I'm making a 3D game, and looking at the best method to have a floor plane as part of the 3D. If you imagine those games like TempleRun, but no turns, where you are moving forwards and the floor is scrolling backwards (towards the user) infinitely.
I already have my 3D object moving around X axis suitably (on a fixed Z plane), but now looking at adding a background, floor, etc.
I've been reading on Decal and Plane but uncertain as to which would be the best approach. I'd have the same floor structure on each level, but with different textures. Does one offer more expandability in the future? Eg, slopes, hills, etc. Each floor structure (whether Decal or Plane) would be repeating endlessly, and I'd see if I can create a fog effect which makes the floor fade with distance. Also it would have a tileable texture (eg grass, tarmac, dirt) which would be repeating backwards.
Perhaps even a static structure, and simply move the texture backwards?
Any thoughts would be great, thanks.
I would say don't go with decals, as these don't react to libgdx's environments (lights, shadow, an so on). And a Plane is just some class that represents plane and can't be rendered at all.
Simples solution: go to blender or any other 3d editing tool of your choice create a plane and apply your tillable texture to it.
Export it as .fbx and convert it to .g3db (libGDX's format).
Load it into your game and and make a couple of copies of it (ModelInstances).
Place those on the floor one after another so that no gap appears and they all form a nice repeating ground.
As your character moves forward check its position on X axis (or whatever axis you want to move on) and if the position is greater than position of your last plane on the floor - some distance than update floor as follows:
Remove the first plane from ground and add it after the last plane that you have.
(Render everything with ModelBatch)
If you have enough of these planes the player wont notice them appearing in the distance. Also use fog to completely hide this transitioning of planes.
The same can be applied not only to planes but repeating hill or any other tillable 3d object.
You could have some Planes made with meshpartbuilder (Like explained here) or even a Model made with an Application like Blender.
As you can create many ModelInstances out of one Model and give them different Materials, you can use the same Model over and over again. So you could create a 4x4 meter (for example) big Model (it will only be 1 face) on the XZ-Plane. Next you create, lets say 10, ModelInstances out of it and add them to each other:
first Plane: x = 0-4m, y = 0-0, z = 0-4m
second Plane: x= 4-8m, y = 0-0, z = 0-4m
And so on. As soon as your character is at a X Position > 4, you can translate the ModelInstance firstPlane foreward to the end of the 10th plane. So its new x would be 44-48 meters.
As soon as you reach a new level or another ground or whatever you can simply change the Material of the ModelInstance.
For the background i would suggest to read something about SkyBoxes.
Hope i could help
At the moment I have a simple animation where a car (JPanel) approaches a junction where after it waits for traffic lights to turn green and continues straight on. However I'm going to the next step now where I want the car to turn 90 deg right in a smooth curve to turn onto the perpendicular road. I have sketched roughly how it looks and the curve represent the way I want the car to turn:
I'm not too sure how to do this. I suppose I would need to represent some sort of bezier curve? Or matrix transformation to rotate the car?
Can someone give advice on the best way to do this in Swing.
If you are new to graphics in Java, I recommend this tutorial. If I were to code what you are doing, I see two options.
First and easiest, you can model turning as "first driving straight, then turning 90º along the edge of a circle centred on the corner I am turning around, and then driving straight again". The easiest way to do this is to define a JPanel that draws your Image (yes, a JPanel; if you don't paint their background, you can layer JPanels on top of each other - and they will be painted in the correct order; make the background JPanel opaque so that it cleans up before drawing the next frame), and give it an AffineTransform that makes the image display in the position you want it to. You will need to adjust the increments in the transform so that the speed appears constant; trial and error, or a bit of geometry (90º of radius R implies R*pi/2.0 total travel along the curved path) , will help you out there.
The hard way is to consider the car's route to be an arbitrary Shape (which you can define using Bezier curves, for example), extract a flattened PathIterator from it, advance in equally-spaced jumps along that iterator, and calculate the rotation you need from the position along the curve and the heading at any given point (you can estimate the heading by taking 2 successive samples, and aligning the car according to these samples). This is harder than using the above method, but allows your car to follow arbitrarily complex paths.
Simple question that i've always pondered about. When I first got into opengl I had to find a way to draw "tiles" or a bunch of triangles with 1 opengl draw call to improve performance vastly. I did that by putting all the vertices into an array and drawing the array. One problem that occurred was whenever I scrolled the tiles, I would see random placed pixels showing on and off depending on how much I scrolled the map. Around 5-8 on a 10x10 map. Now, I got back into opengl again and and this time I drew using GL_LINE_LOOP instead of GL_TRiANGLES. This never occurred to me back then but what I see when using GL_LINE_LOOP is all the triangles but when it finishes(it goes from bottom left to top right, so top right) there is a line connecting where I ended and where I began. Would the cause of those random pixels be because of this? Or does this have nothing to do with it. Does that line connecting the end and beginning appear because of GL_LINE_LOOP mode or does that also have nothing to do with and have to do with the way I created the map?
GL_LINE_LOOP is a completely different drawing mode - and no that won't be the reason why you're dropping pixels on tiles.
Most likely reason for dropping pixels when drawing a tight mesh of tiles is that you're not computing the vertices consistently. The principle is that if a vertex is shared by two adjacent triangles (or quads, lines, whatever), then the floating point coordinates of that vertex must be 100% identical for every draw call. If you do that, then you're guaranteed to render a tight mesh without any gaps in between tiles.
Your problem may have been something else though... perhaps Z fighting.. but my guess is the first thing I mention here.
I'm currently writing an application that actually acts as a "cut" tool for 3D meshes. Well, I had some problems with it now which I am clueless on how to solve, since it is my first application.
I have loaded a model from an object file onto the canvas, then on the same canvas, I use the mouse drag event to draw lines to define the cutting point.
Let us say I want to cut a ball into half and I draw the line in the middle. How do I detect the vertices of the ball under the line.
Secondly, if I rotate/translate the ball, would all the the vertices information change?
Think of what you'd do in the real world: You can't cut a ball with a line, you must use a knife (a line has no volume). To cut the ball, you must move the knife through the ball.
So what you're looking after is a plane, not a line. To get such a plane, you must use some 3D math. What you have is the canvas orientation and the "side view" of the plane (which looks like a line).
So the plane you're looking for is perpendicular to the canvas. A simple way to get such a plane is to take the canvas orientation and create a plane which has the same orientation and then rotate the plane around the line by 90°.
After that, you can visit all edges of your model and determine on which side of the plane they are. For this, determine on which side of the plane the end points of the edge are. Use the cross product. If they are on the same side (both results of the cross products will have the same sign), you can ignore the edge. Otherwise, you need to determine the intersection point of the edge and plane. Create new edges and connect them accordingly.
See this page for some background on the math. But you should find some helper methods for all this in your opengl library.
if I rotate / translate the ball, would all the the vertices information change
Of course.
It's not going to be that easy.
I assume the line you are drawing induces a plane which then cuts the sphere.
To do so, you have to calculate the intersecting area of the sphere and the plane.
This is not a trivial task and I suggest using an existing framework for this or if you really want to do this yourself, read about basic intersection problems to get a feeling for this kind of problem. This paper offers a good introduction to various intersection tests.
In general boundary represended volumes, as in your case, are difficult to handle when it comes to more advanced manipulations. Cutting a sphere in half is easy compared to burring a small hole into it. Sometimes it's better to use a volume representation, like tetrahedral meshes or CSG.
Regarding your second question, you shouldn't rotate or translate the sphere, rotate and translate the camera.
So I'm building the pacman game in Java to teach myself game programming.
I have the basic game window with the pacman sprite and the ghost sprites drawn, the pacman moves with the arrow keys, doesn't move beyond the walls of the window, etc. Now I'm trying to build the maze, as in this picture:
Without giving me the direct/complete solution to this, can someone guide me as to how this can be built? I'm talking only about the boundaries and the pipes('T' marks) here which you can't go through and you have to go around. Not the dots which the pacman eats yet.
Here are my questions:
1) What's the most efficient algorithm/method for creating this maze? Will it have to be drawn each time the paint() method is called or is there a way to draw it only at the start of the game and never again?
2) How will this actually be drawn to the screen? I assume the fillRect() will be used?
3) Any hints on collision detection (so the pacman/ghosts can't go through the walls) would be helpful.
4) Any hints on how the vacant space between the pipes will be calculated so the dots can be filled between them will also be very helpful.
Thanks
I wouldn't do it that way.
I'd draw the graphical map and then create a 2D data array which represents the map. The data map would be responsible for determining collisions, eating dots, where candy is and where the ghosts are. Once all the logic for everything is handled just use the 2D array to display everything in their proper pixel coordinates over the graphical map.
For example the user is pressing the left key. First you determine that pacman is at element 3, 3. Element 3, 2 contains information denoting a wall so you can implement the code to make him ignore the command.
EDIT:
Each element would represent about where a dot could be. For example:
No, looking at the board I would say the array would look something like this.
d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,w,w,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d
d,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,d
p,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,p
d,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,w,d,w,w,w,w,d
d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d,d
And so on. You might want to pick a more flexible data structure than just characters however since some areas need to contain a bunch of different information. IE even though the ghost spawning area is blank, pacman isn't allowed in there. The movement of the ghosts and pacman is different for the side escapes, the candy spawn point is a blank spot but if you want to remain flexible you'll want to denote where this is on a per map basis.
Another thing you'll want to remember is that pacman and the ghosts are often inbetween points so containing information that represents a percentage of a space they're taking up between 1,2 and 1,3 is important for collision detection as well as determining when you want to remove dots, powerups and candy from the board.
You can paint the map into a BufferedImage and just drawImage that on every paint(). You'll get quite reasonable performance this way.
If you are happy with the walls being solid, you can draw each square wall block with fillRect. If you wish to get the same look as in the picture, you need to figure how to draw the lines in the right way and use arcs for corners.
The Pacman game map is made of squares and Pacman and the ghosts always move from one square to the neighbouring square in an animated step (i.e. you press right, the pacman moves one square to the right). That means that collision detection is easy: simply don't allow moves to squares that are not empty.
I do not understand what you are trying to ask here.
1) Just to give my advice on redrawing. Something that you can do if you find redrawing the entire image is slow, is determine only the elements that have changed on the screen and redraw those. An approach for this would be the following: Determine the sprites that have moved. Determine (approximate) a rectangle around those sprites. Redraw those rectangles only. This way you are only refreshing parts of the screen and not the whole screen. This should result in an increase in performance over redrawing the entire screen.
The other answers have been reasonable for the other questions you have asked.