JPA and generics - java

I'm wondering how an abstract class with generics would handle with JPA? I mean what kind of annotations do I need for the field?
Consider these:
#MappedSuperclass
public abstract class AbstractMyClass<T> {
// What about Strings and Integers? Do I need some kind of #LOB?
private T field;
public T getField() {
return field;
}
public void setField(T field) {
this.field = field;
}
}
And then these
#Entity
#Table(name = "String")
public class MyStringClass extends AbstractMyClass<String> {
}
#Entity
#Table(name = "Integer")
public class MyIntegerClass extends AbstractMyClass<Integer> {
}

JPA is perfectly able to handle your proposed, because the generic appears at the abstract class level and for your concrete classes it has exactly a single value per class. In fact, JPA will store your subclasses in one or more table, according to the #InheritanceStrategy you have chosen and uses different mechanism for that.
You can figure out yourself why your case is not a problem, reasoning about how an ORM could save the two classes on a DB:
You can store MyStringClass and MyIntegerClass in the same table, adding a Discriminator column so that the ORM, when it loads from the DB, know which constructor should be called.
You can store every subclass in more table.
What is not possible, on the other side, is to define a generic
#Entity
#Table(name = "MyGenericClass")
public class MyGenericClass<T> {
private T t;
public MyGenericClass(T t) {
this.t=t;
}
}
The reason for this is that, at compile time, the T is "erased" because of type erasure. It is used at compile time to verify signatures and correctness of types, but then it is turned into a java.lang.Object inside the JVM. If you follow until now, you should be able to understand the following:
In your case, every concrete subclass of AbstractMyClass has a type T which is defined for all instances of the class. While the T information is not retained into the AbstractMyClass, it is retained and unique inside the subclasses.
In the second case I posted, each possible concrete instance of MyGenericClass could have a possible different value for T, and because of type erasure this information is not retained.
*Note: the fact that the second case cannot be handled by JPA is absolutely reasonable and if you fall in that case you should ask yourself questions about your design. Generics are a great tool to design flexible classes which can handle other classes in a type-safe manner, but type-safe is a programming language concept which has nothing to do with persistance.
Extra : you could use javap to see what really is erasure. Take off annotations from MyGenericClass and compile it.
G:\>javac MyGenericClass.java
G:\>javap -p MyGenericClass
Compiled from "MyGenericClass.java"
public class MyGenericClass extends java.lang.Object{
private java.lang.Object t;
public MyGenericClass(java.lang.Object);
}

We can. if the T implements Serializable
#Entity
public class IgsSubject extends BasicObject implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5387429446192609471L;
#MappedSuperclass
public class IgsBasicLog<T> extends BasicObject {
#ManyToOne
#JoinColumn(name = "ITEM_ID")
private T item;
#Entity
public class IgsLogA extends IgsBasicLog<IgsSubject> implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8207430344929724212L;
}

Related

Can I use the Lombok #Builder passing the parent class as parameter?

I want to create a new Child instance passing a Parent and other additional parameters.
For example if I have:
public class Parent {
public String param1;
public String param2;
// many parameters
public String paramN;
}
public class Child extends Parent {
public String subValue;
}
With lombok, is there a builder that lets me create a Child instance passing the Parent and the missing value as parameters?
Would be easier if I could write something like:
Parent p = Parent.builder()
.param1("a")
.param2("b")
// many parameters
.paramN("b")
.build();
Child c = Child.builder(p).subValue("c").build();
Other answers don't truly make your client code simply reuse the parent instance you already have. But this is doable. You have two options:
The hard one is to write your custom annotation that does what you want. You can even make it generic so that it works for any classes the have parent/child hierarchy. Have a look at this example. If you feel brave you can raise a feature request on Lombok's github page.
Option two would be to write your custom builder for the child. See example here. In your custom builder in the init step you would be reading a passed in Parent instance, and setup the inherited fields only.
The regular #Builder is not sufficient here, because you are dealing with a class hierarchy. However, #SuperBuilder was made exactly for such a case.
#SuperBuilder generates complex code loaded with generics. That makes this solution difficult to understand without in-depth knowledge about the code #SuperBuilder generates. You should think about whether this is worth it.
Here's the solution (with Lombok >= 1.18.16):
#SuperBuilder(toBuilder = true)
public static class Parent {
public String param1;
public String param2;
// many parameters
public String paramN;
public abstract static class ParentBuilder<C extends Parent, B extends Parent.ParentBuilder<C, B>> {
protected B $fillValuesFromParent(Parent instance) {
$fillValuesFromInstanceIntoBuilder(instance, this);
return self();
}
}
}
#SuperBuilder(toBuilder = true)
public static class Child extends Parent {
public String subValue;
public static ChildBuilder<?, ?> toBuilder(Parent p) {
return new ChildBuilderImpl().$fillValuesFromParent(p);
}
}
The new toBuilder method on Child creates a new ChildBuilderImpl (which will create a Child instance when calling build()). To fill the values from the given Parent p, it calls the new $fillValuesFromParent method from ParentBuilder. This method further delegates the call to the method $fillValuesFromInstanceIntoBuilder, which is generated by Lombok and performs the actual copying of the field values to the new builder instance.
Also note the $ prefix on the methods. This basically says: I'm an implementation detail; don't use me unless you know what you are doing, I might break on the next Lombok version without further notice.
I would suggest you use #SuperBuilder
#SuperBuilder was introduced as experimental feature in lombok v1.18.2.
The #SuperBuilder annotation produces complex builder APIs for your
classes. In contrast to #Builder, #SuperBuilder also works with fields
from superclasses. However, it only works for types. Most importantly,
it requires that all superclasses also have the #SuperBuilder
annotation.
#Getter
#SuperBuilder
public class Parent {
public String name;
public String value;
}
#Getter
#SuperBuilder
public class Child extends Parent {
public String subValue;
}
Then all you need to do is
Child.builder().name("a").value("b").subValue("c").build();

Dynamic index naming with class name

I'm creating a framework for spring-data-elasticsearch as a practice project.
My question is about the #Document tag that will create the index based on the name provided in indexName parameter of annotation.
However, I'm thinking is it possible to make it dynamic! In most of my usecases, the index name will match the class name. All my index classes will extend a abstract class which has generic implementation for all the and specific implementations needs to be done in the entity class.
This means, I have to maintain the #Document annotation for every entity. But since all the entities will extend a particular abstract class, is it possible to annotate the abstract class and somehow tell spring to use the class name as index name.
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
#Document(indexName = "BaseClassName OR something like Animal.getName" /*And other index properties of-course*/)
abstract class Animal {
String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public abstract String makeSomeNoise();
}
All the concrete class that extends the Animals will be indexed in Elasticserch.
abstract class TwoLeggedAnimals extends Animal {}
abstract class FourLeggedAnimals extends Animal {}
The above two are just the grouping classes. For the sake of the example
class Duck extends TwoLeggedAnimals {
public Duck() {
this.name = Duck.class.getSimpleName();
}
#Override
public String makeSomeNoise() {
return "quack";
}
}
Class Duck extends TwoLeggedAnimals which in turn extends the "Animals" class and thus, Duck qualifies for index creation.
The same explanation for Horse class
class Horse extends FourLeggedAnimals {
Horse() {
this.name = Horse.class.getSimpleName();
}
#Override
public String makeSomeNoise() {
return "neigh";
}
}
You did not write what your specific problem or error is and what ES version you are using.
You can put the #Document annotation with the index name on an abstract baseclass and then use a derived class to store your entites into the index without adding some annotation on your derived class; this works with no problems.
But you cannot store different types (like TwoLeggedAnimals and FourLeggedAnimals) in the same index since Elasticsearch 6.0 (see ES 6.0 breaking changes). Your program will work as long as you are using one type, as soon as you try to store the second type, you will get
Elasticsearch exception [type=illegal_argument_exception, reason=Rejecting mapping update to [animals] as the final mapping would have more than 1 type: [twoleggedanimal, fourleggedanimal]]
The last 5.x version 5.6 had support until 2019-03-11 (Elastic end of life dates), so that's not supported anymore.
So, as it is not possible to store more than one type in an index, you will have to rethink your classes and how you store them - please check ES removal of types as well, if the alternatives outlined there might help you.

How to force Spring Data to create query methods with entity runtime type?

I've got around 5 objects that I want to do similar things with.
I figured out that not to polute the code I will put a logic for those objects in one place.
public class MetaObjectController<T extends MetaObject> {
#Autowired
private final MetaObjectRepository<T> repository;
// generic logic
Here's how repository looks:
public interface MetaObjectRepository<T extends MetaObject> extends GraphRepository<T> {
T findByName(String name);
}
Now, I create concrete class which uses delegation:
public class ExperimentalController {
#Autowired
private final MetaObjectController<MetaCategory> metaController;
#RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public void add(#RequestBody MetaCategory toAdd) {
metaController.add(toAdd);
}
Now, when I look at the generated queries I see, that although instantiated correctly, repository puts MetaObject as an entity name instead of runtime type.
Is there a way to force the repository to use runtime type?
Please don't advise to put a #Query annnotation. That's not what I am looking for.
This is most probably due to type erasure: at runtime there is only the type constraint available which is MetaObject. If you want to use (via spring-data) the actually relevant subclass you will have to create explicit interfaces of the MetaObjectRepository like this:
public class Transmogrifier extends MetaObject
public interface MetaTransmogrifierRepository
extends MetaObjectRepository<Transmogrifier> {}

Add Java class to existing inheritance hierarchy in JPA with Hibernate

I have an abstract base class with existing subclasses that is mostly used for defining a number of common fields and associated methods. I have a separate concrete class that "organically evolved" (i.e., bad design due to unforeseen feature requests) to end up with all the same fields defined in that abstract subclass.
Is there any way of having that separate class extend the abstract class and carry over the data of existing stored instances of that separate class? I would like to use InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE, but if another strategy makes it easier or possible, I guess that's fine too.
Also, those are entities referenced in other entities (OneToMany). Is that a problem? Hibernate uses only one global sequence for assigning entity ids - so it should in theory be possible to not break those references even if the data is moved to another table, right?
Already tried a few things, but no luck so far (e.g., add the "extend" to the separate class, hard-code it to use the same table as the base class, manually add a field for the discriminator...).
I am also happy about any pointers to examples/docs on how to carry out class hierarchy changes and other data model changes with JPA/Hibernate without losing data!
So, here's a simplified example of the situation. Base is the abstract base class that already has sub-classes.
#Entity
#Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
#Table(name = "Base")
public abstract class Base {
private long persistenceId;
private String privateField;
#Id
#GeneratedValue
public long getPersistenceId() {
return persistenceId;
}
public void setPersistenceId(long persistenceId) {
this.persistenceId = persistenceId;
}
[...]
}
#Entity
public class SubclassToBe {
private long persistenceId;
private String privateField;
private String someFieldNotInBaseClass;
#Override
#Id
#GeneratedValue
public long getPersistenceId() {
return persistenceId;
}
#Override
public void setPersistenceId(long persistenceId) {
this.persistenceId = persistenceId;
}
[...]
}
The goal would be to have SubclassToBe inherit from Base, removing the definitions of shared fields but keeping the information stored there. And at the same time, not break references to the persistence ids of SubclassToBe objects that are used in other objects as part of OneToMany relations.

Hibernate using DetachedCriteria with interfaces

Using Hibernate 3.6.8.Final and Spring 3.0.5.RELEASE , I'm trying to add some Common DAO functionality for classes that have multiple implementations overridden higher up to implement the specific classes however it doesn't work for DetachedCriteria.
Example:
In base class:
public interface ICat {
public void setMeowSound(String meow);
public String getMeowSound();
}
Then each inherited project would define the hibernate annotations.
e.g.
#Entity
#Table(name="SQUAWKY_CATS")
public class SquawkyMeowingCat implements ICat, Serializable {
#Id
#Column(name="SQUAWK_NAME")
private String meow;
public String getMeowSound() {
return meow;
}
public void setMeowString(String meow) {
this.meow = meow;
}
}
This means I can use:
Criteria criteria = Session.createCriteria(ICat.class);
And Spring/Hibernate knows that it pulls the annotations for ICat from the concrete inheritance in the particular project.
However if I try to do:
DetachedCriteria subQuery = DetachedCriteria.forClass(ICat.class,"inner"); // etcetera
then I get an Unknown entity at runtime for ICat.
Now this makes sense as in the first instance is creating it off the Session so it has all the configuration that it needs whereas the DetachedCriteria is a static method however it errors when trying to do the
criteria.list()
by which time it has picked up the Session and should know that ICat is actually a SquawkyMeowingCat which has all the annotations.
So my questions are two part:
1) Is this known behaviour and will be like this forever more?
2) Can anyone think of a simple way around it without using an Interface and concrete ClassHolder which hands back the instance of the class it needs to create?
I'm not sure about the case of the DetachedCriteria, but one way to avoid explicit dependence on the concrete class might be to query Hibernate's metadata using the interface:
public <T> Class<? extends T> findEntityClassForEntityInterface(
SessionFactory sessionFactory,
Class<T> entityInterface
) {
for (ClassMetadata metadata : sessionFactory.getAllClassMetadata().values()) {
Class entityClass = metadata.getMappedClass(EntityMode.POJO);
if (entityInterface.isAssignableFrom(entityClass)) {
return entityClass;
}
}
return null;
}
With the usual caveats about the robustness of illustrative code spippets.

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