Selenium WebDriver - What is "Selenium Client & WebDriver Language Bindings" - java

In the selenium download page, I see a section "Selenium Client & WebDriver Language Bindings"
1) What is a Language Binding? and
2) What is a Client Driver?
(I am not from from a technical background)
Can someone please explain the following taken from selenium download page :(http://docs.seleniumhq.org/download/)
*
In order to create scripts that interact with the Selenium Server
(Selenium RC, Selenium Remote Webdriver) or create local Selenium
WebDriver script you need to make use of language-specific client
drivers. These languages include both 1.x and 2.x style clients. While
language bindings for other languages exist, these are the core ones
that are supported by the main project hosted on google code.
*

Some of that documentation is old. It comes from the old Selenium 1.x versions. Selenium WebDriver is much different now, with 2.x versions (the latest being 2.31). Selenium 2.x versions have bindings hidden from your view. You define capabilities and start a new RemoteWebDriver and the Hub+Node handles the binding under the covers.
Now, to interact similar to RC you need:
1. To start a Grid Hub on port 4444
2. Start 1 Node Hub on port 5555 on either your local machine or a remote machine. It has configuration that tells it how to connect to the Hub.
3. In your script, start a new client using:
URL hubURL = new URL("127.0.0.1:4444"); // always use IP address
DesiredCapabilities capability = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
RemoteWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(hubURL), capability);
I have an example project you can try here.

2) What is a Client Driver?
Selenium uses many client drivers java,python.... so to work with each programming language there is a different driver.This is nothing but a JAR in my understanding.

Related

Edge driver untrusted cert capability (Selenium)

I'm doing automated tests in browsers, using Selenium Grid architecture and I use JSON configuration files to setup the nodes.
Is there any capability for Microsoft Edge driver similar to acceptSslCerts ? This option doesn't work I just tested it.
There's no documentation about it on DesiredCapabilities documentation and I cannot find it in Edge Webdriver documentation
C# code, but can be easily adapted to Java:
var edgeOptions = new EdgeOptions();
//Set Internet Explorer browser to accept the SSL Certificates by default
edgeOptions.AddAdditionalCapability(CapabilityType.IsJavaScriptEnabled, true);
edgeOptions.AddAdditionalCapability(CapabilityType.AcceptSslCertificates, true);

why we need to download browser(IE,Chrome) drivers

In order to execute test scripts on diff browsers, we download specific browser driver from seleniumhq.com and run the scripts.
This code works fine as it should:
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "C:\\Users\\Public\\CIO\\resources\\iedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
driver.get("www.mywebsite.com");
When I already have IE Executable -'iexplore.exe' on my machine, can't selenium webdriver use that to launch IE?
Why do we specifically download IEDriver from seleniumhq.com here?
C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe
I tried to even setup that up and ran the program. Browser got launched with address as --port=1234/ however it could not navigate to respective website and eventually threw exception:
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException:
Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or
browser start-up failure.
Build info: version: '2.28.0', revision: '18309', time: '2012-12-11 20:21:18'
The "Browser Drivers" are servers that implement the WebDriver's wire protocol, and know how to convert those commands into the specific browser's proprietary native API.
The WebDriver site explains:
Selenium-WebDriver makes direct calls to the browser using each
browser’s native support for automation. How these direct calls are
made, and the features they support depends on the browser you are
using.
For example, the ChromeDriver wiki describes it as follows:
The ChromeDriver consists of three separate pieces. There is the
browser itself ("chrome"), the language bindings provided by the
Selenium project ("the driver") and an executable downloaded from the
Chromium project which acts as a bridge between "chrome" and the
"driver".
Essentially, the browser doesn't know how to "talk" WebDriver Wire Protocol, and the WebDriver doesn't know how to "talk" Browser API. In fact, each Browser has its own native API. The "browser driver" knows how to interpret the Wire Protocol and invoke that browser's API.

When i run selenium webdriver code Firefox webdriver not starting through given webaddress

When i tried to start on Firefox web driver its not starting its showing firefox default page
WebDriver dr = new FirefoxDriver();
dr.get("https://www.google.co.in/");
dr.manage().window().maximize();
its not starting its showing firefox default page
Below i attach output image screenshot
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/43.0.4/firstrun/learnmore/
Firefox is one of the most compatible browsers with selemium, and at the same time, is one of the least compatible.
I say this because if you do not have the correct version of the selenium library to go with the version of firefox you are running, or vice-versa, it will always fail.
I would start by attempting to switch to a different version of Firefox. Selenium version 2.48.0 supports Firefox versions 24-41, so if your firefox version does not fit within that range, it is more than likely the problem.
I faced the same issue. The solution to this problem is to update the selenium version. When the page u mentioned i.e https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/43.0.4/firstrun/learnmore/ opens on firefox launch go to Options -> Addons -> Extensions. You will be able to see the Error there. I got "Forefox Webdriver could not be loaded and is disabled".
This was on Firefox 43 with selenium 2.44. Updating to selenium 2.51 rectified the issue.
Sorry, I cannot comment yet but I would like to help. I got the similar issue when I used selenium webdriver integrated in my python script. The problem was with credentials (particularly with the SSL protocols while declaring a new webdriver object). The code I used looked as the following:
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path = "/opt/local/bin/phantomjs", service_args=['--ignore-ssl-errors=true'])
As you can see I use a key that ignores ssl errors. This solved my issue, so I am not sure what platform you use to write the code but hope you can find the similar call for the object.
I found the way how people handle untrusted certificates here. Particularly, for FireFox:
//It creates firefox profile
FirefoxProfile profile=new FirefoxProfile();
// This will set the true value
profile.setAcceptUntrustedCertificates(true);
// This will open firefox browser using above created profile
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("pass the url as per your requirement");
Hope it helps you!
Best.
-Petr.
Try this.. This will resolve the issue..
FirefoxProfile fpi = new FirefoxProfile();
fpi.setPreference("browser.startup.homepage_override.mstone", "ignore");
fpi.setPreference("startup.homepage_welcome_url.additional", "about:blank");
wd = new FirefoxDriver(fpi);
wd.get("http://www.google.com");
if you want to over-ride the properties of firefox, then,
1.first to find the list of browser properties, type "about:config" in the address url
2.use, setPreference method to set/assign the values..

Selenium can't start session because url doesn't support http post

I'm trying to run some Selenium tests for an application while it is started, but am getting a runtime exception:
Could not start Selenium session: HTTP method POST is not supported by this URL
The application we made has no need for a POST method. Is there any way to make Selenium work without needlessly implementing one? Why is it required in the first place?
The parameters to pass for DefaultSelenium are as follows according to the api documentation:
serverHost - the host name on which the Selenium Server resides
serverPort - the port on which the Selenium Server is listening
browserString - the command string used to launch the browser
browserURL - the starting URL including just a domain name
You need to direct it to where an instance of your selenium server is running (which could be remotely or locally). I am going to guess that localhost:8080 is where you have deployed a separate application that you want to test with selenium.
So, the details you provide are for the selenium server, not for your application. If you download the standalone server and run it locally, you only need to change the port to match that of the selenium server instance. You can download the selenium standalone server from their main website, and when you run it, it will tell you the port that it uses (by default it is 4444).
Why not just use WebDriver instead?
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("URL")
You can read more about how to use it on the documentation page on the selenium website.

Can't test a remote HTML/CSS/JS/Java website with Cucumber + Selenium Webdriver + Chrome + Capybara

I'm trying to test with Cucumber + Selenium + Capybara a remote HTML/CSS/JS website which uses a Java .
The website works fine on the Chrome browser, but when I launch my test, the Chrome browser is launched on the website, but the Java applet is not loaded at all.
Looks like the Chrome browser environment launched by Webdriver does not load any third party chrome plugins like Java.
Is there any way to circumvent this ?
Thanks in advance, best regards
Geoffroy
You can load a custom profile with the following code:
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches", Arrays.asList("--user-data-dir=/path/to/profile/directory"));
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
See the selenium chrome documentation: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver
You can maybe try Selenium Remote Control instead of Webdriver. I haven't personally tried Selenium RC with third party tools, but it could an option to try while you're looking for alternatives.

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