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A loop in action performed method Doesn't Working in java [closed]

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Question: Write JFrame that when you press the "start" button draws, and keep drawing random colored and sized filled ovals until the "stop" button is pressed.
Problem: loop inside the actionPerformed method() Doesn't Work.
The Code:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class p6 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
String str;
JButton start,stop;
int h=0,w=0;
p6()
{
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setSize(1500,1000);
start= new JButton("Start");
stop= new JButton("Stop");
setLayout(null);
start.setBounds(500, 50, 100,30);
stop.setBounds(610, 50, 100,30);
add(start);
add(stop);
start.addActionListener(this);
stop.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
String c=ae.getActionCommand();
if(c=="Start")
{
while(c!="Stop")
{
h+=20;
w+=20;
}
repaint();
}
str=" "+h+" "+w;
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
super.paintComponents(g);
g.drawString(str, 100, 100);
//g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);
g.drawOval((int)Math.random()*2000,(int) Math.random()*2000, w,h);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new p6();
}
}

Let's start with How do I compare strings in Java?. This is pretty basic Java 101 and something you REALLY need to understand.
The move onto Concurrency in Swing. Swing is a single threaded. This means that any long running or blocking operations executed within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread will cause the app to "hang" and prevent any further possible updates or interaction.
Swing is also not thread safe, which means that you should only ever update the UI or state the UI depends on, from within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread.
This might seem like a dilemma, but Swing also provides a useful tool to help work with these constraints, see How to user Swing Timer for more details.
Swing also has a well defined and documented painting process, see Painting in AWT and Swing and Performing Custom Painting to get a better understand of how painting works in Swing and how you're suppose to work with it
It is generally recommended not to override the paint method of top level containers (like JFrame). These tend to be composite components and trying to paint on them tends to end up not working very well.
Image from How to Use Root Panes
And you really should make the time to learn how to use layout managers, see Laying Out Components Within a Container. They will save many hours of frustration. The following examples makes use of both a BorderLayout and CardLayout.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Test();
}
public Test() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.add(new TestPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel {
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private JPanel showPane;
private DrawingPane drawingPane;
public TestPane() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
showPane = new JPanel(cardLayout);
showPane.add(new EmptyPane(), "Empty");
drawingPane = new DrawingPane();
showPane.add(drawingPane, "Drawing");
cardLayout.show(showPane, "Empty");
add(showPane);
JButton startButton = new JButton("Start");
JButton stopButton = new JButton("Stop");
stopButton.setEnabled(false);
JPanel actionsPane = new JPanel();
actionsPane.add(startButton);
actionsPane.add(stopButton);
add(actionsPane, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
startButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
startButton.setEnabled(false);
stopButton.setEnabled(true);
drawingPane.start();
cardLayout.show(showPane, "Drawing");
}
});
stopButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
startButton.setEnabled(true);
stopButton.setEnabled(false);
drawingPane.stop();
cardLayout.show(showPane, "Empty");
}
});
}
}
public class EmptyPane extends JPanel {
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(400, 400);
}
}
public class DrawingPane extends JPanel {
private int h = 0, w = 0;
private Timer timer;
private Random rnd = new Random();
public DrawingPane() {
}
public void start() {
if (timer == null) {
timer = new Timer(500, new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
h += 20;
w += 20;
repaint();
}
});
}
timer.start();
}
public void stop() {
if (timer != null) {
timer.stop();
}
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(400, 400);
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
if (w < getWidth() && h < getHeight()) {
x = rnd.nextInt(0, getWidth() - w);
y = rnd.nextInt(0, getHeight() - w);
}
g2d.drawOval(x, y, w, h);
g2d.dispose();
}
}
}
Why make use of CardLayout?
Based on the original code, when not painting, nothing is shown. So I made use of a CardLayout to switch to an "empty" state. Now, it wouldn't be very hard to derive a model to hold the state information and share that between the "empty" and "running" states and show something different on the "empty" state. Equally, we could make use of the glassPane, but I think we're drifting of course.
The purpose is to demonstrate ONE possible solution for showing different states.
Why use two different panes?
First, we don't "need" EmptyPane, we could get away with just an instance of JPanel, but, if you wanted to display something else when not drawing, this is one approach you could take.
The original code had a if statement which means that when not drawing, nothing is painted, so why waste the time and instead just show a "empty" pane instead.
Again, this is just a demonstration of one possible solution.

You have to add these lines before actionPerformed method,
start.setActionCommand("start");
stop.setActionCommand("stop");

Timer in for loop java swing [duplicate]

Ok, so the program's purpose is to just draw and oval and move it across the screen. The code compiles on Eclipse without an error, but when run, no oval is drawn or moved across the screen. I have been researching, and it seems that threads have to do a lot with this, but do I need one for this simple program? I am obviously new to GUI programming with Swing so I would appreciate an explanation or link to one for any additions to the program regarding threads or such related concepts.
public class Game extends JPanel
{
int x =0;
int y =0;
private void moveBall()
{
x+=1;
y+=1;
}
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
super.paint(g);
g.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Animation");
Game game = new Game();
frame.add(game);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setSize(300,400);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setResizable(false);
while (true)
{
game.moveBall();
game.repaint();
}
}
}

The likely problem is, that thread is running too fast for the UI, the UI is been shown well after the "ball" has left the visible area.
You need to do a couple of things...
First, you need to make sure that the updates are scheduled properly within the Event Dispatching Thread and secondly, that there is a short delay between updates. For example, 25fps is about a 40 millisecond delay between updates, 60fps is about 16 milliseconds
There are a number of ways to achieve this, depending what it is you hope to achieve, for example, you could simply use Thread.sleep to cause the thread to pause for a small amount of time between updates. The problem with this is Swing is not thread safe and all updates to the UI should be made within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread.
While you program is only simply, it's possible that a paint cycle could run while you updating it's state, resulting in a dirty update.
Another solution might be to use a Swing Timer which will allow you schedule updates at a regular interval which are triggered within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread, making it safer to use.
Have a look at Concurrency in Swing and How to use Swing Timers for more details.
As an example...
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class BallAnimation {
/**
* #param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new BallAnimation();
}
public BallAnimation() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new TestPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel {
private int x = 0;
private int y = 0;
public TestPane() {
Timer timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
moveBall();
repaint();
}
});
timer.start();
}
protected void moveBall() {
x++;
y++;
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
g2d.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30);
g2d.dispose();
}
}
}
As a side note, unless you really have reason to do so, you should avoid overriding paint and instead use paintComponent

try your loop with sleep as simplest way to fit your code. main is actually a thread. and JFrame creates its own thread.
while (true)
{
game.moveBall();
game.repaint();
try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (Exception e){}
}
and I just realized, you dont paint your whole screen with a default color.
change your paint method to this
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
super.paint(g);
g.setColor(Color.white); //default color
g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); // fill whole canvas
g.setColor(Color.black); //change color
g.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30); // draw oval
}

Java Applet - How to add double-buffering to JButton

I am currently using the Applet class to create a simple game. Because there is a flickering effect, I've added double-buffering for Graphics components by creating an off-screen buffer like so:
public class AppletTest extends Applet implements Runnable {
Thread thread;
Image img;
Graphics gfx;
public final int WIDTH = 700, HEIGHT = 500;
public void init() {
this.resize(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
img = createImage(WIDTH, HEIGHT); // off-screen buffering
gfx = img.getGraphics();
}
public void draw(Graphics g) {
gfx.setColor(Color.BLACK);
gfx.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
gfx.setColor(Color.WHITE);
gfx.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
gfx.setFont(new Font("Century", Font.BOLD, 30));
gfx.drawString("I feel good sometimes I don't", 200, 200);
g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, this); // draws the off-screen image
}
public void update(Graphics g) {
draw(g);
}
public void run() {
while(true) {
repaint();
try {
Thread.sleep(5);
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
If you run the application, all the Graphics (.fillRect, .drawString, etc.) components/methods are drawn on the off-screen buffer. However, my goal is to add a JButton to the applet - and as expected, there's no off-screen loading for the JButton component (which means flickering).
Graphics gfx;
JButton button1;
public void draw(Graphics g) {
setLayout(null);
button1.setBounds(225, 400, 250, 50);
button1.setFont(new Font("Courier", Font.PLAIN, 17));
button1.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
button1.setBackground(Color.DARK_GRAY);
add(button1); // is it possible to draw the JButton on the off-screen buffer?
}
How would you add off-screen loading to a JButton component?

Applet (and JApplet) are officially deprecated, they are no longer supported by Java, Oracle, Browsers (or the community generally)
Swing components are, by default, double buffered. If you work with the painting system correctly, you shouldn't experience any flickering, if you do, it's clear sign that you're doing something wrong.
I would recommend having a look at Performing Custom Painting and Painting in AWT and Swing for more details about how the Swing painting system works.
Swing is single threaded AND not thread safe. This means that you should not perform any long running operations within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread and you should not update the UI from outside the context of the EDT.
Have a look at Concurrency in Swing for more details.
A simple solution to these problems is to make use a Swing Timer, which can be used to schedule regular updates which are executed within the context of the EDT.
See How to Use Swing Timers for more details...
As a basic runnable example...
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Test();
}
public Test() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.add(new TestPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public static class TestPane extends JPanel {
public static final int WIDTH = 700, HEIGHT = 500;
public TestPane() {
setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
add(new JButton("Big fat button"));
Timer timer = new Timer(5, new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
repaint();
}
});
timer.start();
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
g2d.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g2d.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
g2d.setFont(new Font("Century", Font.BOLD, 30));
g2d.drawString("I feel good sometimes I don't", 200, 200);
g2d.dispose();
}
}
}
Okay, "But I absolutely, must, no questions asked, use Applet ... 😓, then I feel sorry for you, but that doesn't change the fact that Swing is already double buffered. The above example could easily be applied to a J/Applet simply by creating an instance of the JPanel and adding to an Applet container
Swing makes use of "passive rendering" algorithm, if you absolutely must be complete control, then you can have a look at BufferStrategy which hands complete control of the painting system over to you, but you won't be able to use Swing components, as they are updated by the Swing sub-system

Simple Java Animation using JFrame and JPanel

Ok, so the program's purpose is to just draw and oval and move it across the screen. The code compiles on Eclipse without an error, but when run, no oval is drawn or moved across the screen. I have been researching, and it seems that threads have to do a lot with this, but do I need one for this simple program? I am obviously new to GUI programming with Swing so I would appreciate an explanation or link to one for any additions to the program regarding threads or such related concepts.
public class Game extends JPanel
{
int x =0;
int y =0;
private void moveBall()
{
x+=1;
y+=1;
}
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
super.paint(g);
g.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Animation");
Game game = new Game();
frame.add(game);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setSize(300,400);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setResizable(false);
while (true)
{
game.moveBall();
game.repaint();
}
}
}

The likely problem is, that thread is running too fast for the UI, the UI is been shown well after the "ball" has left the visible area.
You need to do a couple of things...
First, you need to make sure that the updates are scheduled properly within the Event Dispatching Thread and secondly, that there is a short delay between updates. For example, 25fps is about a 40 millisecond delay between updates, 60fps is about 16 milliseconds
There are a number of ways to achieve this, depending what it is you hope to achieve, for example, you could simply use Thread.sleep to cause the thread to pause for a small amount of time between updates. The problem with this is Swing is not thread safe and all updates to the UI should be made within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread.
While you program is only simply, it's possible that a paint cycle could run while you updating it's state, resulting in a dirty update.
Another solution might be to use a Swing Timer which will allow you schedule updates at a regular interval which are triggered within the context of the Event Dispatching Thread, making it safer to use.
Have a look at Concurrency in Swing and How to use Swing Timers for more details.
As an example...
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class BallAnimation {
/**
* #param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new BallAnimation();
}
public BallAnimation() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.add(new TestPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel {
private int x = 0;
private int y = 0;
public TestPane() {
Timer timer = new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
moveBall();
repaint();
}
});
timer.start();
}
protected void moveBall() {
x++;
y++;
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
g2d.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30);
g2d.dispose();
}
}
}
As a side note, unless you really have reason to do so, you should avoid overriding paint and instead use paintComponent

try your loop with sleep as simplest way to fit your code. main is actually a thread. and JFrame creates its own thread.
while (true)
{
game.moveBall();
game.repaint();
try { Thread.sleep(50); } catch (Exception e){}
}
and I just realized, you dont paint your whole screen with a default color.
change your paint method to this
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
super.paint(g);
g.setColor(Color.white); //default color
g.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight()); // fill whole canvas
g.setColor(Color.black); //change color
g.fillOval(x, y, 30, 30); // draw oval
}

Dynamically change Background Image of a JPanel

Trying ti change the BG image of a jpanel but i cant call poaint on any normal method, it works great when i'm building the constructor but i don't want to rebuild the constructor.
....
Sort of found a solution by putting a label in my center frame and calling setIcon but i need to be able to pull the relelevant info so i need to find a way to store a value into my Jtoggle button (the id of the Race or class so i can fetch it's picture and change the icon)
thoughts? Everything compiles outside the iff statement which is my sticking point
RaceButtons_lft[i] = new JToggleButton();
RaceButtons_lft[i].addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
JToggleButton cb = (JToggleButton)ae.getSource();
for (int j=0; j<MyRaceArray.size(); j++)
{
if (MyRaceArray.get(j).getraceID() == combo_contents.getIndex()){//here is my sticking point, i need to find a way to match MyRaceArray's getRaceID to some value saved withthe Toggle button
final ImageIcon BGCSMs = ScaledImageIcon("Fantasy_Landscape_01.jpg", "Profile Pic", (468-(60*2)), 285);
picLabel.setIcon(BGCSMs);
}//if
}//for
}//action performed;
});//button add action listener

Calling
super.paintComponent(..)
will probably - depending on the super class - fill the component with the background color.
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
// Let UI Delegate paint first, which
// includes background filling since
// this component is opaque.
super.paintComponent(g);
g.drawString("This is my custom Panel!",10,20);
redSquare.paintSquare(g);
}
(see A Closer Look at the Paint Mechanism). You don't need repaint(..) in this case.

You could be suffering from a number of problems, which we can't see because we don't have enough context...
You could have a reference issue, instead of trying to repaint the component on the screen, you've inadvertently gotten the wrong reference...
You could be shadowing your variables...
You could be painting to a opaque component...
Assuming that the code you have posted is linear (ie, it appears in you code in this exact order or close enough to it), I can see one possible problem...
ImageIcon RCicon = createImageIcon(temp_race.getActiveHeadshot(), temp_race.getRaceNameString(race.getraceID()));
Image RCimg = RCicon.getImage();
RCimg = RCimg.getScaledInstance((468-(60*2)), 285, java.awt.Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
portraitCenterOptions.setBackground(Color.White){
protected void paintComponent(Graphics h)
{
//...//
// There is no way that this reference can be valid...
// The image created above will only have a local reference unto itself
// suggestion that you're shadowing your variables...
final ImageIcon bodypicSM = new ImageIcon(RCimg);
//...//
}
};
But without a working example, it's impossible to know...
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class ChangeBackground {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ChangeBackground();
}
public ChangeBackground() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
#Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
}
final PaintPane pane = new PaintPane();
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Test");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(pane);
JButton change = new JButton("Change");
change.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
#Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
pane.changeBackground();
pane.repaint();
}
});
frame.add(change, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class PaintPane extends JPanel {
private BufferedImage bg;
private int changes = 0;
public PaintPane() {
changeBackground();
}
public void changeBackground() {
bg = new BufferedImage(200, 200, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
Graphics2D g = bg.createGraphics();
FontMetrics fm = g.getFontMetrics();
g.setColor(getForeground());
String[] text = {
"I've been changed " + changes + " times",
"Last changed at " + DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance().format(new Date())};
int y = (200 - (fm.getHeight() * 2)) / 2;
for (String value : text) {
int x = (200 - fm.stringWidth(value)) / 2;
g.drawString(value, x, y + fm.getAscent());
y += fm.getHeight();
}
g.dispose();
changes++;
}
#Override
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return new Dimension(200, 200);
}
#Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
int x = (getWidth() - bg.getWidth()) / 2;
int y = (getHeight() - bg.getHeight()) / 2;
g.drawImage(bg, x, y, this);
}
}
}

Call repaint() on the component after you have finished your changes to the background

so ultimately tried a few thing and just got lazy, added a label in the center and called "SetIcon, does what I need it to do, thanks for the ideas though.