Downloading files and asking for storge permission in android

Downloading files and asking for storge permission in android - java

In my android app. When someone tries to download file, it should ask for storage permission.. if granted, it should start downloading the file.
Next time if permission already granted, just start new download.
here is the part of my code...
public void downloadFile(String url) {
Uri source = Uri.parse(url);
// Make a new request pointing to the download url
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(source);
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
String fileExtension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(url);
String fileName = URLUtil.guessFileName(url, null, fileExtension);
// save the file in the "Downloads" folder of SDCARD
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, fileName);
// get download service and enqueue file
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
manager.enqueue(request);
}
#Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
if (url.contains("?dl=1")) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
downloadFile(url);
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
REQUEST_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
return true;
}
The problem with this code is:
When user deny the permission app crashes.
When user allow the permission for the first, time the download doesn't start immediately... user need to click again on the download link.

You need to implement the callback function ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback.
So first step is to change your class signature to something like this but be careful to extend the Activity that you need the permission results in, MainActivity is just an example:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback
Second step is to override the following function:
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
int[] grantResults) {
if( requestCode == REQUEST_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
{
if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//Do something if the permission is granted
}
else
{
//Do something if the permission denied
}
}
}

Your shouldOverrideUrlLoading method always returns true. Is that the wanted behavior?
Try to add a permission request response code as below:
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String permissions[],
int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: {
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// do your work
} else {
// permission denied
}
return;
}
}
}
Source: http://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html#perm-request

Related

Unable to write file on Android 11 - FileNotFoundException

I've read all the relevant questions and answers, but I still can not open a file for writing with FileOutputStream. When I call
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(newpathandfilename);
It throws a FileNotFoundException
What I did so far:
AndroidManifest.xml has:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:remove="android:maxSdkVersion"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" tools:remove="android:maxSdkVersion"/>
Also application tag has android:requestLegacyExternalStorage set to true.
At runtime I check the permission:
private void showExplanation(String title,
String message,
final String permission,
final int permissionRequestCode) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this.getContext());
builder.setTitle(title)
.setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
requestPermission(permission, permissionRequestCode);
}
});
builder.create().show();
}
private void requestPermission(String permissionName, int permissionRequestCode) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this.getActivity(),
new String[]{permissionName}, permissionRequestCode);
}
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1: {
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission was granted, yay! Do the
// contacts-related task you need to do.
} else {
// permission denied, boo! Disable the
// functionality that depends on this permission.
Toast.makeText(this.getActivity(), "Permission denied to read your External storage", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
return;
}
// other 'case' lines to check for other
// permissions this app might request
}
}
Then:
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this.getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Log.d("Granted","Granted");
} else {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this.getActivity(),
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
showExplanation("Permission required", "Permission required", Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, 1);
} else {
requestPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, 1);
}
}
It writes the access is granted already.
The path is /storage/emulated/0/myApp/NewFile20220520_222112.jpg.
The exception is: open failed: EPERM (Operation not permitted)
compileSdkVersion 30
targetSdkVersion 30
Device: API level 30
Any idea what is missing?

Request for Wifi Permission when running a Gluon-Mobile Application in Run-time

My Application wants to Request for Wifi Permission on the start.So far I have managed to give permission through Setting.But I don't want to Do that anymore.So far I have seen this previous Question.I could understand a bit.but it's not Enough. I created a .class that that manages Wifi Activity like turning ON/OFF , checking wifi state.It works well if Wifi permission is granted.but if not it does'nt work.
Here's the WifiController.class that I have created.
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import javafxports.android.FXActivity;
public class WifiController implements WifiInterface
{
WifiManager wifiManager=null;
WifiController()
{
wifiManager = (WifiManager)FXActivity.getInstance().getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
}
WifiManager getWifimanager()
{
return wifiManager;
}
public boolean isTurnedOn()
{
return wifiManager.isWifiEnabled();
}
public boolean turnOn()
{
wifiManager.setWifiEnabled(true);
return true;
}
public boolean turnOff()
{
wifiManager.setWifiEnabled(false);
return true;
}
}
So, Please Enlighten Me. Thanks in Advance.

The Android Developers Website has a great walkthrough example on how runtime permissions work here:
https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html
Also don't forget to add the permissions into your manifest as well.

You have ask for the permission at run time:
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
// Show an explanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
// this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
// sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
} else {
// No explanation needed, we can request the permission.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
REQUEST_PERMISSION);
// MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
// app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
// result of the request.
}
}
and than do what ever you want (if the user grand the permission):
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(final int requestCode, #NonNull final String[] permissions, #NonNull final int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSION) {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Permission granted.
} else {
// User refused to grant permission.
}
}
}
You can read more here:
https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

Heavily based on this answer, I created the following class to request permissions on the app start when android version >= Marshmallow:
public class AndroidPlatform {
private static final String KEY_PERMISSIONS = "permissions";
private static final String KEY_REQUEST_CODE = "requestCode";
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS = 246;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 123;
private final FXActivity activity;
public AndroidPlatform() {
activity = FXActivity.getInstance();
}
public void checkPermissions() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= MARSHMALLOW) {
List<String> requiredPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
addPermission(activity, requiredPermissions , Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
// additional required permissions
if (!requiredPermissions.isEmpty()) {
Intent permIntent = new Intent(activity, PermissionRequestActivity.class);
permIntent.putExtra(KEY_PERMISSIONS, requiredPermissions.toArray(new String[requiredPermissions .size()]));
permIntent.putExtra(KEY_REQUEST_CODE, REQUEST_CODE);
activity.startActivityForResult(permIntent, REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS);
}
}
}
private void addPermission(Activity activity, List<String> permissionsList, String permission) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionsList.add(permission);
}
}
public static class PermissionRequestActivity extends Activity {
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
FXActivity.getInstance().onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
finish();
}
#Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
String[] permissions = this.getIntent().getStringArrayExtra(KEY_PERMISSIONS);
int requestCode = this.getIntent().getIntExtra(KEY_REQUEST_CODE, 0);
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode);
}
}
}
In your AndroidManifest.xml you have to add the corresponding activity:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
<activity android:name="yourpackage.AndroidPlatform$PermissionRequestActivity" />
Also you have to add the android-support-library to your build.gradle:
dependencies {
androidCompile files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
compileNoRetrolambda files('libs/android-support-v4.jar')
}
For further information regarding wifiManager / permissions see link

How to check permission in fragment

I want to check a permission inside a fragment.
my code:
// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getActivity(),
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Should we show an explanation?
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(getActivity(),
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) {
// Show an explanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
// this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
// sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
} else {
// No explanation needed, we can request the permission.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(),
new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
1);
// MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
// app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
// result of the request.
}
}
but onRequestPermissionsResult not called after allow or deny.
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1: {
Log.e("test","0");
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission was granted, yay! Do the
// contacts-related task you need to do.
//yes
Log.e("test","1");
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), MapsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("latitude", 35.694828);
intent.putExtra("longitude", 51.378129);
startActivity(intent);
} else {
utilityFunctions.showSweetAlertWarning(getActivity(),r.getString(R.string.str_warning_title_empty),
r.getString(R.string.str_you_must_allow_this_permission_toast),
r.getString(R.string.str_warning_btn_login));
Log.e("test","2");
}
return;
}
// other 'case' lines to check for other
// permissions this app might request
}
}

This is how I did, it works for me. Thanks!
For Activity :
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionsList, REQUEST_CODE);
For Fragment :
requestPermissions(permissionsList, REQUEST_CODE);

Fragment has requestPermissions() and onRequestPermissionsResult() methods, use it.
But checkSelfPermission() is from ActivityCompat (not require Activity, only Context).
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions( //Method of Fragment
new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},
REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_CODE_WRITE_STORAGE
);
} else {
downloadImage();
}
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, #NonNull String[] permissions, #NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_CODE_WRITE_STORAGE) {
if (permissions[0].equals(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
proceedWithSdCard();
}
}
}

I have done following to check a permission inside a fragment.
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(),
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(),
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions(getActivity(),
new String[]{android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
REQUEST_LOCATION);
} else {
Log.e("DB", "PERMISSION GRANTED");
}
Update
Since Fragment.requestPermissions is now deprecated, Google advises using registerForActivityResult instead.
I have done the request like this:
val permissionLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()
) { isGranted ->
if (isGranted) {
// Do if the permission is granted
}
else {
// Do otherwise
}
}
permissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
For more documentation on this method you can check this link.

Check Permissions from Fragment (the 2021 way)
The registerForActivityResult() method in fragment is now deprecated. The deprecation message suggests to use registerForActivityResult. So after some trial and errors, here is the 2021 way:
Suppose your fragment's name is AwesomeFragment. Then in the constructor (before the fragment's onCreate method to be precise), you initialize ActivityResultLauncher<String[]> activityResultLauncher.
java version
private ActivityResultLauncher<String[]> activityResultLauncher;
public AwrsomeFragment() {
activityResultLauncher = registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions(), new ActivityResultCallback<Map<String, Boolean>>() {
#Override
public void onActivityResult(Map<String, Boolean> result) {
Log.e("activityResultLauncher", ""+result.toString());
Boolean areAllGranted = true;
for(Boolean b : result.values()) {
areAllGranted = areAllGranted && b;
}
if(areAllGranted) {
capturePhoto();
}
}
});
}
Then maybe on some button click, you invoke the launch method:
#Override
public void onViewCreated(#NonNull View view, #Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
String[] appPerms;
appPerms = new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA};
this.cameraClick.setOnClickListener(v -> {
this.activityResultLauncher.launch(appPerms);
});
}
kotlin version
private var activityResultLauncher: ActivityResultLauncher<Array<String>>
init{
this.activityResultLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) {result ->
var allAreGranted = true
for(b in result.values) {
allAreGranted = allAreGranted && b
}
if(allAreGranted) {
capturePhoto()
}
}
}
// --- ---
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
// ... ... init views / binding... ...
someBtn.setOnClickListener{
val appPerms = arrayOf(
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.CAMERA
)
activityResultLauncher.launch(appPerms)
}
}

To handle permissions in a Fragment call requestPermissions method. If you override onRequestPermissionsResult method in both fragment and activity, containing that fragment, make sure to call super.onRequestPermissionsResult(...) in the activity method to propagate call to the onRequestPermissionsResult method in the fragment.

Using Kotlin, you call requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.THE_PERMISSION_CODE_YOU_WANT), PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) and add the following override to your fragment
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out kotlin.String>, grantResults: IntArray): Unit {
}

onRequestPermissionsResult is invoked in the activity not the fragment. Try overriding onRequestPermissionsResult in the activity instead.

What worked for me was calling the onRequestPermissionsResult method in the activity inside which fragment is implemented rather than calling it in fragment itself.
Inside onCreateView method in fragment:
Button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
#Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getActivity(), Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
if (permissionCheck != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(), new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_MEDIA);
}else{
//Do your work
fetchMethod();
}
}
});
In the Activity which helps to implement fragment, outside of onCreate method:
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_MEDIA:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
fetchMethod();
}else{
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Permission not granted!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}

If you closed your permission of app from settings , you can not open your permission from code or your android version lower than Marshmallow.
You can check this documentation
https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html
And this is a example
https://www.learn2crack.com/2015/10/android-marshmallow-permissions.html

I was getting tripped up using checkSelfPermission() in a Fragment and wondering what would be the best approach for Context being null (Kotlin specific)... should I use !! or something else?
I went with something else based on code I found in iosched. Have a look at the sample below, and remember, before the Fragment is attached to an Activity, the Context will be null.
private fun fineLocationPermissionApproved(): Boolean {
val context = context ?: return false
return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == checkSelfPermission(
context,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
)
}

To check permission within a fragment, I did the following.
Before onCreateView in Fragment add the following,
private final int STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE = 1;
private Activity mActivity;
#Override
public void onAttach(#NotNull Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
mActivity = (Activity) context;
}
Check the permission,
if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mActivity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED))
{
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(mActivity, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(mActivity)
.setTitle("Permission needed")
.setMessage("Allow "+getResources().getString(R.string.app_name)+" to access your storage?")
.setPositiveButton("ok", (dialog, which) -> ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(mActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE)
)
.setNegativeButton("cancel", (dialog, which) -> {
dialog.dismiss();
Toast.makeText(mActivity, "Please allow this permission!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
})
.create().show();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(mActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE);
}
}
Place the following code in MainActivity to enable permission from the app's settings if the user denied the permission forever.
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, #NonNull String[] permissions, #NonNull int[] grantResults)
{
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == STORAGE_PERMISSION_CODE) {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Permission GRANTED", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
//Now further we check if used denied permanently or not
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
// 1. The user has temporarily denied permission.
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission DENIED", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
// 2. Permission has been denied.
// From here, you can access the setting's page.
new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
.setTitle("Permission Required")
.setMessage("This permission was already declined by you. Please open settings, go to \"Permissions\", and allow the permission.")
.setPositiveButton("Settings", (dialog, which) -> {
final Intent i = new Intent();
i.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
i.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + MainActivity.this.getPackageName()));
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY);
i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS);
MainActivity.this.startActivity(i);
})
.setNegativeButton("cancel", (dialog, which) -> {
dialog.dismiss();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please allow this permission!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
})
.create().show();
}
}
}
}

If anyone is interested in Kotlin call permission.
private fun directCall() {
val numberText = phoneNo
val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL)
intent.data = Uri.parse("tel:$numberText")
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(requireContext(),Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
{
if(ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(requireActivity(), Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)){
Toast.makeText(requireContext(), "Permission denied.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
return //<-- Check user input history if user already denied then second time not request and not ask.
}
else{
requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE),1)
return //<--return will call onRequestPermissionsResult and wait for user input.
}
}
startActivity(intent)
}
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int,permissions: Array<out String>,grantResults: IntArray) {
if (requestCode == requestPhoneCall && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
directCall()
}else{
Toast.makeText(requireContext(), "Permission denied", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
return
}
}

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( getActivity(),Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
its working in my case

checkSelfPermission not working in fragments?? we can try this code
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M &&
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
getActivity(),Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { requestPermissions(new String[].
{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); //After this point you wait for
callback in onRequestPermissionsResult(int, String[], int[]) overriden
method } else { // Android version is lesser than 6.0 or the permission
is already granted. List<String> contacts = getContactNames();
}

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getActivity(),Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
//After this point you wait for callback in onRequestPermissionsResult(int, String[], int[]) overriden method
} else {
// Android version is lesser than 6.0 or the permission is already granted.
List contacts = getContactNames();
}

To check permissions inside a fragment
we should use requestPermissions instead of ActivityCompat.requestPermissions
// Replace with Permissions you need to check.
requestPermissions(arrayOf(
"android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION",
"android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"
), YOUR_REQUEST_CODE)
Then override onRequestPermissionsResult as uduel
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(
requestCode: Int,
permissions: Array<String>,
grantResults: IntArray
) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
if (requestCode == YOUR_REQUEST_CODE) {
if (
grantResults.isNotEmpty() &&
grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
// Permission granted
Log.d("onRequestPermissionsResult", "permission granted")
} else {
// Permission was denied. Display an error message.
Log.d("onRequestPermissionsResult", "permission denied")
}
}
}

Android M permission of the tested READ_PHONE_STATE(dangerous permissions)

If the device is running Android 6.0 or higher when im trying to get phone number using getLine1Number():
java.lang.SecurityException: Requires READ_PHONE_STATE: Neither user 10184 nor current process has android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE.
This is coming out.
I declared permission as :
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

In Android 6.0, you need to explicitly ask the user to grant the permissions. Just declaring it in the manifest isn't enough.
This article in the docs is a great place to start learning the new model, but I'll give a brief summary.
Every time you perform an action that requires a "dangerous permission," you need to check if the permission is currently granted, because the user can revoke it at any time.
This can be done with the checkSelfPermission method.
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// We do not have this permission. Let's ask the user
}
You can request the permission with the requestPermissions method, as such
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE}, PERMISSION_READ_STATE);
Where PERMISSION_READ_STATE is a constant integer defined by you to check in the callback method later.
You will then override onRequestPermissionsResult in your activity and see if the permission was granted. If it was, you can go ahead and preform the dangerous action.
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PERMISSION_READ_STATE: {
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission granted!
// you may now do the action that requires this permission
} else {
// permission denied
}
return;
}
}
}

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView textView;
String device_unique_id,IMEI;
private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE = 0;
#Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView);
}
public void GetImei(View view)
{
loadIMEI();
}
public void loadIMEI() {
// Check if the READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already available.
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)) {
// get_imei_data();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE);
}
} else {
TelephonyManager mngr = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
IMEI = mngr.getDeviceId();
device_unique_id = Settings.Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(),
Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
textView.setText(device_unique_id+"----"+mngr.getDeviceId());
// READ_PHONE_STATE permission is already been granted.
Toast.makeText(this,"Alredy granted",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, #NonNull String[] permissions,#NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_PHONE_STATE) {
if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Toast.makeText(this,"Alredy DONE",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
TelephonyManager mngr = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
IMEI = mngr.getDeviceId();
device_unique_id = Settings.Secure.getString(this.getContentResolver(),Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID);
textView.setText(device_unique_id+"----"+mngr.getDeviceId());
} else {
Toast.makeText(this,"ehgehfg",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}

When to request permission at runtime for Android Marshmallow 6.0?

I am testing my app on Marshmallow 6.0 and it's getting force closed for the android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, even if it is defined in the Manifest already. Somewhere I have read that if I request permission at runtime then it would not force close your application. I have read this android document also, which is for requesting runtime permission.
So, I came to know that we can request a permission like below which is mentioned in the android document.
// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Should we show an explanation?
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
// Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
// this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
// sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
} else {
// No explanation needed, we can request the permission.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
// MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
// app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
// result of the request.
}
}
The above code has a callback method onRequestPermissionsResult which gets the result.
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
}
}
My question is where to exactly request the permission to user? Should we use the requesting permission at start of the app or should we do it as when the permission is required?

This is worked for me !!!
In Your Splash Activity of your application do the following,
1) Declare an int variable for request code,
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = 2;
2) Declare a string array with the number of permissions you need,
String[] mPermission = {Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, Manifest.permission.READ_SMS,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};
3) Next Check the condition for runtime permission on your onCreate method,
try {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[0])
!= MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[1])
!= MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[2])
!= MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[3])
!= MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
mPermission, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
// If any permission aboe not allowed by user, this condition will execute every tim, else your else part will work
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
4) Now Declare onRequestPermissionsResult method to check the request code,
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
Log.e("Req Code", "" + requestCode);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION) {
if (grantResults.length == 4 &&
grantResults[0] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
grantResults[1] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
grantResults[2] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
grantResults[3] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Success Stuff here
}
}
}

Do like this
private static final int REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 111;
In your onCreate
boolean hasPermissionLocation = (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(),
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);
if (!hasPermissionLocation) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(ThisActivity.this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
}
then check result
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode)
{
case REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: {
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
{
Toast.makeText(ThisActivity.this, "Permission granted.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//reload my activity with permission granted
finish();
startActivity(getIntent());
} else
{
Toast.makeText(ThisActivity.this, "The app was not allowed to get your location. Hence, it cannot function properly. Please consider granting it this permission", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
}

In general, request needed permissions it as soon as you need them. This way you can inform the user why you need the permission and handle permission denies much easier.
Think of scenarios where the user revokes the permission while your app runs: If you request it at startup and never check it later this could lead to unexpected behaviour or exceptions.

In my opinion, there is no one correct answer to your question. I strongly suggest you to look at this official permissions patterns page.
Couple of things suggested by Google :
"Your permissions strategy depends on the clarity and importance of the permission type you are requesting. These patterns offer different ways of introducing permissions to the user."
"Critical permissions should be requested up-front. Secondary permissions may be requested in-context."
"Permissions that are less clear should provide education about what the permission involves, whether done up-front or in context."
This illustration might give you better understanding.
Maybe the most crucial thing here is that whether you ask the permission up-front or in the context, you should always keep in mind that these permissions can be revoked anytime by the user (e.g. your app is still running, in background).
You should make sure that your app doesn't crash just because you asked the permission on the very beginning of the app and assumed that user didn't change his/her preference about that permission.

For requesting runtime permission i use GitHub Library
Add library in Build.gradle file
dependencies {
compile 'gun0912.ted:tedpermission:1.0.3'
}
Create Activity and add PermissionListener
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
#Override
protected void onCreate(#Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
PermissionListener permissionlistener = new PermissionListener() {
#Override
public void onPermissionGranted() {
Toast.makeText(RationaleDenyActivity.this, "Permission Granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//Camera Intent and access Location logic here
}
#Override
public void onPermissionDenied(ArrayList<String> deniedPermissions) {
Toast.makeText(RationaleDenyActivity.this, "Permission Denied\n" + deniedPermissions.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
new TedPermission(this)
.setPermissionListener(permissionlistener)
.setRationaleTitle(R.string.rationale_title)
.setRationaleMessage(R.string.rationale_message) // "we need permission for access camera and find your location"
.setDeniedTitle("Permission denied")
.setDeniedMessage("If you reject permission,you can not use this service\n\nPlease turn on permissions at [Setting] > [Permission]")
.setGotoSettingButtonText("Settings")
.setPermissions(Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
.check();
}
}
string.xml
<resources>
<string name="rationale_title">Permission required</string>
<string name="rationale_message">we need permission for read <b>camera</b> and find your <b>location</b></string>
</resources>

Android Easy Runtime Permissions with Dexter:
1. Dexter Permissions Library
To get started with Dexter, add the dependency in your build.gradle
dependencies {
// Dexter runtime permissions
implementation 'com.karumi:dexter:4.2.0'
}
1.1 Requesting Single Permission
To request a single permission, you can use withPermission() method by passing the required permission. You also need a PermissionListener callback to receive the state of the permission.
> onPermissionGranted() will be called once the permission is granted.
> onPermissionDenied() will be called when the permission is denied. Here you can check whether the permission is permanently denied by using response.isPermanentlyDenied() condition.
The below code requests CAMERA permission.
Dexter.withActivity(this)
.withPermission(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
.withListener(new PermissionListener() {
#Override
public void onPermissionGranted(PermissionGrantedResponse response) {
// permission is granted, open the camera
}
#Override
public void onPermissionDenied(PermissionDeniedResponse response) {
// check for permanent denial of permission
if (response.isPermanentlyDenied()) {
// navigate user to app settings
}
}
#Override
public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(PermissionRequest permission, PermissionToken token) {
token.continuePermissionRequest();
}
}).check();
1.2 Requesting Multiple Permissions
To request multiple permissions at the same time, you can use withPermissions() method. Below code requests STORAGE and LOCATION permissions.
Dexter.withActivity(this)
.withPermissions(
Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
.withListener(new MultiplePermissionsListener() {
#Override
public void onPermissionsChecked(MultiplePermissionsReport report) {
// check if all permissions are granted
if (report.areAllPermissionsGranted()) {
// do you work now
}
// check for permanent denial of any permission
if (report.isAnyPermissionPermanentlyDenied()) {
// permission is denied permenantly, navigate user to app settings
}
}
#Override
public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(List<PermissionRequest> permissions, PermissionToken token) {
token.continuePermissionRequest();
}
})
.onSameThread()
.check();

A good explanation and HowTo can be found here:
https://inthecheesefactory.com/blog/things-you-need-to-know-about-android-m-permission-developer-edition/en
I wrote this code to check and request the permissions at runtime in a BaseActivity.class which is parent of every other Activity.class I implemented:
public static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST = 42;
public static final int MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST = 43;
//Marshmallow Permission Model
public boolean requestPermission(String permission /* Manifest.permission...*/) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
new String[]{permission}, PERMISSION_REQUEST
);
else {
requestPermissions(new String[]{permission},
PERMISSION_REQUEST);
}
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
public boolean requestPermission(String... permissions) {
final List<String> permissionsList = new ArrayList<String>();
for (String perm : permissions) {
addPermission(permissionsList, perm);
}
if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
requestPermissions(permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST);
else
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST);
return false;
} else
return true;
}
private boolean addPermission(List<String> permissionsList, String permission) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionsList.add(permission);
// Check for Rationale Option
if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
if (!shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission))
return false;
}
return true;
}
#Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PERMISSION_REQUEST:
case MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST: {
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission was granted, yay! Do the
// contacts-related task you need to do.
} else {
// permission denied, boo! Disable the
// functionality that depends on this permission.
}
return;
}
// other 'case' lines to check for other
// permissions this app might request
}
}
Simply example call:
activity.requestPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
Return result will let you know if the permission is already granted or not.

calling this function we can allow user to open dialog for asking permission to allow camera and record Audio.
if ( ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) ||
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this,
Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) ) {
Toast.makeText (this,
R.string.permissions_needed,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show ();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions (
this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
CAMERA_MIC_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
}

https://material.io/guidelines/patterns/permissions.html
This link will give you different type of scenario where permissions can be asked. Choose accordingly to your needs.

I like short code. I use RxPermission for permissions.
RxPermission is best library, which makes permission code unexpected just 1 line.
RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
rxPermissions
.request(Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) // ask single or multiple permission once
.subscribe(granted -> {
if (granted) {
// All requested permissions are granted
} else {
// At least one permission is denied
}
});
add in your build.gradle
allprojects {
repositories {
...
maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
}
}
dependencies {
implementation 'com.github.tbruyelle:rxpermissions:0.10.1'
implementation 'com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:2.1.1'
}
Isn't this easy?

if ( ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) ||
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this,
Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) ) {
Toast.makeText (this,
R.string.permissions_needed,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show ();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions (
this,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
CAMERA_MIC_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
}

Develop Reference

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