So I have a MapReduce job that takes in multiple news articles and outputs the following key value pairs.
.
.
.
<article_id, social_tag.name, social_tag.isCompany, social_tag.code>
<article_id2, social_tag2.name, social_tag2.isCompany, social_tag.code>
<article_id, topic_code.name, topic_code.isCompany, topic_code.rcsCode>
<article_id3, social_tag3.name, social_tag3.isCompany, social_tag.code>
<article_id2, topic_code2.name, topic_code2.isCompany, topic_code2.rcsCode>
.
.
.
As you can see, there are two main different types of data rows that I am currently outputting and right now, these get mixed up in the flat files outputted by mapreduce. Is there anyway I can simply output social_tags to file1 and topic_codes to file2 OR maybe output social_tags to a specified group of files(social1.txt, social2.txt ..etc) and topic_codes to another group (topic1.txt, topic2.txt...etc)
The reason I'm asking this is so that I can store all these into a Hive table later on easily. I preferably would want to have a separate table for each different data type(topic_code, social_tag,... etc.) If any of you guys know a simple way to achieve this without separating the mapreduce output to different files, that would be really helpful too.
Thanks in advance!
You can use MultipleOutputs as already suggested.
As you have asked for a simple way to achieve this without separating the mapreduce output to different files. Here is a quick way, if the amount of data is not real huge !!!. And the logic to differentiate the data is not too complex.
First load the mixed output file into a hive table (say main_table). Then you can create two different tables (topic_code, social_tag), and insert the data from the main table after filtering it by where clause.
hive > insert into table topic_code
> select * from main_table
> where $condition;
// $condition = the logic you would use to differentiate the records in the MR job
I think you can try MultipleOutputs present in hadoop API. MultipleOutputs allows you to write data to files whose names are derived from the
output keys and values, or in fact from an arbitrary string. This allows each reducer (or
mapper in a map-only job) to create more than a single file. File names are of the form
name-m-nnnnn for map outputs and name-r-nnnnn for reduce outputs, where name is an
arbitrary name that is set by the program, and nnnnn is an integer designating the part
number, starting from zero.
In the reducer, where we generate the output, we construct an instance of MultipleOutputs in the setup()method and assign it to an instance variable. We then use the
MultipleOutputsinstance in the reduce()method to write to the output, in place of the
context. The write()method takes the key and value, as well as a name.
You can look into the below link for details
http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/current/api/org/apache/hadoop/mapred/lib/MultipleOutputs.html
Related
I need to do data reconciliation in Hadoop based on key comparisons. That means I will have old data in one folder and the newer data will be put into different folders. At the end of the batch I was planning simply on moving the newer data to reside with the old one. The data would be json files from which I have to extract the keys.
I'm taking my first steps with Hadoop so I just wanna do it with MapReduce program only, i.e. without tools such as Spark, Pig, Hive etc. I was thinking of simply going through all the old data at the beginning of the program, before Job object creation, and putting all the IDs into a Java HashMap that would be accessible from the mapper task. If there's a key missing in the newer data, the mapper would output that. The reducer would concern itself with categories of the IDs that are missing but that's another story. After the job has finished, I would move the newer data into old data's folder.
The only thing that I find a bit clunky is this loading phase into Java HashMap object. This is not probably the most elegant solution so I was wondering if MapReduce model has some dedicated data structures/functionality for that kind of purpose (populating a global hash map with all the data from HDFS before the first map task is run)?
I think solution with HashMap is not a good idea. You can use few inputs for your command.
Depends on input file mapper can understand if this data is new and write it with suitable value. Then reducer will check if this data is contained only in "new input" and write this data.
So as result of job you will get only new data.
I have two Mapper Classes which take some files from the same folder as input and based on the name of the file which has a timestamp determines which mapper the file has to be given as an Input. At times it so happens that the same input file is to be given as an input to two different Mappers. Now I've tested it to work when two different inputs are given to both Mappers but When I give them the same input , then one of the Mapper class doesn't generate the result to be used for comparison in the reducer.
The code is enormous so instead of putting it here , I'll describe what I had done. I created two lists and scanning through the files in the directory and based on the names of the files which have timestamps , I put them in two different lists and then add them to two different Mappers i.e. both of them are computed differently so I use different Mappers to compute , which is then used to compare in the reducer, but when it is the same Input file as the time criteria for both mappers is almost same one of the mapper doesn't generate any result. So is it because one mapper is not able to access the file because the other is using it and if that is the case is there any way around it.
Here MapPath1 is one list while MapPath2 is another
for(i=0;i<MapPath1.size();i++)
MultipleInputs.addInputPath(job,new Path(MapPath1.get(i)),TextInputFormat.class,Map1.class);
if(type.equals("comparative"))
for(i=0;i<MapPath2.size();i++)
MultipleInputs.addInputPath(job,new Path(MapPath2.get(i)),TextInputFormat.class,Map2.class);
Update
I just Found this question ( Multiple mappers in hadoop ) to be similar to mine but I don't want to be duplicating the input file as it can be large. Can any one direct me on how can I create two separate jobs using different Mappers and provide it to a single reducer.
one of the Mapper class doesn't generate the result to be used for comparison in the reducer.
My guess that both the mappers are getting launched on the same task tracker node and intermediate mapper output location is shared by both the mapper task - You should check the task tracker nodes where these map tasks are launched to confirm this.
Also you should run mapper(s) only job, by setting number of reduce tasks to zero and check the output - this is to confirm that mapper are not sharing output directories.
To give solution to your problem - it sounds like you are passing same file to both the mappers and data from both the mappers given to single reducer. This has some duplication, Is your job output ok to have this duplication?
I'm writing a Pig script that looks as follows:
...
myGroup = group simplifiedJoinData by (dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4);
betterGroup = foreach myGroup {
value1Value2 = foreach simplifiedJoinedGroup generate value1, value2;
distinctValue1Value2 = DISTINCT value1Value2; generate group, distinctValue1Value2;
}
store betterGroup into '/myHdfsPath/myMultiStorageTest' using MyMultiStorage('output', '0', 'none' );
Please note that the schema of simplifiedJoinData is simplifiedJoinedGroup: {dir1: long,dir2: long,dir3: chararray,dir4: chararray,value1: chararray,value2: chararray}
It uses a custom storage class (MyMultiStorage - basically a modified version of MultiStorage in the piggybank) that writes multiple output files. The custom storage class expects that the values passed to it are in the following format:
{group:(dir1:long,dir2:long,dir3:chararray,dir4:chararray), bag:{(value1:chararrary,value2:chararray)}}
What I'd like the custom storage class to do is output multiple files as follows:
dir/dir2/dir3/dir4/value1_values.txt
dir/dir2/dir3/dir4/value2_values.txt
where the value1_values.txt contains all the value1 values and value2_values.txt contains all the value2 values. Ideally I would prefer not to write multiple part files that have to be combined later (Note that the example has been simplified for the purposes of this discussion. The real output files are binary structures that can't be combined with a simple cat). I have this working for small data sets; however, when I run with larger data sets, I run into issues where I get exceptions in Hadoop that the output file name already exists or that it is already being created:
java.io.IOException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.AlreadyBeingCreatedException
I suspect that this is because mutiple mappers or reducers are attempting to write the same file, and I am not using part IDs in the filename as PigStorage does. However, I would have expected that by grouping the data, I'd only have one record for each dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4 combination, and, as such, only one mapper or reducer would be attempting to write a particular file for a given run. I've tried running without speculative execution for both map and reduce tasks, but that seems to have had no effect. Clearly I don't understand what's going on here.
My question is: Why am I getting the AlreadyBeingCreatedException?
If there is no way for me to have a single reducer write all data for each record, it would be acceptable to have to write multiple parts output files in a directory (one per reducer) and combine them after the fact. It just wouldn't be ideal. However, as of yet, I have not been able to determine the proper way to have the custom storage class determine a unique filename, and I still end up with multiple reducers trying to create/write the same file. Is there a particular method in the job configuration or context that would allow me to coordinate parts accross the job?
Thanks in advance for any help you can provide.
Turns out that there was a condition where I was generating the same file name due to a tuple parsing error. I was getting the AlreadyBeingCreatedException for that exact reason.
Nothing wrong with the custom store function, or approaching the problem in this manner. Just a silly mistake on my part!
I have a job for hadoop. When the job is stated, i have some number of mappers started. And each mapper write some file to disk, like part-m-00000, part-m-00001. As I understand, each mapper create one part file. I have big amount of data, so there must be more than one mapper, but can I somehow control number of this output files? I mean, hadoop will start, for example 10 mappers, but there will be only three part files?
I found this post
How do multiple reducers output only one part-file in Hadoop?
But there is using old version of hadoop library. I'm using classes from org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.* and not from org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*
I'm using hadoop version 0.20, and hadoop-core:1.2.0.jar
Is there any possibility to do this, using new hadoop API?
The number of output files equals to the number of reducers or the number of the mappers if there aren't any reducers.
You can add a single reducer to your job so that the output from all the mappers will be directed to it and your get a single output file. Note that will be less efficient as all the data (output of mappers) will be sent over the wire (network IO) to the node where the reducer will run. Also since a single process will (eventually) get all the data it would probably run slower.
By the wat,the fact that there are multiple parts shouldn't be very significant as you can pass the directory containing them to subsequent jobs
Im not sure you can do it (your link is about multiple outputs not converging to only one), and why use only one output ? you will lose all parallelism on sort ?
Im also working on big files (~10GB each) and my MR process almost 100GB each. So to lower Map numbers, I set a higher value of block size in hdfs (applies only to newer files) and a higher value of mapred.min.split.size in mapred-site.xml
You might want to look at MultipleOutputFormat
Part of what Javadoc says:
This abstract class extends the FileOutputFormat, allowing to write
the output data to different output files.
Both Mapper and Reducer can use this.
Check this link for how you can specify a output file name or more from different mappers to output to HDFS.
NOTE: And, moreover, make sure you don't use context.write() so that, 10 files from 10 mapper don't get created. Use only MultipleOutputFormat to output.
If the job has no reducers, partitioners and combiners, each mapper outputs one output file. At some point, you should run some post processing to collect the outputs into large file.
I want to create a file in HDFS that has a bunch of lines, each generated by a different call to map. I don't care about the order of the lines, just that they all get added to the file. How do I accomplish this?
If this is not possible, then is there a standard way to generate unique file names to put each line of output into a separate file?
There is no way to append to an existing file in hadoop at the moment, but that's not what it sounds like you want to do anyway. It sounds like you want to have the output from your Map Reduce job go to a single file, which is quite possible. The number of output files is (less than or) equal to the number of reducers, so if you set your number of reducers to 1, you'll get a single file of output.
Before you go and do that however, think if that's what you really want. You'll be creating a bottle neck in your pipeline where it needs to pass all your data through a single machine for that reduce. Within the HDFS distributed file system, the difference between having one file and having several files is pretty transparent. If you want a single file outside the cluster, you might do better to use getmerge from the file system tools.
Both your map and reduce functions should output the lines. In other words, your reduce function is a pass through function that doesn't do much. Set the number of reducers to 1. The output will be a list of all the lines in one file.