Develop Reference

Using ImageIO to convert from JPEG2000 to PNG

I'm trying to convert a JPEG2000 (.jp2) image to other formats (JPEG or PNG), so I try to use write method of javax.imageio package. This works fine for other formats (eg. JPEG to PNG), but when it comes to JPEG2000 (or TIFF) it throws an exception. Could anyone tell me what are the possible formats of the input image?
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: im == null!
at javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1457)
at javax.imageio.ImageIO.write(ImageIO.java:1565)
at decodeincodeimages.AndroidInterface.convertFormat(AndroidInterface.java:199)
at Main_package.Execute.main(Execute.java:69)
Java Result: 1
And this is the method:
public static boolean convertFormat(String inputImagePath,
String outputImagePath, String formatName) throws IOException {
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(inputImagePath);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputImagePath);
// reads input image from file
BufferedImage inputImage = ImageIO.read(inputStream);
// writes to the output image in specified format
boolean result = ImageIO.write(inputImage, formatName, outputStream);
// needs to close the streams
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
return result;
}
And I call it like this:
System.out.println(AndroidInterface.convertFormat("g:\\picture.jp2","g:\\conv.gif", "gif"));

ImageIO comes with the following formats built in: BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, WBMP (source: the API documentation). If you try to read an image in a different format, the ImageIO.read(...) methods will simply return null, which is why you get the IllegalArgumentException: im == null later in your method.
However, ImageIO also uses a plugin mechanism (service provider interface, or SPI), to allow for extra or third-party plugins to be installed.
To be able to read JPEG2000 or TIFF, you need such a plugin.
For JPEG2000 the best option is probably JAI. JAI also has a TIFF plugin. JAI was developed by Sun (now Oracle), but unfortunately, there hasn't been updates and bug fixes for years.
There's also Java bindings for OpenJPEG that should contain an ImageIO plugin for JPEG2000.
For TIFF you can also use my TwelveMonkeys ImageIO TIFF plugin. TwelveMonkeys does not currently have a JPEG2000 plugin, so it might be less useful for you.
(This list is not exhaustive, Google might help you find more :-) )
PS: From Java 9 (JEP-262) and later, TIFF format support is also built in.

You can use imageio-openjpeg as plugin for the ImageIO API. (https://github.com/dbmdz/imageio-jnr)

In Java converting an image to sRGB makes the image too bright

I have multiple images with a custom profile embedded in them and want to convert the image to sRGB in order to serve it up to a browser. I have seen code like the following:
BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(fileIn);
ColorSpace ics = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_sRGB);
ColorConvertOp cco = new ColorConvertOp(ics, null);
BufferedImage result = cco.filter(image, null);
ImageIO.write(result, "PNG", fileOut);
where fileIn and fileOut are File objects representing the input file and output file respectively. This works to an extent. The problem is that the resulting image is lighter than the original. If I was to convert the color space in photoshop the colors would appear the same. In fact if I pull up both images with photoshop and take a screen shot and sample the colors, they are the same. What is photoshop doing that the code above isn't and what can I do to correct the problem?
There are various types of images being converted, including JPEG, PNG, and TIFF. I have tried using TwelveMonkeys to read in JPEG and TIFF images and I still get the same effect, where the image is too light. The conversion process seems worst when applied to an image that didn't have an embedded profile in the first place.
Edit:
I've added some sample images to help explain the problem.
This image is the one with the color profile embedded in it. Viewed on some browsers there won't be a noticeable difference between this one and the next but viewed in Chrome on Mac OSX and Windows it currently appears darker than it should. This is where my problem originates in the first place. I need to convert the image to something that will show up correctly in Chrome.
This is an image converted with ImageMagick to the Adobe RGB 1998 color profile, which Chrome appears to be able to display correctly.
This is the image that I converted using the code above and it appears lighter than it should.
(Note that the images above are on imgur so to make them larger, simply remove the "t" from the end of the filename, before the file extension.)

This was my initial solution which worked but I didn't like having to use ImageMagick. I have created another answer based off of the solution I ended up sticking with.
I gave in and ended up using im4java, which is a wrapper around the command line tool of image magick. When I use the following code to get a BufferedImage, it works really well.
IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
op.addImage(fileIn.getAbsolutePath());
op.profile(colorFileIn.getAbsolutePath());
op.addImage("png:-");
ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
Stream2BufferedImage s2b = new Stream2BufferedImage();
cmd.setOutputConsumer(s2b);
cmd.run(op);
BufferedImage image = s2b.getImage();
I can also use the library to apply a CMYK profile for print when needed. It would be nice if ColorConvertOp did the conversion correctly but for now, at least, this is my solution. In order to reach parity with my question the im4java code to achieve the same effect in the question is:
ConvertCmd cmd = new ConvertCmd();
IMOperation op = new IMOperation();
op.addImage(fileIn.getAbsolutePath());
op.profile(colorFileIn.getAbsolutePath());
op.addImage(fileOut.getAbsolutePath());
cmd.run(op);
where colorFileIn.getAboslutePath() is the location of the sRGB color profile on the machine. Since im4java is using the command line it's not as straight forward how to perform operations but the library is explained in detail here. I originally had issues with image magick not working on my Mac as explained in the question. I installed it using brew but it turns out on a Mac you have to install it like brew install imagemagick --with-little-cms. After that image magick worked fine for me.

I found a solution that doesn't require ImageMagick. Basically Java doesn't respect the profile when loading the image so if there is one it needs to get loaded. Here is a code snippet of what I did to accomplish this:
private BufferedImage loadBufferedImage(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException, BadElementException {
byte[] imageBytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream);
BufferedImage incorrectImage = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(imageBytes));
if (incorrectImage.getColorModel() instanceof ComponentColorModel) {
// Java does not respect the color profile embedded in a component based image, so if there is a color
// profile, detected using iText, then create a buffered image with the correct profile.
Image iTextImage = Image.getInstance(imageBytes);
com.itextpdf.text.pdf.ICC_Profile iTextProfile = iTextImage.getICCProfile();
if (iTextProfile == null) {
// If no profile is present than the image should be processed as is.
return incorrectImage;
} else {
// If there is a profile present then create a buffered image with the profile embedded.
byte[] profileData = iTextProfile.getData();
ICC_Profile profile = ICC_Profile.getInstance(profileData);
ICC_ColorSpace ics = new ICC_ColorSpace(profile);
boolean hasAlpha = incorrectImage.getColorModel().hasAlpha();
boolean isAlphaPremultiplied = incorrectImage.isAlphaPremultiplied();
int transparency = incorrectImage.getTransparency();
int transferType = DataBuffer.TYPE_BYTE;
ComponentColorModel ccm = new ComponentColorModel(ics, hasAlpha, isAlphaPremultiplied, transparency, transferType);
return new BufferedImage(ccm, incorrectImage.copyData(null), isAlphaPremultiplied, null);
}
}
else if (incorrectImage.getColorModel() instanceof IndexColorModel) {
return incorrectImage;
}
else {
throw new UnsupportedEncodingException("Unsupported color model type.");
}
}
This answer does use iText, which is generally used for PDF creation and manipulation, but it happens to process the ICC profiles correctly and I'm already depending on it for my project so it happens to be a much better choice than ImageMagick.
The code in the question then ends up as follows:
BufferedImage image = loadBufferedImage(new FileInputStream(fileIn));
ColorSpace ics = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_sRGB);
ColorConvertOp cco = new ColorConvertOp(ics, null);
BufferedImage result = cco.filter(image, null);
ImageIO.write(result, "PNG", fileOut);
which works great.

Update Tiff-Metadata using Apache Commons-Imaging/Sanselan

I will modify and add Tiff-Tags to existing tif-files with java. JAI imageio crashed, because it could not deal with certain tags from Tiff 6.0. Apache Commons-Imaging seems to be able to deal with these tags. But I have no idea, how to do that. I found a post here, I used for beginning (How to embed ICC_Profile in TiffOutputSet).
Using the example code creates an image, which I can't open because of an LZW error. If I use the Imaging.writeImage(...) methods, It changes the color model from 8Bit to 24Bit and the Exif metadata hase gone.
What i have done is:
bufferedImage = Imaging.getBufferedImage(srcTiff);
byte[] imageBytes = Imaging.writeImageToBytes(tifFile, imageFormat, optional_params)
exifDirectory = tiffOutputSet.getOrCreateRootDirectory();
...
TiffImageWriterLossLess lossLessWriter = new TiffImageWriterLossless(imageBytes);
os = new FileOutputStream(tmpFile);
os = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
lossLessWriter.writeImage(bufferedImage, os, image_params);
Playing around with image_params, like compression or defining the outputset as params, results in different issues. But one is constant, the destImage is bigger then the src image, even when the source image is 24 bit like the dest image.
How could I get Commons-Imaging work for me?

I can respond to the destImage bigger than the src, it is because TIFF images have a compression that is not carried over when the image is read into memory. On writing the image back to storage, you must apply the compression explicitly.

What is the difference between using IOUtils and ImageIO for writing an image file

I have a tiff image stored as Base64 encoded String in a file. My aim is to create a tiff file out of it. This is what I am doing:
String base64encodedTiff = IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream("C:/tiff-attachment.txt"));
byte[] imgBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(base64encodedTiff);
BufferedImage bufImg = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(imgBytes));
ImageIO.write(bufImg, "tiff", new File("c:/new-darksouls-imageIO-tiff.tiff"));
ImageIO.write() is throwing IllegalArgumentException because bufImg is null. I don't understand what am I doing wrong here.
On the contrary if I use IOUtils to write, it works fine:
IOUtils.write(imgBytes, new FileOutputStream("c:/new-darksouls-io-tiff.tiff"));
Please help me understand
Why ImageIO is throwing exception
What is the right API and way for what I am trying to achieve.

ImageIO would be useful if, for example, you wanted to convert a PNG to a JPEG. Since you don't need to manipulate the image or convert to another format, don't bother with ImageIO. Just use IOUtils.write() to save the TIFF data verbatim.
ImageIO.read() is returning a null image because it can't read the TIFF file, probably because TIFF isn't one of the standard ImageIO plugin formats. The standard supported image formats are listed here:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/javax/imageio/package-summary.html
An additional note -- the code you posted buffers the entire image in memory. If you're concerned about using memory efficiently, consider using some kind of Base64 decoding input stream to perform the decoding on the fly. That might look like this:
try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("c:/new-darksouls-io-tiff.tiff");
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("C:/tiff-attachment.txt");
Base64InputStream decodedIn = new Base64InputStream(in)) {
IOUtils.copy(decodedIn, out);
}

Load Image OpenCV (JavaCV) from byte[] not a file

I have image data coming in from over a socket connection as a byte[]. All examples I have seen using cvLoadImage() is passed a file name. Do I have to save every image to file and re-open it to do the processing? This seems to have a lot of overhead for what needs to happen, is it possible to load the image from the byte[] data?

Simple solution in the end, you can use the following method to create an Image from a BufferedImage which solved my problem:
IplImage src = IplImage.createFrom(buffered);

Assuming the data is encoded in some standard format like JPG or PNG, and assuming you are using JavaCV, for a byte array b, this works as well:
IplImage image = cvDecodeImage(cvMat(1, b.length, CV_8UC1, new BytePointer(b)));