Calculate the overlap area of arbitrary shapes - java

I'm trying to figure out what is the best way to calculate the overlap area of two arbitrary polygons in Java.
Here's the research I've done so far:
I've read the documentation of Area class (from java.awt.geom). It doesn't seem to support this option.
I've tried looking at other classes that may support this, and were offered in other similar occasions (classes that implement Shape interface for example). None of them seemed to have this option.
I am aware that there are 3rd party modules that support this, but I'm looking for one with free license for every use (including commercial use).
Some more details about the Polygons:
The only assumption about the polygons is that they are "simple" - i.e - not containing any holes.
Polygons are given as a list of coordinates. I also have the Area and GeneralPath objects that represents them.
Is there any way to achieve this task in Java without downloading external libraries?
The only solution I thought of this far is to create for both a set of inner points by finding the bounding rectangle, and using Area's contain function, and then finding the union of both of these sets. The problem with this solution is that it's very inefficient.

You need polygon clipping algorithm suitable for non-convex polygons. Some known algorithms:
Vatti's algorithm, works with arbitrary polygons, including complex, used in Clipper library
Weiler-Atherton algorithm
Greiner-Hormann algorithm , page has links to some implementations

Related

Collision / distance to volumes from point in OpenGL ES on Android

is user inside volume OpenGL ES Java Android
I have an opengl renderer that shows airspaces.
I need to calculate if my location already converted in float[3] is inside many volumes.
I also want to calculate the distance with the nearest volume.
Volumes are random shapes extruded along z axis.
What is the most efficient algorithm to do that?
I don t want to use external library.
What you have here is a Nearest Neighbor Search problem. Since your meshes are constant and won't change, you should probably use a space partioning algorithm. It's a big topic but, in short, you generally need to use a tree structure and sort all the objects to be put into various tree nodes. You'll need to pre-calculate the tree itself. There are plenty of books and tutorials on the net about space partioning, and you could also at source code of, for example, id Software products like Doom, Quake etc. to see how this algorithms (BSP, at least) are used. The efficiency of each algorithm depends on what you have and what you need. Using BSP trees, for example, you'll have the objects sorted from nearest to farthest so you can quickly get the one you need.

Java library to find all polygons containing a point

I have to store a set of 2D polygons in memory (less than 1000) in a structure which allows to find efficiently the ones containing a point. Polygons never change and contain about 10 points.
I have to launch the query about 10000 times per second.
I guess a structure using quad trees or similar and bounding boxes of the polygons would do this as I need.
Does anybody know a free java library offering this service ?
I don't think there's such a service, but as a structure you can use https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/awt/Polygon.html. You even have a method to check for point inclusion.

Using an SVG file as texture in raytracer

I am creating my own ray-tracer for fun and learning. One of the features I want to add is the ability to use SVG files as textures directly.
The simple and straight forward way to do this would be to simply render the SVG to another more "lookup-friendly" raster format first and feed that as a regular texture to be used during ray tracing. However I don't want to do that.
Instead I want to actually "trace" the SVG itself directly. So I would like to know are there any SVG libraries for Java that has an API that would lend it self to be used in this manner? It would need some call that takes as input a float point2D[] and returns float colorRGBA[] as an output.
If not what would be the best approach to do this?
I don't know much about Java libraries but most likely they do not suit you too well. The main reasons are:
Most libraries are meant to render pictures and are unsuitable for random look up.
More importantly the SVG texture data does not filter naturally all that well. We know how to build good mipmaps of images and filtering them is easy reducing pressure on your raytracers super sampling need.
Then there is the complexity of SVG itself, something like SVG filters (blur) will be prohibitively expensive to calculate in a random sampling context.
Now if we sidestep option three (3), which is indeed a quite hard problem as it really requires you to do rasterization or something other out of the ordinary. Then there are algorithmic options:
You can actually raytrace the SVG in 2D. This would probably work out well for you as your doing a ray tracer anyway. So all you need to do is shoot rays inside the 2d model and see if your sample point is inside the shape or not. Just shoot a ray to a arbitrary direction and count intersections to see if your inside the shape or not. Simply your ray will intersect the shape a odd number of times if your inside the shape.
Image 1: Intersection testing. (originally posted here) Glancing hits must be excluded (most tracers consider that a miss anyway for this reason even in 3D)
Pairing this tracing with a BSP-Tree or a Quadtree should make this sufficiently performant. All you need is to implement a similar shader support as your standard raytracer and you can handle alpha and gradfients + some of the filters like noise. But sill no luck with blurs without a lot of sampling.
You can also use a texture as a precomputed result for a mipmap and only ask for rendering for a small view box when reaching a mipmap level that does not exist yet using a standard library with a limited window size. This would naturally work better for you and by caching the data you can remove the number of calls. Without the caching it might be too expensive to use. But you can try, (if the system supports clipping your svg). Thsi may not be as easy as it sounds.
You can use your 3d raytracer for this, so instead you shoot rays head on. All you need to do is implement a tracing set logic and you can then triangulate the SVG and use your normal tracing logic to do this. How to describe bezier curves as triangles is described in this nvidia publication. So your changes might be minimal.
Hope this helps even if its not a use this library answer. There is a reason why you do not see this implemented very often.

How to determine the position of a car inside an image?

Is it possible to analyse an image and determine the position of a car inside it?
If so, how would you approach this problem?
I'm working with a relatively small data-set (50-100) and most images will look similar to the following examples:
I'm mostly interested in only detecting vertical coordinates, not the actual shape of the car. For example, this is the area I want to highlight as my final output:
You could try OpenCV which has an object detection API. But you would need to "train" it...by supplying it with a large set of images that contained "cars".
http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/objdetect.html
http://robocv.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/real-time-object-detection-in-opencv.html
http://blog.davidjbarnes.com/2010/04/opencv-haartraining-object-detection.html
Look at the 2nd link above and it shows an example of detecting and creating a bounding box around the object....you could use that as a basis for what you want to do.
http://www.behance.net/gallery/Vehicle-Detection-Tracking-and-Counting/4057777
Various papers:
http://cbcl.mit.edu/publications/theses/thesis-masters-leung.pdf
http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/wi08/cse190-a/reports/scheung.pdf
Various image databases:
http://cogcomp.cs.illinois.edu/Data/Car/
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/Imagedbase.htm
http://cbcl.mit.edu/software-datasets/CarData.html
1) Your first and second images have two cars in them.
2) If you only have 50-100 images, I can almost guarantee that classifying them all by hand will be faster than writing or adapting an algorithm to recognize cars and deliver coordinates.
3) If you're determined to do this with computer vision, I'd recommend OpenCV. Tutorial here: http://docs.opencv.org/doc/tutorials/tutorials.html
You can use openCV latentSVM detector to detect the car and plot a bounding box around it:
http://docs.opencv.org/modules/objdetect/doc/latent_svm.html
No need to train a new model using HaarCascade, as there is already a trained model for cars:
https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_extra/tree/master/testdata/cv/latentsvmdetector/models_VOC2007
This is a supervised machine learning problem. You will need to use an API that features learning algorithms as colinsmith suggested or do some research and write on of your own. Python is pretty good for machine learning (it's what I use, personally) and has some nice tools like scikit: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/
I'd suggest for you to look into HAAR classifiers. Since you mentioned you have a set of 50-100 images, you can use this to build up a training dataset for the classifier and use it to classify your images.
You can also look into SURF and SIFT algorithms for the specified problem.

Detecting if multiple bent lines intersect

I'm in the process of making a swimlane diagram but can't come up with a good algorithm to automatically lay out the lines that connect the nodes in the diagram. What I essentially want is this.
However, I don't have any protection against lines overlapping or intersecting right now and it sometimes gets very messy.
Does anyone know a way to detect if a line will intersect ANY of the lines already drawn?
One idea that I've come up with is to store the paths in an array or table and check the entire table every time a new line is slated to be drawn but that does not seem efficient.
I'm doing this in javascript and java through the use of GWT so maybe there is an easy way to solve this using one of the tools provided by these languages?
If your real issue is to minimize the line intersections, there are several algorithms that try to accomplish this in diagrams. Check this link for example, there are also more algorithms that are used in auto routing for electric design automation that are also used in this kind of diagrams, like Lee algorithm, or A* Algorithm.
I don't know if the tools that you are using have enough flexibility to implement this kind of algorithms, usually you need to implement your own heuristic according to the specific type of diagram, but I hope that this links are enough to give you good ideas.
Minimizing the line intersections in a graph is a difficult NP-Hard problem, check this link (about the crossing number) for more information.
Good luck.

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