Develop Reference

"android:exported needs to be explicitly specified" on Android 12

I integrated OneSignal push notification into my app and everything worked perfectly well until I upgraded to Android 12 (31). When I upgraded, AndroidStudio reports this error to me, I really don't know what I need to do to avoid it:
Manifest merger failed : android:exported needs to be explicitly specified
for <service>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify
an explicit value for `android:exported` when the corresponding component
has an intent filter defined.
AndroidManifest:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
package="com.my.app">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.android.vending.BILLING" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS" />
<uses-permission android:name="oppo.permission.OPPO_COMPONENT_SAFE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.permission.external_app_settings.USE_COMPONENT"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application
android:name="com.my.app.MainApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:networkSecurityConfig="#xml/network_security_config"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.APPLICATION_ID"
android:value="#string/admob_app_ID" />
<activity
android:name="com.my.app.activity.StepActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/Splash">
</activity>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.PrivacyPolicyActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"/>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.TermsToUseActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"/>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.SplashActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:exported="true"
tools:node="merge">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.MainActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"/>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.PremiumActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"/>
<activity android:name="com.my.app.activity.ChooseServerActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"/>
<service
android:name="com.my.app.OneSignal.MyNotificationExtenderService"
android:exported="true"
tools:node="merge"
android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.onesignal.NotificationExtender" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<service
android:name="com.my.app.service.BackgroundJobService"
android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
tools:node="merge"/>
<service
android:name="com.my.app.service.MyService"
android:exported="false"
tools:node="merge">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="androidsrc.intent.action.PICK_PLUGIN" />
<category android:name="androidsrc.intent.category.ADD_PLUGIN" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<receiver android:name="com.my.app.service.BootCompletedReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
tools:node="merge">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.QUICKBOOT_POWERON"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
build.gradle (app):
manifestPlaceholders = [onesignal_app_id : "xxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxx-xxxxxxxx",
onesignal_google_project_number: "REMOTE"]

Hi i want to disable (delete) these permissions from my app

Hi i want to disable (delete) these permissions from my app
WRITE EXTERNAL STORAGE
READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
WAKE_LOCK
and disable using camera and taking photos
the source code of users permissions in my app, I am using android studio.
that is the source how will be the new ??
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.bpositive"
android:versionCode="2"
android:versionName="1.0.3" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="15"
android:targetSdkVersion="25" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<uses-feature
android:name="android.hardware.camera"
android:required="true" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" /> <!-- Permissions required for GCM -->
<uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE" />
<uses-feature
android:glEsVersion="0x00020000"
android:required="true" />
<permission
android:name="com.bpositive.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.bpositive.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />
<application
android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.app.BPlus"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.activities.SplashActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<data
android:host="sparkleappz.com/"
android:scheme="http" />
<data
android:host="sparkleappz.com/"
android:scheme="https" />
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.activities.MainActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
</activity>
<activity
android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.activities.ResetPasswordActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
</activity>
<activity
android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.activities.DonateActivity"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
</activity>
<!--
The API key for Google Maps-based APIs is defined as a string resource.
(See the file "res/values/google_maps_api.xml").
Note that the API key is linked to the encryption key used to sign the APK.
You need a different API key for each encryption key, including the release key that is used to
sign the APK for publishing.
You can define the keys for the debug and release targets in src/debug/ and src/release/.
-->
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
android:value="#string/google_maps_key" />
<service android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.MyFirebaseMessagingService" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<service android:name="sample.bpositive.sparkleappz.MyFirebaseInstanceIDService" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<activity
android:name="com.theartofdev.edmodo.cropper.CropImageActivity"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar" /> <!-- Include the AdActivity and InAppPurchaseActivity configChanges and themes. -->
<activity
android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.AdActivity"
android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenLayout|uiMode|screenSize|smallestScreenSize"
android:theme="#android:style/Theme.Translucent" />
<activity
android:name="com.google.android.gms.ads.purchase.InAppPurchaseActivity"
android:theme="#style/Theme.IAPTheme" />
<activity
android:name="com.google.android.gms.appinvite.PreviewActivity"
android:exported="true"
android:theme="#style/Theme.AppInvite.Preview" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.android.gms.appinvite.ACTION_PREVIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.google.android.gms.common.api.GoogleApiActivity"
android:exported="false"
android:theme="#android:style/Theme.Translucent.NoTitleBar" />
<!--
FirebaseMessagingService performs security checks at runtime,
no need for explicit permissions despite exported="true"
-->
<service
android:name="com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingService"
android:exported="true" >
<intent-filter android:priority="-500" >
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<receiver
android:name="com.google.android.gms.measurement.AppMeasurementReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="false" >
</receiver>
<receiver
android:name="com.google.android.gms.measurement.AppMeasurementInstallReferrerReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:permission="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.android.vending.INSTALL_REFERRER" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<service
android:name="com.google.android.gms.measurement.AppMeasurementService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="false" />
<receiver
android:name="com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceIdReceiver"
android:exported="true"
android:permission="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
<action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION" />
<category android:name="com.bpositive" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
<!--
Internal (not exported) receiver used by the app to start its own exported services
without risk of being spoofed.
-->
<receiver
android:name="com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceIdInternalReceiver"
android:exported="false" />
<!--
FirebaseInstanceIdService performs security checks at runtime,
no need for explicit permissions despite exported="true"
-->
<service
android:name="com.google.firebase.iid.FirebaseInstanceIdService"
android:exported="true" >
<intent-filter android:priority="-500" >
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<provider
android:name="com.google.firebase.provider.FirebaseInitProvider"
android:authorities="com.bpositive.firebaseinitprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:initOrder="100" />
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
android:value="#integer/google_play_services_version" />
</application>
</manifest>
Hi i want to disable (delete) these permissions from my app
WRITE EXTERNAL STORAGE
READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
WAKE_LOCK
and disable using camera and taking photos
the source code of users permissions in my app, I am using android studio.
that is the source how will be the new ??

There is a line in your file that reads
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
and one that reads
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
If you delete them and rerun gradle, your project will now no longer have those permissions.

Remove this lines from your
AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
to remove the permissions

You can't just remove permissions and hope your app to work if permissions are essential for that to work or triggered on user interaction like touching camera button to invoke camera and require camera permissions. If that app requires that permissions you remove those permission you will get errors especially that apps targets for above Android 6.0 with android:targetSdkVersion="25".
If you are hoping to publish that app with JUST RESKIN you will get a strike because publishing a spam app. You should do some modification on that app to be considered as modified work. You should also check licanse for license whether you are allowed to do or not.

Android icon missing when uploading to playstore

When I install my application it's working fine, the icon is displayed and have no issues, however when installing the application on the device from the apk it does not show the application name, it shows the package with no icon, when uploading to playstore it gives me an error stating I should add an icon to the application.
This use to work until recently.
ic_launcher icon file does exist.
my manifest file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.my.package">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<application
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication">
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name="com.my.package.MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.my.package.LoginActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_login"
android:theme="#style/Theme.CustomTheme">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.my.package.NotificationsActivity"
android:label="#string/title_activity_login"
android:theme="#style/AppThemeNoti"></activity>
<service android:name="com.my.package.FirebaseService">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<service android:name="com.my.package.FirebaseToken">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.google.firebase.INSTANCE_ID_EVENT" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.maps.v2.API_KEY"
android:value="keyhere" />
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
android:value="#integer/google_play_services_version" />
</application>
</manifest>

I found the problem:
<application
android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication">
I removed the > after MultiDexApplication. Figured the android:icon was greyed out and hence not working.
Thanks.

Android Manifest Attribute "name" File Error

I was following the Dev guide on Vunglee:
https://github.com/Vungle/vungle-resources/blob/master/English/Android/3.2.x/android-dev-guide.md
Eclipse gives me this error in my manifest file
Attribute "name" bound to namespace "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" was already specified for element "activity".
My code is :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.kilobolt.FlyingJesus"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="5"
android:targetSdkVersion="19" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<application
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<meta-data
android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
android:value="#integer/google_play_services_version" />
<activity
android:name="com.kilobolt.ZombieBird.MainActivity"
android:name="com.vungle.publisher.FullScreenAdActivity"
android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize"
android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
Please help me, what is the problem. And i'm newbie in java.

can't give two names to same activity. Error is in below lines
android:name="com.kilobolt.ZombieBird.MainActivity"
android:name="com.vungle.publisher.FullScreenAdActivity"
As kalyan pvs mentioned in comment, check for other duplicate attributes also.

Do not use same tag to declare two Activity in AndroidManifest file,
Make 2 different tag to declare it like this:
<activity android:name="com.kilobolt.ZombieBird.MainActivity"
android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:theme="#android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name="com.vungle.publisher.FullScreenAdActivity"
android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize">
</activity>

Error message with code: “URL scheme in your app's manifest is not set up correctly.” [duplicate]

I am trying to upload a text file to my Dropbox, but it shows an error in manifest.
This is my Manifest file and the logcat error, what am I doing wrong can anyone help me please...
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.ondropbox"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="#drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="#string/app_name"
android:theme="#style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.ondropbox.MainActivity"
android:launchMode="singleTask"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboard" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
<data android:scheme="db-5qiq4z06ikagxfb" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
The Error is:
**java.lang.IllegalStateException: URI scheme in your app's manifest is not set up correctly. You should have a com.dropbox.client2.android.AuthActivity with the scheme: db-5qiq4z06ikagxfb**
What should I do?
Thanks for any kind of help.

because you are missing to add activity,,,
<activity
android:name="com.example.ondropbox.MainActivity"
android:label="#string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name="com.dropbox.client2.android.AuthActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|keyboard"
android:launchMode="singleTask" >
<intent-filter>
<data android:scheme="db-5qiq4z06ikagxfb" />
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
and you are done.

I had a very similar issue after migrating my app from Dropbox API v1 to v2. I used an official tutorial for migration - https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/migration-guide, but there are no word about Android, only basic examples in Java. So I opened this GitHub repo and used it as reference - https://github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-java/tree/master/examples/android.
But in new API they changed a package of AuthActivity and I forgot to check, so had a Runtime crash - Unable to find com.dropbox.core.android.AuthActivity.
The solution is to change old package to new one - com.dropbox.client2.android.AuthActivity to com.dropbox.core.android.AuthActivity.