Problem: Given K sorted arrays of size N each, merge them and print the sorted output.
Sample Input-1:
K = 3, N = 4
arr[][] = { {1, 3, 5, 7},
{2, 4, 6, 8},
{0, 9, 10, 11}} ;
Sample Output-1:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
I know there is a way to do this problem using a priority queue/min heap, but I want to do it using the merge procedure from mergeSort. The idea seems straightforward enough...at each iteration, merge the remaining arrays in groups of two, such that the number of arrays gets halved at each iteration.
However, whenever halving leads to an odd number, this becomes problematic.
My idea is that whenever halving leads to an odd number, we take care of the extra array by merging it with the array formed from the last merge.
The code I have so far is below. This only works on one out of 30 test cases, however:
static int[] mergeArrays(int[][] arr) {
int k = arr.length;
int n = arr[0].length;
if(k < 2){
return arr[0];
}
boolean odd_k;
if(k%2){
odd_k = false;
}
else{
odd_k = true;
}
while(k > 1){
int o;
if(odd_k){
o = (k/2) + 1;
}
else{
o = k/2;
}
int[][] out = new int[o][];
for(int i=0; i < k; i = i + 2){
int[] a;
int[] b;
if(odd_k && i == (k-1)){
b = arr[i];
b = out[i-1];
}
else{
a = arr[i];
b = arr[i+1];
}
out[i] = mergeTwo(a, b);
}
k = k/2;
if(k % 2 == 0){
odd_k = false;
}
else{
odd_k = true;
}
arr = out;
}
return arr[0];
}
static int[] mergeTwo(int[] a, int[] b){
int[] c = new int[a.length + b.length];
int i, j, k;
i = j = k = 0;
while(i < a.length && j < b.length){
if(a[i] < b[j]){
c[k] = a[i];
i++;
k++;
}
else{
c[k] = b[j];
j++; k++;
}
}
if(i < a.length){
while(i < a.length){
c[k] = a[i];
i++; k++;
}
}
if(j < b.length){
while(j < b.length){
c[k] = b[j];
j++; k++;
}
}
return c;
}
We can shorten your mergeTwo implementation,
static int[] mergeTwo(int[] a, int[] b) {
int[] c = new int[a.length + b.length];
int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; // declare and initialize on one line
while (i < a.length && j < b.length) {
if (a[i] <= b[j]) {
c[k++] = a[i++]; // increment and assign
} else {
c[k++] = b[j++]; // increment and assign
}
}
// No need for extra if(s)
while (i < a.length) {
c[k++] = a[i++];
}
while (j < b.length) {
c[k++] = b[j++];
}
return c;
}
And we can then fix your mergeArrays and shorten it by starting with the first row from the int[][] and then using mergeTwo to concatenate the arrays iteratively. Like,
static int[] mergeArrays(int[][] arr) {
int[] t = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
t = mergeTwo(t, arr[i]);
}
return t;
}
I then tested it with
public static void main(String[] args) {
int arr[][] = { { 1, 3, 5, 7 }, { 2, 4, 6, 8 }, { 0, 9, 10, 11 } };
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(mergeArrays(arr)));
}
And I get (as expected)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
As you say you have merged two arrays at a time. As it is inefficient you can merge all subarrays same time. What you have to do is to find the minimum from every subarray and remember the position of that element.
To do that we can use another array (say curPos) to remember the current position
private int[] merge(int[][] arr)
{
int K = arr.length;
int N = arr[0].length;
/** array to keep track of non considered positions in subarrays **/
int[] curPos = new int[K];
/** final merged array **/
int[] mergedArray = new int[K * N];
int p = 0;
while (p < K * N)
{
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int minPos = -1;
/** search for least element **/
for (int i = 0; i < K; i++)
{
if (curPos[i] < N)
{
if (arr[i][curPos[i]] < min)
{
min = arr[i][curPos[i]];
minPos = i;
}
}
}
curPos[minPos]++;
mergedArray[p++] = min;
}
return mergedArray;
Probably the easiest way to handle this is to use a queue of arrays. Initially, add all the arrays to the queue. Then, remove the first two arrays from the queue, merge them, and add the resulting array to the queue. Continue doing that until there is only one array in the queue. Something like:
for each array in list of arrays
queue.push(array)
while queue.length > 1
a1 = queue.pop()
a2 = queue.pop()
a3 = merge(a1, a2)
queue.push(a3)
result = queue.pop()
That simplifies things quite a bit, and the problem of "halving" goes away.
I'm trying to write a method that takes a sorted array and an integer, creates a new array that is 1 size larger, and inserts the new integer and keeps it sorted.
I've tried a few different implementations and had them to work - but for this specific one, I can't grasp where it's going wrong.
int[] array1 = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8};
int[] printArray = insert(array1, 5);
are the arrays, and the method is
public static int[] insert(int[] a, int k) {
int[] s = new int[a.length + 1];
for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
if(k < s[i]) {
s[i] = k;
for(int j = i + 1; j < s.length; j++) {
s[j] = a[i];
i++;
}
return s;
} else {
s[i] = a[i];
}
}
return s;
}
This method prints out 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 0, instead of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Change
if(k < s[i]) {
to
if(k < a[i]) {
in line 4.
Actually in the following line you are creating an array with all elements zero:
int[] s = new int[a.length + 1];
s[0] to s[7] will be 0.
Your loop counter i runs from 0 to a.length but the point to note is all the elements of array s will be zero. You are comparing k with s[i] which is zero and for that reason the shifting of arrays never happen (if block never executes).
You need to do two things to fix it.
Initialize element zero of s with the value of a[0].
Compare element with previous element to figure out position to insert.
The final code is:
public static int[] insert(int[] a, int k) {
int[] s = new int[a.length + 1];
s[0] = a[0];
for(int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
if(k < s[i-1]) {
s[i] = k;
for(int j = i + 1; j < s.length; j++) {
s[j] = a[i];
i++;
}
return s;
} else {
s[i] = a[i];
}
}
return s;
}
Now you will get:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7, 8]
I would start by using Arrays.copyOf(int[], int) to create a new array that is one larger than the input. Then iterate that array until I reached the index that the new value belongs at. Then use System.arraycopy(Object,int,Object,int,int) to copy the values into the end of the array. That might look something like
public static int[] insert(int[] a, int k) {
int[] s = Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
if (a[i] < k) {
continue;
}
System.arraycopy(a, i, s, i + 1, s.length - i - 1);
s[i] = k;
break;
}
return s;
}
Which I tested with Arrays.toString(int[]) like
public static void main(String s[]) throws IOException {
int[] array1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 };
int[] printArray = insert(array1, 5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(printArray));
}
And I get the (expected)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
I have a code that sums the consecutive even numbers and consecutive odd numbers, then adds them to an arraylist. This process should be repeated until there are no more consecutive odd or even numbers in the list. Then returns the size of the arraylist.
I used nested for loops and the problem is the loops check the same index which doesn't make sense.
Here's my code:
public static int SumGroups(int[] arr) {
ArrayList<Integer> arl = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int even = 0, odd = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
if (arr[i] % 2 == 0) {
even += arr[i];
if (arr[j] % 2 == 0) {
even += arr[j];
} else {
arl.add(even);
even = 0;
break;
}
} else {
odd += arr[i];
if (arr[j] % 2 != 0) {
odd += arr[j];
} else {
arl.add(odd);
odd = 0;
break;
}
}
}
}
return arl.size();
}
My Question is:
How to prevent loops from checking the same index ?
in other words, how to make my code sums the consecutive even numbers and consecutive odd numbers ?
Input:
int arr[]={2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 5, 0, 2, 0, 5, 5, 7, 7, 4, 3, 3, 9};
Output:
6 // [2, 1, 10, 5, 30, 15]
I think the following code should solve the problem, if you do not want to output the size simply return `sums` instead of `sums.size()`
public static int sumGroupsRecursively(int[] arr) {
List<Integer> numbersToSum = IntStream.of(arr).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
List<Integer> currentSumList = sumSublist(numbersToSum);
List<Integer> nextSumList = sumSublist(currentSumList);
while (currentSumList.size() != nextSumList.size()) {
currentSumList = nextSumList;
nextSumList = sumSublist(currentSumList);
}
return nextSumList.size();
}
public static List<Integer> sumSublist(List<Integer> list) {
int current = list.get(0);
int currentSum = 0;
List<Integer> sums = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (current % 2 == list.get(i) % 2) {
currentSum += list.get(i);
} else {
sums.add(currentSum);
current = list.get(i);
currentSum = current;
}
}
sums.add(currentSum);
return sums;
}
If you need to do this in one function what I would discourage because it is harder to read you could use code like this.
public static Integer sumSublist(int[] arr) {
List<Integer> sums = new ArrayList<>();
sums.add(0);
int i = 0;
while (i < arr.length - 1) {
int current = arr[i];
int currentSum = 0;
while (current % 2 == arr[i] % 2) {
currentSum += arr[i];
if (i >= arr.length - 1) {
break;
}
i++;
}
if (currentSum % 2 == sums.get(sums.size()-1) % 2) {
sums.set(sums.size() - 1, sums.get(sums.size()-1) + currentSum);
} else {
sums.add(currentSum);
}
}
return sums.size();
}
You are entering your first for loop passing in arr. Inside the first for loop you enter a second for loop passing in arr a second time. This means that you enter the second for loop as many times as there are elements in arr and transverse arr in the second for loop every single time.
for example, if arr.length() was 2 you would transverse arr 3 times. Once in your outer for loop and twice (once for each element in arr) in your inner loop.
Second, by adding both the odd and even numbers to your arraylist, you are doing nothing but reconstructing arr but in an arraylist rather than array. Therefor, returning arl.size() is the exact same as returning arr.length() which is already known and much easier to do.
Despite that, here is how I would calculate the sum of the odd and evens. I add both to different arraylists. You'll need to figure out exactly what you need to return though because your description is off.
public void test(){
int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[0] = 1;
arr[1] = 2;
arr[2] = 3;
arr[3] = 4;
arr[4] = 5;
int testOfEven = 6;
int testOfOdd = 9;
int sumOfEven = 0;
int sumOfOdd = 0;
ArrayList evens = new ArrayList<Integer>();
ArrayList odds = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
{
if ((arr[i]%2) == 0)
{
evens.add(arr[i]);
sumOfEven += arr[i];
}
else
{
odds.add(arr[i]);
sumOfOdd += arr[i];
}
}
assertEquals(testOfEven, sumOfEven);
assertEquals(testOfOdd, sumOfOdd);
}
after playing some time, here is my version:
public static int SumGroups(final int[] arr) {
if (arr.length > 0) {
int n, sum, psum;
psum = sum = n = arr[0] & 1; // parity of first number in sequence
int s = 1; // at least one element in array
int f = 0; // discard first parity change
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (n == (arr[i] & 1)) {
sum = (sum + n) & 1; // both even or odd, just increase sum
} else {
s += (psum ^ sum) & f; // compare sums parity
psum = sum; // store current sum's parity
sum = n = arr[i] & 1; // new first number in sequence
f = 1; // do not discard sums parity next time
}
}
s += (psum ^ sum) & f; // array ended, check parity of last sum
return s;
}
return 0;
}
I've put comments, but still some additional notes:
basic idea is the same as #PKuhn, just checked for some edge cases (empty array, integer overflow)
we don't need to have array of sums, we need just previous sum and check parity of it with newly calculated one
sum = (sum + n) & 1 - we don't need to calculate whole sum, we need just parity of the sum
s += (psum ^ sum) & f - we need to increase swap counter only if parity changed, xor helps us to get 1 if changed and 0 if not
Here is the list of tests which I've used:
Assert.assertEquals(6, SumGroups(new int[] { 2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 5, 0, 2, 0, 5, 5, 7, 7, 4, 3, 3, 9 }));
Assert.assertEquals(6, SumGroups(new int[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 6, 5, 0, 2, 0, 5, 5, 7, 7, 4, 3, 3, 9 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { 2, 3, 3 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { 2, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(2, SumGroups(new int[] { 3, 2, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(2, SumGroups(new int[] { 1, 3, 3, 2, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(2, SumGroups(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { 3, 3, 2, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2 }));
Assert.assertEquals(1, SumGroups(new int[] { Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 3 }));
public void findEvenOdd(int a[]){
Boolean flip = false;
int sum = 0, i, m = 0;
for (i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
if (flip) {
System.out.print(sum + "\t");
sum = a[i];
flip = !flip;
if (i + 1 < a.length && (a[i] % 2 != a[i + 1] % 2))
flip = !flip;
m++;
} else {
sum += a[i];
if (i + 1 < a.length && (a[i] % 2 != a[i + 1] % 2))
flip = !flip;
m++;
}
}
if(m!=a.length-1)
System.out.print(a[a.length-1] + "\t");
}
How would one go about filling in an array so that, for example, if you had the following array.
int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[0] = 1;
arr[1] = 3;
arr[2] = 7;
arr[3] = 2;
arr[4] = -4;
so it would look like
arr = {1, 3, 7, 2, -4};
and you would pass it into your method to get a result of
arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4};
so that you essentially are filling in the numeric gaps. I'd like to make this under the assumption that I don't know how long the array passed in is going to be to make it a more universal method.
my current method looks like such right now...
public static void fillArray(int[] numbers){
int length = numbers.length;
for(int i = 0; i < numbers.length - 1; i ++){
if(numbers[i] <= numbers[i + 1]){
length += numbers[i + 1] - numbers[i];
}else if(numbers[i + 1] < numbers[i]){
length += numbers[i + 1] - numbers[i];
}
}
}
I have length to determine the size of my new array. I think it should work but I'm always down for some input and advice.
Looks like homework, providing algorithm only:
Navigate through the elements of the current array.
Get the distance (absolute difference) between the elements in the array.
Summarize the distances.
Create a new array whose length would be the sum of the distances.
Fill the new array using the elements of the first array and filling the gaps.
Return the array.
Like Luiggi Mendoza said, looks like HW, so here's another algorithm:
insert the first element into a list of integers.
loop on the rest of the elements.
for each two array elements X[i-1], X[i], insert the missing integers to the list
after the loop - use guava to turn the List to array.
This works. just check for array size < 2 for safety.
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 3, 7, 2, -4};
Integer[] result = fillArray(arr);
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
System.out.println(result[i]);
}
}
private static Integer[] fillArray(int[] arr) {
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(arr[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
int prevItem = arr[i-1];
int gap = arr[i] - prevItem;
if(gap > 0){
fillGap(list, prevItem, gap, 1);
} else if(gap < 0){
fillGap(list, prevItem, gap, -1);
}
}
return list.toArray(new Integer[0]);
}
private static void fillGap(List<Integer> list, int start, int gap, int delta) {
int next = start+delta;
for (int j = 0; j < Math.abs(gap); j++) {
list.add(next);
next = next+delta;
}
}
Try
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ArrayGap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 3, 7, 2, -4};
int high, low;
List<Integer> out = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i=0; i<arr.length - 1; i++){
high = arr[i];
if(arr[i] < arr[i+1]){
for(int j=arr[i]; j<arr[i+1]; j++){
out.add(j);
}
} else {
for(int j=arr[i]; j>=arr[i+1]; j--){
out.add(j);
}
}
}
System.out.println(out);
}
}
I need to move all 0's in an array to the end of the array.
Example: [1, 10, 0, 5, 7] should result in [1, 10, 5, 7, 0].
I am open to doing a reverse loop or a regular loop.
I cannot create a new array.
Here is what I have so far:
for (int i = arr.length; i <= 0; --i) {
if (arr[i] != 0) {
arr[i] = arr.length - 1;
}
}
Thanks!
SIZE(n) where n = arr.size, retain ordering:
Create an array that is the same size as the initial array you need to remove 0s from. Iterate over the original array and add each element to the new array provided it is not 0. When you encounter a 0, count it. Now, when you've reached the end of the first array, simply add the counted number of 0s to the end of the array. And, even simpler, since Java initializes arrays to 0, you can forget about adding the zeroes at the end.
Edit
Since you have added the additional constraint of not being able to create a new array, we need to take a slightly different approach than the one I've suggested above.
SIZE(1)
I assume the array needs to remain in the same order as it was before the 0s were moved to the end. If this is not the case there is another trivial solution as detailed in Brads answer: initialize a "last zero" index to the last element of the array and then iterate backwards swapping any zeros with the index of the last zero which is decremented each time you perform a swap or see a zero.
SIZE(1), retain ordering:
To move the 0s to the end without duplicating the array and keeping the elements in the proper order, you can do exactly as I've suggested without duplicating the array but keeping two indices over the same array.
Start with two indices over the array. Instead of copying the element to the new array if it is not zero, leave it where it is and increment both indices. When you reach a zero, increment only one index. Now, if the two indices are not the same, and you are not looking at a 0, swap current element the location of the index that has fallen behind (due to encountered 0s). In both cases, increment the other index provided the current element is not 0.
It will look something like this:
int max = arr.length;
for (int i = 0, int j = 0; j < max; j++) {
if (arr[j] != 0) {
if (i < j) {
swap(arr, i, j);
}
i++
}
}
Running this on:
{ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 }
yeilds:
{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
I made a fully working version for anyone who's curious.
Two choices come to mind
Create a new array of the same size, then Iterate over your current array and only populate the new array with values. Then fill the remaining entries in the new array with "zeros"
Without creating a new array you can iterate over your current array backwards and when you encounter a "zero" swap it with the last element of your array. You'll need to keep a count of the number of "zero" elements swapped so that when you swap for a second time, you swap with the last-1 element, and so forth.
[Edit] 7 years after originally posting to address the "ordering" issue and "last element is zero" issues left in the comments
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] elements = new int[] {1,0,2,0,3,0};
int lastIndex = elements.length-1;
// loop backwards looking for zeroes
for(int i = lastIndex; i >=0; i--) {
if(elements[i] == 0) {
// found a zero, so loop forwards from here
for(int j = i; j < lastIndex; j++) {
if(elements[j+1] == 0 || j == lastIndex) {
// either at the end of the array, or we've run into another zero near the end
break;
}
else {
// bubble up the zero we found one element at a time to push it to the end
int temp = elements[j+1];
elements[j+1] = elements[j];
elements[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(elements));
}
}
Gives you...
[1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0]
Basic solution is to establish an inductive hypothesis that the subarray can be kept solved. Then extend the subarray by one element and maintain the hypothesis. In that case there are two branches - if next element is zero, do nothing. If next element is non-zero, swap it with the first zero in the row.
Anyway, the solution (in C# though) after this idea is optimized looks like this:
void MoveZeros(int[] a)
{
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < a.Length; j++)
if (a[j] != 0)
a[i++] = a[j];
while (i < a.Length)
a[i++] = 0;
}
There is a bit of thinking that leads to this solution, starting from the inductive solution which can be formally proven correct. If you're interested, the whole analysis is here: Moving Zero Values to the End of the Array
var size = 10;
var elemnts = [0, 0, 1, 4, 5, 0,-1];
var pos = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < elemnts.length; i++) {
if (elemnts[i] != 0) {
elemnts[pos] = elemnts[i];
pos++;
console.log(elemnts[i]);
}
}
for (var i = pos; i < elemnts.length; i++) {
elemnts[pos++] = 0;
console.log(elemnts[pos]);
}
int arrNew[] = new int[arr.length];
int index = 0;
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
if(arr[i]!=0){
arrNew[index]=arr[i];
index++;
}
}
Since the array of int's is initialized to zero(according to the language spec). this will have the effect you want, and will move everything else up sequentially.
Edit: Based on your edit that you cannot use a new array this answer doesnt cover your requirements. You would instead need to check for a zero(starting at the end of the array and working to the start) and swap with the last element of the array and then decrease the index of your last-nonzero element that you would then swap with next. Ex:
int lastZero = arr.length - 1;
if(arr[i] == 0){
//perform swap and decrement lastZero by 1 I will leave this part up to you
}
/// <summary>
/// From a given array send al zeros to the end (C# solution)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="numbersArray">The array of numbers</param>
/// <returns>Array with zeros at the end</returns>
public static int[] SendZerosToEnd(int[] numbersArray)
{
// Edge case if the array is null or is not long enough then we do
// something in this case we return the same array with no changes
// You can always decide to return an exception as well
if (numbersArray == null ||
numbersArray.Length < 2)
{
return numbersArray;
}
// We keep track of our second pointer and the last element index
int secondIndex = numbersArray.Length - 2,
lastIndex = secondIndex;
for (int i = secondIndex; i >= 0; i--)
{
secondIndex = i;
if (numbersArray[i] == 0)
{
// While our pointer reaches the end or the next element
// is a zero we swap elements
while (secondIndex != lastIndex ||
numbersArray[secondIndex + 1] != 0)
{
numbersArray[secondIndex] = numbersArray[secondIndex + 1];
numbersArray[secondIndex + 1] = 0;
++secondIndex;
}
// This solution is like having two pointers
// Also if we look at the solution you do not pass more than
// 2 times actual array will be resume as O(N) complexity
}
}
// We return the same array with no new one created
return numbersArray;
}
In case if question adds following condition.
Time complexity must be O(n) - You can iterate only once.
Extra
space complexity must be O(1) - You cannot create extra array.
Then following implementation will work fine.
Steps to be followed :
Iterate through array & maintain a count of non-zero elements.
Whenever we encounter a non-zero element put at count location in array & also increase the count.
Once array is iterated completely put the zeros at end of array till the count reach to original length of array.
public static void main(String args[]) {
int[] array = { 1, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0, 6, 0, 9 };
// Maintaining count of non zero elements
int count = -1;
// Iterating through array and copying non zero elements in front of array.
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] != 0)
array[++count] = array[i];
}
// Replacing end elements with zero
while (count < array.length - 1)
array[++count] = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
}
}
Time complexity = O(n), Space Complexity = O(1)
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ShiftZeroesToBack {
int[] array;
void shiftZeroes(int[] array) {
int previousK = 0;
int firstTime = 0;
for(int k = 0; k < array.length - 1; k++) {
if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] != 0 && firstTime != 0) {
int temp = array[previousK];
array[previousK] = array[k + 1];
array[k + 1] = temp;
previousK = previousK + 1;
continue;
}
if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] != 0) {
int temp = array[k];
array[k] = array[k + 1];
array[k + 1] = temp;
continue;
}
if(array[k] == 0 && array[k + 1] == 0) {
if(firstTime == 0) {
previousK = k;
firstTime = 1;
}
}
}
}
int[] input(Scanner scanner, int size) {
array = new int[size];
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
array[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}
return array;
}
void print() {
System.out.println();
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
System.out.print(array[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
ShiftZeroesToBack sztb = new ShiftZeroesToBack();
System.out.print("Enter Size of Array\t");
int size = scanner.nextInt();
int[] input = sztb.input(scanner, size);
sztb.shiftZeroes(input);
sztb.print();
}
}
let's say we have an array
[5,4,0,0,6,7,0,8,9]
Let's assume we have array elements between 0-100, now our goal is to move all 0's at the end of the array.
now hold 0 from the array and check it with non zero element if any non zero element found swap with that element and so on, at the end of the loop we will find the solution.
here is the code
for (int i = 0; i < outputArr.length; i++)
{
for (int j = i+1; j < outputArr.length; j++)
{
if(outputArr[i]==0 && outputArr[j]!=0){
int temp = outputArr[i];
outputArr[i] = outputArr[j];
outputArr[j] = temp;
}
}
print outputArr[i]....
}
output:
[5,4,6,7,8,9,0,0,0]
Here is how i have implemented this.
Time complexity: O(n) and Space Complexity: O(1)
Below is the code snippet:
int arr[] = {0, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 4, 0};
int i=0, k = 0;
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
for(i = 0; i<n; i++)
{
if(arr[i]==0)
continue;
arr[k++]=arr[i];
}
for(i=k;i<n;i++)
{
arr[i]=0;
}
output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
Explanation: using another variable k to hold index location, non-zero elements are shifted to the front while maintaining the order. After traversing the array, non-zero elements are shifted to the front of array and another loop starting from k is used to override the remaining positions with zeros.
This is my code with 2 for loops:
int [] arr = {0, 4, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 5, 0, 9,};
int temp;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
{
if (arr[i] == 0)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++)
{
if (arr[j] != 0)
{
temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
break;
}
}
}
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
output: [4, 2, 1, 1, 5, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer a[] = {10,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,70,6,7,8,0,4,0};
int flag = 0;int count =0;
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
if(a[i]==0 ) {
flag=1;
count++;
}else if(a[i]!=0) {
flag=0;
}
if(flag==0 && count>0 && a[i]!=0) {
a[i-count] = a[i];
a[i]=0;
}
}
}
This is One method of Moving the zeroes to the end of the array.
public class SeparateZeroes1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] a = {0,1,0,3,0,0,345,12,0,13};
movezeroes(a);
}
static void movezeroes(int[] a) {
int lastNonZeroIndex = 0;
// If the current element is not 0, then we need to
// append it just in front of last non 0 element we found.
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
if (a[i] != 0 ) {
a[lastNonZeroIndex++] = a[i];
}
}//for
// We just need to fill remaining array with 0's.
for (int i = lastNonZeroIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = 0;
}
System.out.println( lastNonZeroIndex );
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
}
}
This is very simple in Python. We will do it with list comprehension
a =[0,1,0,3,0,0,345,12,0,13]
def fix(a):
return ([x for x in a if x != 0] + [x for x in a if x ==0])
print(fix(a))
int[] nums = { 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 6, 7, 9, 3, 8, 0, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4 };
List<Integer> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
List<Integer> list2 = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (nums[i] == 3) {
list1.add(nums[i]);
} else if (nums[i] != 3) {
list2.add(nums[i]);
}
}
List<Integer> finalList = new ArrayList<>(list2);
finalList.addAll(list1);
}
}
int[] nums = {3,1,2,5,4,6,3,2,1,6,7,9,3,8,0,4,2,4,6,4};
int i = 0;
for(int j = 0, s = nums.length; j < s;) {
if(nums[j] == 3)
j++;
else {
int temp = nums[i];
nums[i] = nums[j];``
nums[j] = temp;
i ++;
j ++;
}
}
For Integer array it can be as simple as
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 10, 0, 5, 7 };
Arrays.sort(numbers, Comparator.comparing(n -> n == 0));
For int array :
int[] numbers = { 1, 10, 0, 5, 7 };
numbers = IntStream.of(numbers).boxed()
.sorted(Comparator.comparing(n -> n == 0))
.mapToInt(i->i).toArray();
Output of both:
[1, 10, 5, 7, 0]
Lets say, you have an array like
int a[] = {0,3,0,4,5,6,0};
Then you can sort it like,
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
for(int j=i+1;j<a.length;j++){
if(a[i]==0 && a[j]!=0){
a[i]==a[j];
a[j]=0;
}
}
}
public void test1(){
int [] arr = {0,1,0,4,0,3,2};
System.out.println("Lenght of array is " + arr.length);
for(int i=0; i < arr.length; i++){
for(int j=0; j < arr.length - i - 1; j++){
if(arr[j] == 0){
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[arr.length - i - 1];
arr[arr.length - i - 1] = temp;
}
}
}
for(int x = 0; x < arr.length; x++){
System.out.println(arr[x]);
}
}
Have a look at this function code:
vector<int> Solution::solve(vector<int> &arr) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++)
if (arr[i] != 0)
arr[count++] = arr[i];
while (count < arr.size())
arr[count++] = 0;
return arr;
}
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Solution {
public static int[] moveZerosToEnd(int[] arr) {
int j = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if(arr[i] != 0) {
swap(arr, i, j);
j++;
}
}
return arr;
}
private static void swap(int arr[], int i, int j){
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int arr[] =new int[] {1, 10, 0, 2, 8, 3, 0, 0, 6, 4, 0, 5, 7, 0 };
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(moveZerosToEnd(arr)));
}
}
Reimplemented this in Python:
Pythonic way:
lst = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]
for i, val in enumerate(lst):
if lst[i] == 0:
lst.pop(i)
lst.append(0)
print("{}".format(lst))
#dcow's implementation in python:
lst = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]
i = 0 # init the index value
for j in range(len(lst)): # using the length of list as the range
if lst[j] != 0:
if i < j:
lst[i], lst[j] = lst[j], lst[i] # swap the 2 elems.
i += 1
print("{}".format(lst))
a = [ 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 5, 0 ]
count = 0
for i in range(len(a)):
if a[i] != 0:
a[count], a[i] = a[i], a[count]
count += 1
print(a)
#op [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]