I've got a ClassLoader extending class with following method
#Override
public Class<?> findClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
/**
* Get a bytecode from file
*/
byte b[] = fetchClassFromFS(pathtobin + File.separator
+ className.replaceAll("\\.", escapeSeparator(File.separator)) + ".class");
return defineClass(className, b, 0, b.length);
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
return super.findClass(className);
} catch (IOException ex) {
return super.findClass(className);
}
}
That as u can see uses defineClass() method from its parent - ClassLoader. The issue is when i'm trying to execute a class' (i recieve with my ClassLoader extension - let it be ru.xmppTesting.test.Disco) method getMethods() while getting an instance of this class i get the following
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/http/Header
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetPublicMethods(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.getMethods(Unknown Source)
at DOTGraphCreator.createGraphFromClasses(DOTGraphCreator.java:85)
at DOTGraphCreator.generateDotGraphFile(DOTGraphCreator.java:56)
at DOTGraphCreator.main(DOTGraphCreator.java:46)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.http.Header
at java.lang.ClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at SourceClassLoader.findClass(SourceClassLoader.java:27)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 7 more
As far as i can see that is because class org.apache.http.Header could not be found as defined. Because it is not.
So here's a question:
how can and must i define and link this Header class (and lots of others from my .jar libs) along with definition of ru.xmppTesting.test.Disco and others similar to have them defined on the fly?
If your are importing org.apache.http.Header from your dinamic loaded class, you need it to be accesible at your classpath.
If you don't want to load all the potentially needed jars on your classpath, you could try with a hack i have found here:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class ClassPathHacker {
private static final Class[] parameters = new Class[]{URL.class};
public static void addFile(String s) throws IOException {
File f = new File(s);
addFile(f);
}//end method
public static void addFile(File f) throws IOException {
addURL(f.toURL());
}//end method
public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException {
URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader)ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
Class sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
try {
Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL",parameters);
method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(sysloader,new Object[]{ u });
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
throw new IOException("Error, could not add URL to system classloader");
}//end try catch
}//end method
}//end class
But, I must say, it could not be portable to some JVMs (not always the SystemClassLoader is a subclass of URLClassLoader)...
*EDIT: * In fact, as you have replaced the classloader with your own, perhaps you have some troubles...
Related
Based on this tutorial I try to get a java agent to work.
https://www.baeldung.com/java-instrumentation#loading-a-java-agent
I do get [Agent] Transforming class TestApplication
I have no errors, but I can't see any effect of transforming the class.
Eventually I would like to get both static load and dynamic load to work, but for now I focus on the static way.
public class Static_Agent {
public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst) {
String[] tokens = agentArgs.split(";");
String className = tokens[0];
String methodName = tokens[1];
System.out.println(">> "+className);
System.out.println(">> "+methodName);
transformClass(className, methodName, inst);
}
public static void transformClass(String className, String methodName, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
Class<?> targetCls = null;
ClassLoader targetClassLoader = null;
// see if we can get the class using forName
try {
targetCls = Class.forName(className);
targetClassLoader = targetCls.getClassLoader();
transform(targetCls, methodName, targetClassLoader, instrumentation);
return;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
// otherwise iterate all loaded classes and find what we want
for(Class<?> clazz: instrumentation.getAllLoadedClasses()) {
if(clazz.getName().equals(className)) {
targetCls = clazz;
targetClassLoader = targetCls.getClassLoader();
transform(targetCls, methodName, targetClassLoader, instrumentation);
return;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to find class [" + className + "]");
}
public static void transform(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, ClassLoader classLoader, Instrumentation instrumentation) {
Transformer dt = new Transformer(clazz.getName(), methodName, classLoader);
instrumentation.addTransformer(dt, true);
try {
instrumentation.retransformClasses(clazz);
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Transform failed for class: [" + clazz.getName() + "]", ex);
}
}
}
public class Transformer implements ClassFileTransformer {
/** The internal form class name of the class to transform */
private String targetClassName;
/** The class loader of the class we want to transform */
private ClassLoader targetClassLoader;
private String targetMethodName;
public Transformer(String targetClassName, String targetMethodName, ClassLoader targetClassLoader) {
this.targetClassName = targetClassName;
this.targetClassLoader = targetClassLoader;
this.targetMethodName = targetMethodName;
}
#Override
public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class<?> classBeingRedefined,
ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {
byte[] byteCode = classfileBuffer;
String finalTargetClassName = this.targetClassName.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
if (!className.equals(finalTargetClassName)) {
return byteCode;
}
if (className.equals(finalTargetClassName) && loader.equals(targetClassLoader)) {
System.out.println("[Agent] Transforming class TestApplication");
try {
ClassPool cp = ClassPool.getDefault();
CtClass cc = cp.get(targetClassName);
CtMethod m = cc.getDeclaredMethod(targetMethodName);
m.addLocalVariable("startTime", CtClass.longType);
m.insertBefore("startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();");
StringBuilder endBlock = new StringBuilder();
m.addLocalVariable("endTime", CtClass.longType);
m.addLocalVariable("opTime", CtClass.longType);
endBlock.append("endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();");
endBlock.append("opTime = (endTime-startTime)/1000;");
endBlock.append("System.out.println(\"[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:\" + opTime + \" seconds!\");");
m.insertAfter(endBlock.toString());
byteCode = cc.toBytecode();
cc.detach();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Exception"+e);
}
}
return byteCode;
}
}
public class TestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
TestApplication.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void run() throws Exception {
System.out.println("--- start ---");
while (true) {
test();
Thread.sleep(4_000);
}
}
static int count = 0;
public static void test() {
System.out.println(count++);
}
}
I launch with:
java -javaagent:static_agent.jar="doeke.application.TestApplication;test" -jar application.jar
In case it helps, the project is here:
https://github.com/clankill3r/java_agent
Edit:
In the Transformer.java near the end of the file I use e.printStackTrace(); now.
I get the following error:
[Agent] Transforming class TestApplication
javassist.NotFoundException: doeke.application.TestApplication at
javassist.ClassPool.get(ClassPool.java:436) at
doeke.transformer.Transformer.transform(Transformer.java:48) at
java.instrument/java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer.transform(ClassFileTransformer.java:246)
at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.TransformerManager.transform(TransformerManager.java:188)
at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.transform(InstrumentationImpl.java:563)
at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses0(Native
Method) at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.retransformClasses(InstrumentationImpl.java:167)
at doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.transform(Static_Agent.java:56)
at
doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.transformClass(Static_Agent.java:34)
at doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.premain(Static_Agent.java:22) at
java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native
Method) at
java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at
java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.loadClassAndStartAgent(InstrumentationImpl.java:513)
at
java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.loadClassAndCallPremain(InstrumentationImpl.java:525)
--- start ---
0
1
Thanks for raising this question to let me have chance to take a look of Java Instrumentation.
After spending some time to cross check your sample codes and the provided tutorial. The problem is not from the programming codes, but the way how to launch your program.
If you add some loggers to the transform() method in Transformer.java, you will find that the code path is broken after running:
ClassPool cp = ClassPool.getDefault();
And, after replacing the exception catching code in the same method from:
} catch (Exception e) {
to:
} catch (NotFoundException | CannotCompileException | IOException e) {
It would give your more hints as below:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.loadClassAndStartAgent(Unknown Source)
at sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.loadClassAndCallPremain(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javassist/NotFoundException
at doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.transform(Static_Agent.java:60)
at doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.transformClass(Static_Agent.java:40)
at doeke.static_agent.Static_Agent.premain(Static_Agent.java:28)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javassist.NotFoundException
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 9 more
FATAL ERROR in native method: processing of -javaagent failed
Up to this point, the root cause is more apparent. It is because while launching the program, those javassist relevant classes (e.g. ClassPool, CtClass, CtMethod, etc.) cannot refer to its corresponding libraries during the runtime.
So, the solution is:
assuming you have exported the static_agent.jar in the same "build" folder as of application.jar
all other folder structure remain the same as shown in your provided github
let's "cd" to the build folder in the command console
revising the original program launching script as below
Windows OS:
java -javaagent:static_agent.jar="doeke.application.TestApplication;test" -cp ../libs/javassist-3.12.1.GA.jar;application.jar doeke.application.TestApplication
Unix/Linux OS:
java -javaagent:static_agent.jar="doeke.application.TestApplication;test" -cp ../libs/javassist-3.12.1.GA.jar:application.jar doeke.application.TestApplication
You would finally get your expected result:
[Agent] In premain method.
>> doeke.application.TestApplication
>> test
[Agent] Transforming class
--- start ---
0
[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:0 seconds!
1
[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:0 seconds!
EDIT
In addition, let me paste some codes regarding how to insert codes in the middle of a method through javassist.
In case the test() method in TestApplication.java is changed as:
line 30 public static void test() {
line 31 System.out.println(count++);
line 32
line 33 System.out.println("Last line of test() method");
line 34 }
Assume that we want to add a line between the count and the =========, let's say "This is line separator", which the result would look like:
1
-- This is line separator --
Last line of test() method
Then, in the transform(...) method of Transformer.java, you could add a code line as of below:
m.insertAt(32,"System.out.println(\"-- This is line separator --\");");
which makes it becomes:
#Override
public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class<?> classBeingRedefined,
ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException {
byte[] byteCode = classfileBuffer;
String finalTargetClassName = this.targetClassName.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
if (!className.equals(finalTargetClassName)) {
return byteCode;
}
if (className.equals(finalTargetClassName) && loader.equals(targetClassLoader)) {
System.out.println("[Agent] Transforming class TestApplication");
try {
// Step 1 Preparation
ClassPool cp = ClassPool.getDefault();
CtClass cc = cp.get(targetClassName);
CtMethod m = cc.getDeclaredMethod(targetMethodName);
// Step 2 Declare variables
m.addLocalVariable("startTime", CtClass.longType);
m.addLocalVariable("endTime", CtClass.longType);
m.addLocalVariable("opTime", CtClass.longType);
// Step 3 Insertion of extra logics/implementation
m.insertBefore("startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();");
m.insertAt(32,"System.out.println(\"-- This is line separator --\");");
StringBuilder endBlock = new StringBuilder();
endBlock.append("endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();");
endBlock.append("opTime = (endTime-startTime)/1000;");
endBlock.append("System.out.println(\"[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:\" + opTime + \" seconds!\");");
m.insertAfter(endBlock.toString());
// Step 4 Detach from ClassPool and clean up stuff
byteCode = cc.toBytecode();
cc.detach();
} catch (NotFoundException | CannotCompileException | IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return byteCode;
}
Finally, would get result like below of printing the code in the middle of a method:
[Agent] In premain method.
className=doeke.application.TestApplication
methodName=test
>> doeke.application.TestApplication
>> test
[Agent] Transforming class TestApplication
--- start ---
0
-- This is line separator --
=========
[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:0 seconds!
1
-- This is line separator --
=========
[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:0 seconds!
2
-- This is line separator --
=========
[Application] Withdrawal operation completed in:0 seconds!
In my project class path poi 2.5 version is already there and on runtime i want to load poi 3.5 jar as for two java classes in my project require poi 3.5 version , so for that I have written class loader that will call the poi 3.5 jar on runtime please advise what is wrong now as it is not loading poi 3.5 version jar at runtime
below is my classloader
public class MyClassLoader {
private static final Class[] parameters = new Class[] {URL.class};
public static void addFile(String s) throws IOException
{
File f = new File(s);
addFile(f);
}
public static void addFile(File f) throws IOException
{
addURL(f.toURI().toURL());
}
public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException
{
URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader) ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
Class sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
try {
Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL", parameters);
method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(sysloader, new Object[] {u});
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
throw new IOException("Error, could not add URL to system classloader");
}
}
}
and here i am calling from inside main method one of the method of poi 3.5 class which is newly added in 3.5 but it is not loaded
MyClassLoader.addFile("C:\\Release14branchupdated\\lib\\thirdparty\\POI-3.5\\poi-3.10-FINAL.jar");
Constructor<?> cs = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass("org.apache.poi.ss.formula.FormulaCellCacheEntrySet").getConstructor(String.class);
System.out.println("$$$$$$$$$$"+cs.getName());
org.apache.poi.ss.formula.FormulaCellCacheEntrySet instance = (org.apache.poi.ss.formula.FormulaCellCacheEntrySet)cs.newInstance();
instance.iterator();
now upon execution the error that i am getting is not ble to find class FormulaCellCacheEntrySet
I try to extend ClassLoader. My ClassLoader.loadClass is:
protected synchronized Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve) throws ClassNotFoundException {// i put "throw"s here to clean code below
Class<?> result = null;
byte[] bytes = null;
try {
bytes = getClassFromFS(pathToClass); //get .class file from file system in bytes[]
} catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(MyLoader.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IOException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(MyLoader.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
System.out.println("MyLoader:мой loadClass загружает класс");
return defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length); // the proplem is here !!!
return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
}
lines in the "main" thread
/*first argument - path to file. File exist, I checked it*/
myClassLoader = new MyLoader("D:\\\\customclassloader\\ClassX.class", ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
classX = (SimpleInterface) myClassLoader.loadClass("customclassloader.ClassX",true).newInstance();
</pre>
then I have exception
<pre>Exception in thread "main" java.lang.SecurityException: Prohibited package name: java.lang
at java.lang.ClassLoader.preDefineClass(ClassLoader.java:650)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:786)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:635)
at customclassloader.MyLoader.loadClass(MyLoader.java:61)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:792)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:635)// the proplem is here !!!
at customclassloader.MyLoader.loadClass(MyLoader.java:61)
at customclassloader.CustomClassLoader.main(CustomClassLoader.java:32)
ClassX:
package customclassloader;
/**
*
* #author roman
*/
public class ClassX {
static {
System.out.println("класс ClassX инициируеться");
}
public ClassX() {
System.out.println("класс ClassX конструируеться");
}
public void f(){
System.out.println("класс ClassX выполняет f();");
}
}
I donn't understend.I name class "customclassloader.ClassX". Why do it show me the name "java.lang"?
The ClassX.class compiled in the same project and the same package.
It shows java.lang because java.lang.Object is the superclass of all classes which the loader is trying to load.
you can check this link for sample
http://www.javaworld.com/jw-10-1996/jw-10-indepth.html?page=2
" the next step is to check if the primordial class loader can resolve this class name. This check is essential to both the sanity and security of the system. For example, if you return your own instance of java.lang.Object to the caller, then this object will share no common superclass with any other object! The security of the system can be compromised if your class loader returned its own value of java.lang.SecurityManager, which did not have the same checks as the real one did. "
It seems that Java forbid you to put your own classes in the package java.lang.
And because you're extending ClassLoader, which is in java.lang, your class is considered as a part of the java.lang package.
Try to put it in another package, using the package statement on top of your import instructions
PS : answer as seen here : java.lang.SecurityException: Prohibited package name: java.lang
I am trying to add jar file to classpath at runtime. I use this code
public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException {
URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader) ClassLoader
.getSystemClassLoader();
Class<URLClassLoader> sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
try {
Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL", parameters);
method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(sysloader, new Object[] { u });
System.out.println(u);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
throw new IOException("Error");
}
}
System out prints this url:
file:/B:/Java/Tools/mysql-connector-java-5.1.18/mysql-connector-java-5.1.18/mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar
I was check this path carefully, this jar exist. Even this test show that com.mysql.jdbc.
Driver class exists.
javap -classpath "B:\Java\Tools\mysql-connector-java-5.1.18\
mysql-connector-java-5.1.18\mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar" com.mysql.jdbc.
Driver
Compiled from "Driver.java"
public class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver extends com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver i
mplements java.sql.Driver{
public com.mysql.jdbc.Driver() throws java.sql.SQLException;
static {};
}
But I still get java.lang.ClassNotFoundException when I use this Class.forName(driver).
What is wrong with this code?
The URL is ok, nevertheless you try to load a jar from classpath, so it means that yo need to have the file in cp first.
In your case you want to load a jar that is not in classpath so you have to use
URLClassLoader and for JAR you can use also the JARClassLoader
If you want some sample lesson on it:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/jar/jarclassloader.html
Here a sample I ran by myself see if helps you. It search the Logger class of Log4j that is not in my classpath, of course i got exception on invocation of the constructor since i did not pass the right params to the constructor
package org.stackoverflow;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
public class URLClassLoaderSample
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
File f = new File("C:\\_programs\\apache\\log4j\\v1.1.16\\log4j-1.2.16.jar");
URLClassLoader urlCl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] { f.toURL()},System.class.getClassLoader());
Class log4jClass = urlCl.loadClass("org.apache.log4j.Logger");
log4jClass.newInstance();
}
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InstantiationException: org.apache.log4j.Logger
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:357)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:325)
at org.stackoverflow.URLClassLoaderSample.main(URLClassLoaderSample.java:19)
Exception due to the wrong invocation, nevertheless at this stage we already found the class
Ok try the alternative approach with DataSource and not directly the Driver
Below is the code (working with oracle driver, i don't have my sql db, but the properties are the same)
Generally using the DataSource interface is the preferred approach since JDBC 2.0
The DataSource jar was not in the classpath neither for the test below
public static void urlCLSample2() throws Exception
{
File f = new File("C:\\_programs\\jdbc_drivers\\oracle\\v11.2\\ojdbc6.jar");
URLClassLoader urlCl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] { f.toURL() }, System.class.getClassLoader());
// replace the data source class with MySQL data source class.
Class dsClass = urlCl.loadClass("oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource");
DataSource ds = (DataSource) dsClass.newInstance();
invokeProperty(dsClass, ds, "setServerName", String.class, "<put your server here>");
invokeProperty(dsClass, ds, "setDatabaseName", String.class, "<put your db instance here>");
invokeProperty(dsClass, ds, "setPortNumber", int.class, <put your port here>);
invokeProperty(dsClass, ds, "setDriverType",String.class, "thin");
ds.getConnection("<put your username here>", "<put your username password here>");
System.out.println("Got Connection");
}
// Helper method to invoke properties
private static void invokeProperty(Class dsClass, DataSource ds, String propertyName, Class paramClass,
Object paramValue) throws Exception
{
try
{
Method method = dsClass.getDeclaredMethod(propertyName, paramClass);
method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(ds, paramValue);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception("Failed to invoke method");
}
}
I think I need some help with finding an enumeration class within another class using reflection in Java. I have been battling with this for far too long now. I have read this as well as a number of other posts and they all make me believe it should work as below.
public class ModelActivity {
public enum AttributeEnumeration { MODELID, MODELURGENCY, MODELDUEDATEANDTIME }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Find the class with the given name
String className = "ModelActivity";
Class modelClass = null;
try {
// Retrieve the Class with the given className...
modelClass = Class.forName(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Class by name '" + className + "' not found.", e);
}
// Find the AttributeEnumeration within the class
String attributeEnumerationClassName = className + ".AttributeEnumeration";
Class attributeEnumerationClass = null;
try {
attributeEnumerationClass = Class.forName(attributeEnumerationClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Class by name '" + attributeEnumerationClassName + "' not found.", e);
}
}
}
However, what actually happens is that the modelClass is found correctly, but the attributeEnumerationClass is not, that is, I get the second ClassNotFoundException as follows:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Class by name 'ModelActivity.AttributeEnumeration' not found.
at ModelActivity.main(ModelActivity.java:27)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: ModelActivity.AttributeEnumeration
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:169)
at ModelActivity.main(ModelActivity.java:25)
Could anyone please point the--probably obvious--mistake out to me. Thank you.
See for yourself:
package foo.bar;
public class Outer{
public enum Inner{}
public static void main(final String[] args){
System.out.println(Inner.class.getName());
}
}
Output:
foo.bar.Outer$Inner
Inner class names are delimited with $, not with a period, so you want ModelActivity$AttributeEnumeration.
BTW:
The $ syntax is valid for class loading only. Use periods to access instances of the class in source as follows:
import foo.bar.Outer.Inner;
// ...
private Inner myEnumValue;
or like this:
private foo.bar.Outer.Inner myEnumValue;
Or, to put it this way:
assertEquals( // two ways to reference the same class
foo.bar.Outer.Inner.class,
Class.forName("foo.bar.Outer$Inner")
);