Develop Reference

How to make Java Mac App that doesn't require installing Java

I want to make a Mac Application using Java code I wrote, and I want to make it that the person using it doesn't require Java to be installed on their own computer.
Is there a way to create a Mac Application so it can run on any mac, whether they have Java installed or not?

Either bundle a JVM or compile native
You have a choice of three ways to deliver a local Java-based app to a Mac user.
User installs a JDK or JRE on their machine. (Or I.T. sysadmin person does so.)
App comes bundled with a JVM for a specific OS and specific chip architecture.
App is compiled to native code for a specific OS and specific chip architecture.
Install JDK/JRE
In a controlled environment such as a corporation or school, it may be practical to install a JDK or JRE on every Mac. If you are writing JavaFX apps, you could install an edition of a JDK/JRE that comes with the OpenJFX libraries.
Your Java app can then execute by using the already-installed JVM.
By the way, in such a controlled environment, OpenWebStart is a way to deliver and launch a local Java app by using the convenience of a web browser.
In contrast, Oracle has abandoned the approach of expecting common consumer machines to come equipped with Java pre-installed. For details, see the Oracle white paper, Java Client Roadmap Update. So expecting individuals to have Java installed is not practical.
Bundle JDK/JRE
You can build your app in such a way as to include a JDK/JRE for a specific kind of machine, meaning a specific operating system and a specific chip architecture.
For Macs, that means you need one build for Macs with Intel (x86) chips, and another build for Macs with Apple Silicon (ARM, AArch64) chips. You would need to to either supply two separate versions of your app, one for each child, or perhaps a “fat binary” that includes two JDKs/JREs for both chips. The fat binary approach was supported by Apple (and its originator, NeXT Inc.) in previous chip transitions, but I’ve not verified is this is the case now in the Intel to Apple Silicon transition.
Modern tooling helps with embedding a JDK/JRE. See jlink and jpackage. See Packaging Tool User's Guide. As of Java 9, the Java Platform Module System enables including only the parts of the JDK/JRE actually used by your particular app. Unused parts are omitted, making for a smaller-sized final app artifact.
Compile native
The last way uses GraalVM technology to compile your code to native code specific to the targeted runtime machine. Instead of compiling to bytecode for a conventional JVM to interpret and optionally JIT-compile at runtime, full compilation to native machine language is performed when you build your app. This approach is cutting-edge, perhaps bleeding-edge. So research carefully and test thoroughly if you dare to consider this novel approach.
With both of the last two approaches, you have the option of distributing through the Apple App Store.

You don't need JDK to install on the client machine but as we know java converts the program into bytecode and a java compiler is needed to compile that bytecode into machine language you must install JRE on the client computer whether it is mac or windows or any other operating system

How we can deploy Desktop application to clients, for Java 11?

Previously, this is how we deploy legacy desktop application (https://jstock.org, written in Swing and JavaFX) to clients.
Developed in Swing and JavaFX
Use NetBeans as IDE
Use Java 8
Use Oracle JDK
Use Launch4J to create EXE
Use NSIS to create installer, will help user automatically download JRE from http://javadl.oracle.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=216434
Due to the complex licensing requirement introduced by Oracle, we want to move away from Oracle, and go for Amazon Corretto or AdoptOpenJDK or Azul or whatever is free.
We want to take this opportunity to migrate to Java 11. But, we notice that there are no JRE for Java 11.
After some research, we though we might need "Self-Contained Application Packaging" technology, to deploy our Desktop app solution to clients, if we were to use
Developed in Swing and JavaFX
Use NetBeans as IDE
Use Java 11
Use Amazon Corretto or AdoptOpenJDK or whatever is free
The information we came across is https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/deploy/self-contained-packaging.html#A1307236 . But, it is pretty brief, and we still don't know how we can apply "Self-Contained Application Packaging" for our case?
Do you come across any good tutorial resource, to deploy Java 11 desktop app?

Run Java application on Windows Embedded Handheld 6.5

I want to run a Java Application on an Intermec scanner with Windows Embedded Handheld 6.5 Operating System. I used this tutorial.
The problem is I don't know how to run my application on the Intermec scanner.
I downloaded and installed PhoneME Advanced and PhoneME Feature from here.
I searched for JavaFX like in this tutorial, but when I follow the link to JavaFX on the Oracle site, it says it's included in the current JDK, which I can't install ("The file *** cannot be opened. Either is not signed with a trusted certificate, or one of its components cannot be found"). I tried installing the JRE but I get the same message.
Help please?

The Intermec Java installation doc is very outdated and related to IBM WEME, which is no longer be sold for a long time.
The IBM J9 licensing is strange and can only be achieved with a larger number of installations. But you may get a validation copy from microdoc.com
You may go with another JAVA VM like PhoneME or CrEme. JavaFX seems to be discontinued, whereas IBM J9 or CrEme are more or less current and supported products.
Which JVM you choose depends also on your intention. The Intermec Java Datacollection jar will only run with J9. But you can write your own JNI for the native Scanner API.

Mac laptop usage and development discussion?

I bought a new Mac book (MacBook Pro), and I am previously using Windows. I use this MacBook for personal (e.g. instant messaging, document, browsing the web) and development (writing C++ and Java code) purpose. Any recommended discussion group or forums (or I can directly ask here in StackOverflow)? I am a newbie.

Yes, you may be interested in my Development Environment Setup guides. I currently develop on Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. My recommendation is to install Xcode and MacPorts. I tend to edit everything using Xcode, and I use MacPorts to install pretty much all the various libraries (except Qt, for which it is more sensible to downlod the precompiled Cocoa 32-bit and 64-bit binaries). In terms of developing such that things also work on Linux, as long as you conform to the Single UNIX Specification (i.e. use the authoritative manual pages at the link instead of Mac OS X's man pages) and, other than that, you rely only on cross-platform libraries, then you should be fine. That said, it is reasonable to install a copy of VirtualBox and setup an image of Ubuntu in it for verifying that your code compiles and runs under Linux.

Start with Xcode and Developer Tools, and then look at NetBeans and/or Eclipse.

Others have already commented about XCode and you commented "How about Java programs?" so for Java on OS X, basically every single Mac ships with Java since a very long time.
You MBP probably has Java 1.6.
Two very popular Java IDE on Macs are Eclipse and IntelliJ (I guess NetBeans works on Mac too but nobody here is using it and it's been a long time I haven't checked NetBeans, I'm a long time IntelliJ IDEA user).
In addition to that, OS X being a Unx OS you get very powerful shells and you may want to learn how to use a Unx shell (like, say, Bash).
Welcome and good luck!

javafx on client side

Do the clients need something else than a proper jdk and javafx compliant browser to visit javafx applets?

JavaFX is based on download able JARs. I think there are multiple runtimes, but all of them Require JRE 1.6. The JavaFX classes will be loaded by the WebStart or Applet Classloader, so the JRE does not need to provide this extension.
However as there are some new Features of Java 6 Update 10 specifically targeted for rolling out JavaFX applets, it is most likely that this is the best choice. Update 10 has a new Java Plugin with improvements in speed, installation and stability, and it allows quicker initial installation.
The following JNLP Samples with fine with the released Java 6u10:
http://javafx.com/htdocs/samples.html
http://a.stritzinger.googlepages.com/jfxrace

Ok, thanks for this information. All the samples were "standalone" applications that run "outside" the web browser (a new program was launched, you had to download it and accept some signatures/certs). Is it possible to run the applets inside a browser? (more transparency for my client)

JavFX can be run as an applet and the Java plug-in for running applets was rewritten for Java 6ul10 to provide a better experience for everyone for the JavaFX release.
You can see plenty of applet examples at JavaFX.com as well as the samples in the Netbeans 6.5 JavaFX plugin.