loops? I've looked at similar questions, but none concerns Java specifically. I couldn't apply these solutions because most used gotos.
I don't want to put the inner loop in a different method.
I don't want to return the loops. When breaking I'm finished with the execution of the loop block.

Like other answerers, I'd definitely prefer to put the loops in a different method, at which point you can just return to stop iterating completely. This answer just shows how the requirements in the question can be met.
You can use break with a label for the outer loop. For example:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
outerloop:
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j=0; j < 5; j++) {
if (i * j > 6) {
System.out.println("Breaking");
break outerloop;
}
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
System.out.println("Done");
}
}
This prints:
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
Breaking
Done

Technically the correct answer is to label the outer loop. In practice if you want to exit at any point inside an inner loop then you would be better off externalizing the code into a method (a static method if needs be) and then call it.
That would pay off for readability.
The code would become something like that:
private static String search(...)
{
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and break...
return search;
}
}
}
return null;
}
Matching the example for the accepted answer:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
loop();
System.out.println("Done");
}
public static void loop() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
if (i * j > 6) {
System.out.println("Breaking");
return;
}
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
}
}

You can use a named block around the loops:
search: {
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and break...
break search;
}
}
}
}

I never use labels. It seems like a bad practice to get into. Here's what I would do:
boolean finished = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 5 && !finished; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
if (i * j > 6) {
finished = true;
break;
}
}
}

You can use labels:
label1:
for (int i = 0;;) {
for (int g = 0;;) {
break label1;
}
}

Use a function:
public void doSomething(List<Type> types, List<Type> types2){
for(Type t1 : types){
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and return...
return;
}
}
}
}

You can use a temporary variable:
boolean outerBreak = false;
for (Type type : types) {
if(outerBreak) break;
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and break...
outerBreak = true;
break; // Breaks out of the inner loop
}
}
}
Depending on your function, you can also exit/return from the inner loop:
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
// Do something and break...
return;
}
}
}

If you don't like breaks and gotos, you can use a "traditional" for loop instead the for-in, with an extra abort condition:
int a, b;
bool abort = false;
for (a = 0; a < 10 && !abort; a++) {
for (b = 0; b < 10 && !abort; b++) {
if (condition) {
doSomeThing();
abort = true;
}
}
}

Using 'break' keyword alone is not the appropriate way when you need to exit from more than one loops.
You can exit from immediate loop
No matter with how many loops your statement is surrounded with.
You can use 'break' with a label!
Here I've used the label "abc"
You can write your code as following, within any function in Java
This code shows how to exit from the most outer loop
abc:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
if (k == 1){
break abc;
}
}
}
}
Also you can use break statement to exit from any loop in a nested loop.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
abc:for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
if (k == 1){
break abc;
}
}
}
}
The following code shows an example of exiting from the innermost loop.
In other works,after executing the following code, you are at the outside of the loop of 'k' variables and still inside the loop of 'j' and 'i' variables.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 10; k++) {
if (k == 1){
break;
}
}
}
}

I needed to do a similar thing, but I chose not to use the enhanced for loop to do it.
int s = type.size();
for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < t.size(); j++) {
if (condition) {
// do stuff after which you want
// to completely break out of both loops
s = 0; // enables the _main_ loop to terminate
break;
}
}
}

I prefer to add an explicit "exit" to the loop tests. It makes it clear to
any casual reader that the loop may terminate early.
boolean earlyExit = false;
for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 && !earlyExit; i++) {
for(int j = 0 ; i < 10 && !earlyExit; j++) { earlyExit = true; }
}

Java 8 Stream solution:
List<Type> types1 = ...
List<Type> types2 = ...
types1.stream()
.flatMap(type1 -> types2.stream().map(type2 -> new Type[]{type1, type2}))
.filter(types -> /**some condition**/)
.findFirst()
.ifPresent(types -> /**do something**/);

Labeled break concept is used to break out nested loops in java, by using labeled break you can break nesting of loops at any position.
Example 1:
loop1:
for(int i= 0; i<6; i++){
for(int j=0; j<5; j++){
if(i==3)
break loop1;
}
}
suppose there are 3 loops and you want to terminate the loop3:
Example 2:
loop3:
for(int i= 0; i<6; i++){
loop2:
for(int k= 0; k<6; k++){
loop1:
for(int j=0; j<5; j++){
if(i==3)
break loop3;
}
}
}

Usually in such cases, it is coming in scope of more meaningful logic, let's say some searching or manipulating over some of the iterated 'for'-objects in question, so I usually use the functional approach:
public Object searching(Object[] types) { // Or manipulating
List<Object> typesReferences = new ArrayList<Object>();
List<Object> typesReferences2 = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (Object type : typesReferences) {
Object o = getByCriterion(typesReferences2, type);
if(o != null) return o;
}
return null;
}
private Object getByCriterion(List<Object> typesReferences2, Object criterion) {
for (Object typeReference : typesReferences2) {
if(typeReference.equals(criterion)) {
// here comes other complex or specific logic || typeReference.equals(new Object())
return typeReference;
}
}
return null;
}
Major cons:
roughly twice more lines
more consumption of computing cycles, meaning it is slower from algorithmic point-of-view
more typing work
The pros:
the higher ratio to separation of concerns because of functional granularity
the higher ratio of re-usability and control of
searching/manipulating logic without
the methods are not long, thus they are more compact and easier to comprehend
higher ratio of readability
So it is just handling the case via a different approach.
Basically a question to the author of this question: what do you consider of this approach?

You can break from all loops without using any label: and flags.
It's just tricky solution.
Here condition1 is the condition which is used to break from loop K and J.
And condition2 is the condition which is used to break from loop K , J and I.
For example:
public class BreakTesting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
if (condition1) {
System.out.println("Breaking from Loop K and J");
k = 9;
j = 9;
}
if (condition2) {
System.out.println("Breaking from Loop K, J and I");
k = 9;
j = 9;
i = 9;
}
}
}
}
System.out.println("End of I , J , K");
}
}

Demo
public static void main(String[] args) {
outer:
while (true) {
while (true) {
break outer;
}
}
}

Best and Easy Method..
outerloop:
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
// here we can break Outer loop by
break outerloop;
innerloop:
for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
// here we can break innerloop by
break innerloop;
}
}

Use Labels.
INNER:for(int j = 0; j < numbers.length; j++) {
System.out.println("Even number: " + i + ", break from INNER label");
break INNER;
}
Refer to this article

It's fairly easy to use label, You can break the outer loop from inner loop using the label, Consider the example below,
public class Breaking{
public static void main(String[] args) {
outerscope:
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j=0; j < 5; j++) {
if (condition) {
break outerscope;
}
}
}
}
}
Another approach is to use the breaking variable/flag to keep track of required break. consider the following example.
public class Breaking{
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean isBreaking = false;
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j=0; j < 5; j++) {
if (condition) {
isBreaking = true;
break;
}
}
if(isBreaking){
break;
}
}
}
}
However, I prefer using the first approach.

boolean broken = false; // declared outside of the loop for efficiency
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
broken = true;
break;
}
}
if (broken) {
break;
}
}

If it is inside some function why don't you just return it:
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition) {
return value;
}
}
}

Rather unusual approach but in terms of code length (not performance) this is the easiest thing you could do:
for(int i = 0; i++; i < j) {
if(wanna exit) {
i = i + j; // if more nested, also add the
// maximum value for the other loops
}
}

Another one solution, mentioned without example (it actually works in prod code).
try {
for (Type type : types) {
for (Type t : types2) {
if (some condition #1) {
// Do something and break the loop.
throw new BreakLoopException();
}
}
}
}
catch (BreakLoopException e) {
// Do something on look breaking.
}
Of course BreakLoopException should be internal, private and accelerated with no-stack-trace:
private static class BreakLoopException extends Exception {
#Override
public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace() {
return new StackTraceElement[0];
}
}

Demo for break, continue, and label:
Java keywords break and continue have a default value. It's the "nearest loop", and today, after a few years of using Java, I just got it!
It's seem used rare, but useful.
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* Created by cui on 17-5-4.
*/
public class BranchLabel {
#Test
public void test() {
System.out.println("testBreak");
testBreak();
System.out.println("testBreakLabel");
testBreakLabel();
System.out.println("testContinue");
testContinue();
System.out.println("testContinueLabel");
testContinueLabel();
}
/**
testBreak
a=0,b=0
a=0,b=1
a=1,b=0
a=1,b=1
a=2,b=0
a=2,b=1
a=3,b=0
a=3,b=1
a=4,b=0
a=4,b=1
*/
public void testBreak() {
for (int a = 0; a < 5; a++) {
for (int b = 0; b < 5; b++) {
if (b == 2) {
break;
}
System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b);
}
}
}
/**
testContinue
a=0,b=0
a=0,b=1
a=0,b=3
a=0,b=4
a=1,b=0
a=1,b=1
a=1,b=3
a=1,b=4
a=2,b=0
a=2,b=1
a=2,b=3
a=2,b=4
a=3,b=0
a=3,b=1
a=3,b=3
a=3,b=4
a=4,b=0
a=4,b=1
a=4,b=3
a=4,b=4
*/
public void testContinue() {
for (int a = 0; a < 5; a++) {
for (int b = 0; b < 5; b++) {
if (b == 2) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b);
}
}
}
/**
testBreakLabel
a=0,b=0,c=0
a=0,b=0,c=1
* */
public void testBreakLabel() {
anyName:
for (int a = 0; a < 5; a++) {
for (int b = 0; b < 5; b++) {
for (int c = 0; c < 5; c++) {
if (c == 2) {
break anyName;
}
System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b + ",c=" + c);
}
}
}
}
/**
testContinueLabel
a=0,b=0,c=0
a=0,b=0,c=1
a=1,b=0,c=0
a=1,b=0,c=1
a=2,b=0,c=0
a=2,b=0,c=1
a=3,b=0,c=0
a=3,b=0,c=1
a=4,b=0,c=0
a=4,b=0,c=1
*/
public void testContinueLabel() {
anyName:
for (int a = 0; a < 5; a++) {
for (int b = 0; b < 5; b++) {
for (int c = 0; c < 5; c++) {
if (c == 2) {
continue anyName;
}
System.out.println("a=" + a + ",b=" + b + ",c=" + c);
}
}
}
}
}

for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) //inner loop should be replaced with
for (int j = 0; j < 5 && !exitloops; j++).
Here, in this case complete nested loops should be exit if condition is True . But if we use exitloops only to the upper loop
for (int i = 0; i < 5 && !exitloops; i++) //upper loop
Then inner loop will continues, because there is no extra flag that notify this inner loop to exit.
Example : if i = 3 and j=2 then condition is false. But in next iteration of inner loop j=3 then condition (i*j) become 9 which is true but inner loop will be continue till j become 5.
So, it must use exitloops to the inner loops too.
boolean exitloops = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 5 && !exitloops; i++) { //here should exitloops as a Conditional Statement to get out from the loops if exitloops become true.
for (int j = 0; j < 5 && !exitloops; j++) { //here should also use exitloops as a Conditional Statement.
if (i * j > 6) {
exitloops = true;
System.out.println("Inner loop still Continues For i * j is => "+i*j);
break;
}
System.out.println(i*j);
}
}

Like #1800 INFORMATION suggestion, use the condition that breaks the inner loop as a condition on the outer loop:
boolean hasAccess = false;
for (int i = 0; i < x && hasAccess == false; i++){
for (int j = 0; j < y; j++){
if (condition == true){
hasAccess = true;
break;
}
}
}

Java does not have a goto feature like there is in C++. But still, goto is a reserved keyword in Java. They might implement it in the future. For your question, the answer is that there is something called label in Java to which you can apply a continue and break statement. Find the code below:
public static void main(String ...args) {
outerLoop: for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
for(int j=10;j>0;j--) {
System.out.println(i+" "+j);
if(i==j) {
System.out.println("Condition Fulfilled");
break outerLoop;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Got out of the outer loop");
}

If it's a new implementation, you can try rewriting the logic as if-else_if-else statements.
while(keep_going) {
if(keep_going && condition_one_holds) {
// Code
}
if(keep_going && condition_two_holds) {
// Code
}
if(keep_going && condition_three_holds) {
// Code
}
if(keep_going && something_goes_really_bad) {
keep_going=false;
}
if(keep_going && condition_four_holds) {
// Code
}
if(keep_going && condition_five_holds) {
// Code
}
}
Otherwise you can try setting a flag when that special condition has occured and check for that flag in each of your loop-conditions.
something_bad_has_happened = false;
while(something is true && !something_bad_has_happened){
// Code, things happen
while(something else && !something_bad_has_happened){
// Lots of code, things happens
if(something happened){
-> Then control should be returned ->
something_bad_has_happened=true;
continue;
}
}
if(something_bad_has_happened) { // The things below will not be executed
continue;
}
// Other things may happen here as well, but they will not be executed
// once control is returned from the inner cycle.
}
HERE! So, while a simple break will not work, it can be made to work using continue.
If you are simply porting the logic from one programming language to Java and just want to get the thing working you can try using labels.

You just use label for breaking inner loops
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
outerloop:
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j=0; j < 5; j++) {
if (i * j > 6) {
System.out.println("Breaking");
break outerloop;
}
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
System.out.println("Done");
}
}

You can do the following:
set a local variable to false
set that variable true in the first loop, when you want to break
then you can check in the outer loop, that whether the condition is set then break from the outer loop as well.
boolean isBreakNeeded = false;
for (int i = 0; i < some.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < some.lengthasWell; j++) {
//want to set variable if (){
isBreakNeeded = true;
break;
}
if (isBreakNeeded) {
break; //will make you break from the outer loop as well
}
}

Method Call Expected... Why?

In this code here, I have a text file that reads the numbers placed inside of it, and then the variance is calculated. One problem is that my last piece of code return nSumVar(); says that I need to create a method, but my nsumvar is already initialized so what is the problem?
public double getVariance()
{
boolean done = false;
int nCount = 0;
for(int i=0; i < maxArr; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < maxArr; j++){
// ------------------------------------------
// If the array entry is valid then add it to total
// If not then exit the loops and return the total
//
if (a[i][j] != INVALID)
{
nVarianceAray[i][j] = a[i][j] - mean;
nVarianceAray[i][j] *= nVarianceAray[i][j];
nCount ++;
}
else
{
done = true;
break;
}
}
if (done == true) {
break;
}
}
int nSumVar = 0;
done = false;
for (int i=0; i<maxArr; i++)
{
for (int j=0; i<maxArr; j++)
{
{
nSumVar += nVarianceAray[i][j];
}
{
done = true;
break;
}
}
if(done)
break;
nSumVar/=nCount;
}
return nSumVar();
}}

In above code getVariance() method returns a double so getVariance method should return a double value. Also in your code nSumVar declared as an int variable not a method.
Correct call is
return nSumVar
not return nSumVar().

For-loop is executed only once?

I'm implementing Insertionsort for university. My code works in theory, but my for-loop is executed only once instead of books.size() (which is 5, I've tested that). I tried it using the number 5, but it won't work and I'm kind of desperate because I can't seem to find the error.
Here is my code:
static void sort(LinkedList<Book> books)
{
int i;
for ( i = 0; i < books.size(); i++)
{
Book temp = books.get(i);
books.remove(i);
for (int j = 0; j < books.size(); j++) {
if (books.get(j).compareTo(temp) > 0) {
books.add(j, temp);
return;
}
}
books.add(temp);
}
}
The compareTo function of the Book-Class looks like the following:
public int compareTo(Book other)
{
int iAutor = autor.compareTo(other.getAutor());
if (iAutor != 0)
return iAutor;
else
{
int iTitel = titel.compareTo(other.getTitel());
if (iTitel != 0)
return iTitel;
else
{
if (this.auflage < other.getAuflage())
return -1;
else if (this.auflage > other.getAuflage())
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
}
}
Am I simply blind?

You need to swap return for break and fix the logic to avoid adding the book twice. There may be more elegant ways than this, but it should work:
int i;
for ( i = 0; i < books.size(); i++)
{
Book temp = books.get(i);
books.remove(i);
bool added = false;
for (int j = 0; j < books.size(); j++) {
if (books.get(j).compareTo(temp) > 0) {
books.add(j, temp);
added = true;
break;
}
}
if (!added) {
books.add(temp);
}
}

Well, I found out how to solve it, just if someone has the same problem (don't think that will happen, but it's a good habit I hope).
As #Klitos Kyriacou pointed out right, I had a twist in my thoughts about the process of Insertionsorting.
The solution is changing the loops in the following:
static void sort(LinkedList<Book> books) {
Book temp;
for (int counter = 0; counter < books.size(); counter++) {
temp = books.get(counter);
for (int position = 0; position < counter; position++)
{
if (temp.compareTo(books.get(position)) < 0)
{
books.remove(counter);
books.add(position, temp);
break;
}
}
}
}

Can you use a for loop inside the condition of an if-else statement?

Can you use a for loop inside the condition of an if-else statement? For example, something like this...
if(
for(q = 0; q < 10; q++){
values[q]>=values[q+1];
}
)
{
done = 0;
}
This is loading an error I can't seem to place. I want the if statement to check to see if the int[] I called values is in order from greatest to least, and if it is, set int variable done equal to 0.
I only just started taking a programming class and I bet this is a very dumb mistake, but I've been trying to figure this out for a while and some help would be absolutely fantastic.

You should work out your condition first (ie is your array in order), and then feed that in to your if statement. Like so...
boolean isOrdered = true;
for(q = 0; q < 10; q++){
if (values[q]>=values[q+1]){
// in order
}
else {
// not in order
isOrdered = false;
break; // we have found a false, so we can quit out of the for loop
}
}
if (isOrdered){
// do something if the array is in order;
}

You can do it if you refactor the logic into a method that returns a boolean:
if (isInOrder(values)) {
//
}
private static boolean isInOrder(int[] array) {
for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++)
if (array[i] > array[i+1])
return false;
return true;
}

A for loop can exist inside of an if block
if (true) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
But a for loop can not be the condition of the if block
if( for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { } ) { }
A for loop is not a boolean. Every if condition requires a boolean.

No. If requires a boolean test. For loop doesn't return a boolean value. You can instead separate the check into another function.
if( isArrayOrdered(values) ){
done = 0;
}
// assuming values is an array of `int` values
private boolean isArrayOrdered( int[] values){
for(int q = 1; q < values.length; q++){
if( values[q] > values[q-1] ){
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

I think you probably want the alternate nesting, and start with the assumption that done = 0 (that is, that the list is correctly ordered), unless you prove in the loop that it is not true.
public class Play{
public static void main(String[] args) {
done = 0;
for(q = 1; q < 10; q++){
if (values[q-1]<values[q]) {
done = 1;
break;
}
}
}
}

You need to break you logic down into steps.
first of all, a method
boolean isInOrder (int [] values) {
for(int q = 0; q < values.length - 1; q++){
if (values[q] > values[q+1]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// now lets call this method
if (isInOrder (values)) {
System.out.println ("In Order");
}
else {
System.out.println ("Not In Order");
}

No, you can't. The if condition must evaluate to some boolean value, which doesn't happen with this for loop.
It can only be in the if statement body, like
if(someCondition)
for(int i = 0;i < 10;i++)...
To achieve your goal, a code like this one might help:
boolean ordered = true;
for(int i = 0;i < array.length - 1;i++) {
if(array[i] > array[i+1]) {
ordered = false;
break;
}
}
if(ordered) // your if body here

It is impossible to put the "for loop" statement between if statement "(" and ")".But it is possible if you write "for loop" between if statement "{" and "}".Thanks

The expression inside the "if" condition should evaluate to a boolean or Boolean otherwise the code will not compile.
Check that Java specs page here

Java multi-level break

I have a construct where I have a for loop nested inside of a while loop in Java. Is there a way to call a break statement such that it exits both the for loop and the while loop?

You can use a 'labeled' break for this.
class BreakWithLabelDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] arrayOfInts = { { 32, 87, 3, 589 },
{ 12, 1076, 2000, 8 },
{ 622, 127, 77, 955 }
};
int searchfor = 12;
int i;
int j = 0;
boolean foundIt = false;
search:
for (i = 0; i < arrayOfInts.length; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < arrayOfInts[i].length; j++) {
if (arrayOfInts[i][j] == searchfor) {
foundIt = true;
break search;
}
}
}
if (foundIt) {
System.out.println("Found " + searchfor +
" at " + i + ", " + j);
} else {
System.out.println(searchfor
+ " not in the array");
}
}
}
Taken from: http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/branch.html

You can do it in 3 ways:
You can have while and for loops inside method, and then just call return
You can break for-loop and set some flag which will cause exit in while-loop
Use label (example below)
This is example for 3rd way (with label):
public void someMethod() {
// ...
search:
for (i = 0; i < arrayOfInts.length; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < arrayOfInts[i].length; j++) {
if (arrayOfInts[i][j] == searchfor) {
foundIt = true;
break search;
}
}
}
}
example from this site
In my opinion 1st and 2nd solution is elegant. Some programmers don't like labels.

Labelled Breaks
For example:
out:
while(someCondition) {
for(int i = 0; i < someInteger; i++) {
if (someOtherCondition)
break out;
}
}

Make the loop be inside a function call and return from the function?

You should able to use a label for the outer loop (while in this case)
So something like
label:
While()
{
for()
{
break label;
}
}