Develop Reference

Error while merging dex archives: Program type already present: org.apache.commons.io.Charsets

I'm trying to release APK in react native using ./gradlew bundleRelease I tried
Cleaning gradle
Adding multiDexEnabled true
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithDexMergerForRelease'.
com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException:
com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while
merging dex archives: Program type already present:
org.apache.commons.io.Charsets Learn how to resolve the issue at
https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes.
This is my build.gradle
buildscript {
ext {
buildToolsVersion = "28.0.3"
minSdkVersion = 23
compileSdkVersion = 28
targetSdkVersion = 28
supportLibVersion = "28.0.0"
googlePlayServicesVersion = "11+"
}
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.4.2'
classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.3'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
mavenLocal()
jcenter()
maven {
// All of React Native (JS, Obj-C sources, Android binaries) is installed from npm
url "$rootDir/../node_modules/react-native/android"
}
maven {
// Android JSC is installed from npm
url("$rootDir/../node_modules/jsc-android/dist")
}
}
}
app/build.gradle
apply plugin: "com.android.application"
import com.android.build.OutputFile
project.ext.react = [
entryFile: "index.js",
enableHermes: false
]
apply from: '../../node_modules/react-native-unimodules/gradle.groovy'
apply from: "../../node_modules/react-native/react.gradle"
/**
* Set this to true to create two separate APKs instead of one:
* - An APK that only works on ARM devices
* - An APK that only works on x86 devices
* The advantage is the size of the APK is reduced by about 4MB.
* Upload all the APKs to the Play Store and people will download
* the correct one based on the CPU architecture of their device.
*/
def enableSeparateBuildPerCPUArchitecture = false
/**
* Run Proguard to shrink the Java bytecode in release builds.
*/
def enableProguardInReleaseBuilds = false
android {
compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.package..."
minSdkVersion 23
targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
versionCode 33
versionName "33.0"
multiDexEnabled true
}
splits {
abi {
reset()
enable enableSeparateBuildPerCPUArchitecture
universalApk false // If true, also generate a universal APK
include "armeabi-v7a", "x86", "arm64-v8a", "x86_64"
}
}
signingConfigs {
release {
if (project.hasProperty('MYAPP_UPLOAD_STORE_FILE')) {
storeFile file(MYAPP_UPLOAD_STORE_FILE)
storePassword MYAPP_UPLOAD_STORE_PASSWORD
keyAlias MYAPP_UPLOAD_KEY_ALIAS
keyPassword MYAPP_UPLOAD_KEY_PASSWORD
}
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled enableProguardInReleaseBuilds
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro"
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
}
// applicationVariants are e.g. debug, release
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
variant.outputs.each { output ->
// For each separate APK per architecture, set a unique version code as described here:
// http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide/apk-splits
def versionCodes = ["armeabi-v7a":1, "x86":2, "arm64-v8a": 3, "x86_64": 4]
def abi = output.getFilter(OutputFile.ABI)
if (abi != null) { // null for the universal-debug, universal-release variants
output.versionCodeOverride =
versionCodes.get(abi) * 1048576 + defaultConfig.versionCode
}
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
packagingOptions {
pickFirst '**/libjsc.so'
pickFirst 'lib/x86/libc++_shared.so'
pickFirst 'lib/x86_64/libjsc.so'
pickFirst 'lib/arm64-v8a/libjsc.so'
pickFirst 'lib/arm64-v8a/libc++_shared.so'
pickFirst 'lib/x86_64/libc++_shared.so'
pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libc++_shared.so'
}
}
def jscFlavor = 'org.webkit:android-jsc:+'
def enableHermes = project.ext.react.get("enableHermes", false);
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: "libs", include: ["*.jar"])
implementation "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:${rootProject.ext.supportLibVersion}"
implementation "com.facebook.react:react-native:+" // From node_modules
implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:17.0.0"
implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:17.0.0"
//Add these lines
implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:17.3.0"
//implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-core:15.0.2"
implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:20.2.1"
implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-inappmessaging:19.0.7"
// implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-inappmessaging-display:19.0.7"
//implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3'
//implementation project(':#mauron85_react-native-background-geolocation')
addUnimodulesDependencies()
if (enableHermes) {
def hermesPath = "../../node_modules/hermes-engine/android/";
debugImplementation files(hermesPath + "hermes-debug.aar")
releaseImplementation files(hermesPath + "hermes-release.aar")
} else {
implementation jscFlavor
}
}
// Run this once to be able to run the application with BUCK
// puts all compile dependencies into folder libs for BUCK to use
task copyDownloadableDepsToLibs(type: Copy) {
from configurations.compile
into 'libs'
}
apply from: file("../../node_modules/#react-native-community/cli-platform-android/native_modules.gradle");
applyNativeModulesAppBuildGradle(project)
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
Still failing but on my emulator and android device its working fine. Does anyone have this problem too? I really appreciate any idea thanks.

When implementing Firebase (Flutter) notifications, I'm getting an error

First I apologize for not being a native speaker of the English language.
But the problem I'm having is as follows.
1) I am following a tutorial (Youtube / Documentation) to implement notifications in Flutter.
2) As directed by the documentation I made all the recommended settings. They are as follows:
Generate google-services.json file in Console Flutter
Add apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services' to build.gradle in app folder
Add classpath 'com.google.gms: google-services: 4.2.0' in build.gradle to root of android folder
Add intent-filter (FLUTTER_NOTIFICATION_CLICK) to AndroidManifest.xml file
This is the build.gradle of the android folder.
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1'
classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.2.0'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
}
rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
subprojects {
project.configurations.all {
resolutionStrategy.eachDependency { details ->
if (details.requested.group == 'com.android.support'
&& !details.requested.name.contains('multidex') ) {
details.useVersion "26.1.0"
}
}
}
}
This is the build.gradle of the app folder.
def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
localProperties.load(reader)
}
}
def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}
def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
flutterVersionCode = '1'
}
def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"
android {
compileSdkVersion 27
lintOptions {
disable 'InvalidPackage'
}
defaultConfig {
// TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
applicationId "com.example.tccversao2"
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 27
versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
versionName flutterVersionName
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
multiDexEnabled true
}
buildTypes {
release {
// TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
// Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
}
}
}
flutter {
source '../..'
}
dependencies {
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
}
android {
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
This is my code
#immutable
class Message {
final String title;
final String body;
const Message({
#required this.title,
#required this.body,
});
}
class MessagingWidget extends StatefulWidget {
#override
_MessagingWidgetState createState() => _MessagingWidgetState();
}
class _MessagingWidgetState extends State<MessagingWidget> {
final FirebaseMessaging _firebaseMessaging = FirebaseMessaging();
final List<Message> messages = [];
#override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_firebaseMessaging.configure(
onMessage: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
print("onMessage: $message");
final notification = message['notification'];
setState(() {
messages.add(Message(
title: notification['title'], body: notification['body']));
});
},
onLaunch: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
print("onLaunch: $message");
final notification = message['data'];
setState(() {
messages.add(Message(
title: '${notification['title']}',
body: '${notification['body']}',
));
});
},
onResume: (Map<String, dynamic> message) async {
print("onResume: $message");
},
);
_firebaseMessaging.requestNotificationPermissions(
const IosNotificationSettings(sound: true, badge: true, alert: true));
}
#override
Widget build(BuildContext context) => ListView(
children: messages.map(buildMessage).toList(),
);
Widget buildMessage(Message message) => ListTile(
title: Text(message.title),
subtitle: Text(message.body),
);
}
I'm using the library
firebase_messaging: ^4.0.0+1
firebase_core: ^0.3.0
I am getting the following error message:
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:preDebugBuild'.
> Android dependency 'com.android.support:support-fragment' has different version for the compile (26.1.0) and runtime (27.1.1) classpath. You should manually set the same version via DependencyResolution
* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.
* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org
BUILD FAILED in 6s
Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1
I already tried to use in my build.gradle (in the android folder) the classpath 'com.google.gms: google-services: 4.3.0', but in this case I'm getting another error which is:
* Error running Gradle:
ProcessException: Process "E:\Flutter\projetos\tcc_versao2\tcc_versao2\android\gradlew.bat" exited abnormally:
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* Where:
Build file 'E:\Flutter\projetos\tcc_versao2\tcc_versao2\android\app\build.gradle' line: 24
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating project ':app'.
> ASCII
* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.
* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org
BUILD FAILED in 3s
Command: E:\Flutter\projetos\tcc_versao2\tcc_versao2\android\gradlew.bat app:properties
Please review your Gradle project setup in the android/ folder.
*Maybe it is important to say: I am debugging on my phone (Xiaomi Note 3 pro)
I am completely lost on this mistake and would be very happy if anyone could help me.

You should take a look at the libraries you are using.
The error says it found two different versions for com.android.support:support-fragment. Open your android/build.gradle and check if there is that dependency here and update it to version 27.1.1.
If you don't find the dependency directly in your app, it probably is coming from another outdated dependency or Flutter plugin. Verify for updates for all plugin dependencies at pubspec.yaml too.

How can I package different *.so files for different Build flavors?

I have some pre-build *.so files for different build flavors like arm64-v8a, armeabi-v7a, x86, x86_64, and these files are of android third party library. When I run the project all these *.so files are packaging in apk. But here my question is that how to package different *.SO files in different apks? can you please give build.gradle script for this. any help will be appreciated? Thank you. Sorry for my poor english.
my library.gradle is
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
import com.android.builder.core.DefaultManifestParser
android {
compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
sourceSets {
main {
jni.srcDirs = []
// Prevent gradle from building native code with ndk; we have our own Makefile for it.
jniLibs.srcDirs = ['jni/libs', 'jni/loader/libs', 'private_libs/libs']
// Where generated .so files are placed.
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
resources.srcDirs = ['src']
aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt'
}
}
// Make per-variant version code
libraryVariants.all { variant ->
def manifestParser = new DefaultManifestParser(android.sourceSets.main.manifest.srcFile)
// get the version code of each flavor
def version = manifestParser.getVersionName()
//Custom APK name
variant.outputs.all { output ->
if (outputFileName != null && outputFileName.endsWith('.aar')) {
outputFileName = "lib-${version}.aar"
}
}
}
}
class BuildNative extends Exec {}
tasks.withType(BuildNative) {
/*
Properties set for Android Studio own shell.
when you run gradlew from cli, OS shell env variables will be used
To be able to build from Android Studio, you have to set ndk.dir & sdk.dir
properties in local.properties in the root folder, like this (for example):
sdk.dir=/home/<username>/SDK/android-sdk-linux
ndk.dir=/home/<username>/SDK/android-ndk-r10b
*/
if (System.getenv('ANDROID_SDK') == null || System.getenv('ANDROID_NDK') == null) {
Properties properties = new Properties()
properties.load(project.rootProject.file('local.properties').newDataInputStream())
environment 'ANDROID_NDK', properties.getProperty('ndk.dir')
environment 'ANDROID_SDK', properties.getProperty('sdk.dir')
}
workingDir '..'
commandLine './compile-libvlc.sh'
}
task buildDebugARMv7(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "armeabi-v7a")
}
task buildDebugARM64(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "arm64-v8a")
}
task buildDebugx86(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "x86")
}
task buildDebugx86_64(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "x86_64")
}
task buildDebugMIPS(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "mips")
}
task buildDebugMIPS64(type: BuildNative) {
args('-a', "mips64")
}
task generateSources(type: Jar) {
classifier = 'sources'
from android.sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs
}
clean {
// delete 'build', /*'jni/libs',*/ 'jni/obj'
}
dependencies {
api "com.android.support:support-annotations:$rootProject.ext.appCompatVersion"
api "com.android.support:support-v4:$rootProject.ext.appCompatVersion"
}
and my app.gradle is:
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
packagingOptions {
}
dexOptions {
maxProcessCount 8
javaMaxHeapSize "2g"
preDexLibraries true
keepRuntimeAnnotatedClasses false
}
compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
flavorDimensions "target", "abi"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example"
minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.targetSdkVersion
versionCode rootProject.ext.versionCode
versionName rootProject.ext.versionName
vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary true
multiDexEnabled true
}
signingConfigs {
release {
storeFile file("D:\\Keystore\\aaaaaaaa.jks")
storePassword "aaaaaaa"
keyAlias "avbbaaaaaa"
keyPassword "ababababa"
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
signingConfig null
minifyEnabled true
shrinkResources false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
lintOptions {
checkReleaseBuilds false
// Or, if you prefer, you can continue to check for errors in release builds,
// but continue the build even when errors are found:
abortOnError false
}
dataBinding {
enabled = true
}
productFlavors {
vanilla {
dimension "target"
versionCode = 1
}
chrome {
minSdkVersion 19
dimension "target"
versionCode = 2
}
ARMv7 {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 4
}
x86 {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 5
}
MIPS {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 6
}
ARMv8 {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 7
}
x86_64 {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 8
}
MIPS64 {
dimension "abi"
versionCode = 9
}
}
}

Finally I found out how to do this, I got this solution from https://developer.android.com/studio/projects/gradle-external-native-builds. Hope you also get from something here.
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
// This block is different from the one you use to link Gradle
// to your CMake or ndk-build script.
externalNativeBuild {
// For ndk-build, instead use the ndkBuild block.
cmake {
// Passes optional arguments to CMake.
arguments "-DANDROID_ARM_NEON=TRUE", "-DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN=clang"
// Sets a flag to enable format macro constants for the C compiler.
cFlags "-D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS"
// Sets optional flags for the C++ compiler.
cppFlags "-fexceptions", "-frtti"
}
}
}
buildTypes {...}
productFlavors {
...
demo {
...
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
...
// Specifies which native libraries or executables to build and package
// for this product flavor. The following tells Gradle to build only the
// "native-lib-demo" and "my-executible-demo" outputs from the linked
// CMake project. If you don't configure this property, Gradle builds all
// executables and shared object libraries that you define in your CMake
// (or ndk-build) project. However, by default, Gradle packages only the
// shared libraries in your APK.
targets "native-lib-demo",
// You need to specify this executable and its sources in your CMakeLists.txt
// using the add_executable() command. However, building executables from your
// native sources is optional, and building native libraries to package into
// your APK satisfies most project requirements.
"my-executible-demo"
}
}
}
paid {
...
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {
...
targets "native-lib-paid",
"my-executible-paid"
}
}
}
}
// Use this block to link Gradle to your CMake or ndk-build script.
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {...}
// or ndkBuild {...}
}
}
Include prebuilt native libraries
If you want Gradle to package prebuilt native libraries with your APK, modify the default source set configuration to include the directory of your prebuilt .so files, as shown below. Keep in mind, you don't need to do this to include artifacts of CMake build scripts that you link to Gradle.
android {
...
sourceSets {
main {
jniLibs.srcDirs 'imported-lib/src/', 'more-imported-libs/src/'
}
}
}
Specify ABIs
By default, Gradle builds your native library into separate .so files for the ABIs the NDK supports and packages them all into your APK. If you want Gradle to build and package only certain ABI configurations of your native libraries, you can specify them with the ndk.abiFilters flag in your module-level build.gradle file, as shown below:
android {
...
defaultConfig {
...
externalNativeBuild {
cmake {...}
// or ndkBuild {...}
}
// Similar to other properties in the defaultConfig block,
// you can configure the ndk block for each product flavor
// in your build configuration.
ndk {
// Specifies the ABI configurations of your native
// libraries Gradle should build and package with your APK.
abiFilters 'x86', 'x86_64', 'armeabi', 'armeabi-v7a',
'arm64-v8a'
}
}
buildTypes {...}
externalNativeBuild {...}
}

By adding this script in app.gradle it works like a charm
ndk {
// Specifies the ABI configurations of your native
// libraries Gradle should build and package with your APK.
abiFilters 'x86', 'x86_64', 'armeabi', 'armeabi-v7a','arm64-v8a'
}

Another solution would be to specify the jniLibs.srcDirs based on your flavor requirements, like this:
android {
...
sourceSets {
def flavor = getCurrentFlavor()
if (flavor == ‘device’ || flavor == ‘production’) {
jniLibs.srcDirs = ['libs']//or whatever path you have
}
...
Where getCurrentFlavor() gets your build flavor name. You can find how to do it here:
How to get current flavor in gradle

Gradle debug Crashes with NullpointerException - Run works fine

Gradle crashes with a NullpointerException when trying to debug my app in Android Studio. It works fine just to Run the app. Android Studio 2.3.3.
Here's the gradle stacktrace:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.android.tools.idea.run.GradleApplicationIdProvider.getTestPackageName(GradleApplicationIdProvider.java:50)
at com.android.tools.idea.run.AndroidLaunchTasksProvider.getConnectDebuggerTask(AndroidLaunchTasksProvider.java:160)
at com.android.tools.idea.run.LaunchTaskRunner.run(LaunchTaskRunner.java:79)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager$TaskRunnable.run(CoreProgressManager.java:635)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager$3.run(CoreProgressManager.java:170)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager.registerIndicatorAndRun(CoreProgressManager.java:494)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager.executeProcessUnderProgress(CoreProgressManager.java:443)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.ProgressManagerImpl.executeProcessUnderProgress(ProgressManagerImpl.java:54)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.CoreProgressManager.runProcess(CoreProgressManager.java:155)
at com.intellij.openapi.progress.impl.ProgressManagerImpl$1.run(ProgressManagerImpl.java:128)
at com.intellij.openapi.application.impl.ApplicationImpl$2.run(ApplicationImpl.java:307)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Here's my build.gradle inside the app folder. Some more details: This is a project with the Cocos2d-x game engine and I'm trying to get Debug for native code to work. A simple test project does work, but my own project does not.
import java.util.regex.Pattern
import com.android.build.OutputFile
import org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.condition.Os
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'io.fabric'
task('increaseVersionCode') << {
println 'Grade: Increasing Version Code...'
def buildFile = file("build.gradle")
def pattern = Pattern.compile("versionCode\\s+(\\d+)")
def manifestText = buildFile.getText()
def matcher = pattern.matcher(manifestText)
matcher.find()
def versionCode = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1))
def manifestContent = matcher.replaceAll("versionCode " + ++versionCode)
buildFile.write(manifestContent)
}
preBuild.dependsOn increaseVersionCode
task deleteGraphicsAssets(type: Delete) {
println 'Grade: Deleting unnecessary assets...'
delete "assets/1136p"
delete "assets/2048p"
}
preBuild.dependsOn deleteGraphicsAssets
android {
// Going higher means that we have to request to write to external storage (used for UUID): https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36084959/cant-create-a-directory-on-storage-emulated-0-on-emulator
// But GameAnalytics reqires 24, let's see if it still works this way
compileSdkVersion 22
buildToolsVersion '25.0.3' // should be 25 for newer version
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.forestringgames.apps.towerduel"
minSdkVersion 15
// Going higher means that we have to request to write to external storage (used for UUID): https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36084959/cant-create-a-directory-on-storage-emulated-0-on-emulator
// But GameAnalytics reqires 24, let's see if it still works this way
targetSdkVersion PROP_TARGET_SDK_VERSION
versionCode 1607
versionName "1.0"
// multiDexEnabled true
externalNativeBuild {
ndkBuild {
if (!project.hasProperty("PROP_NDK_MODE") || PROP_NDK_MODE.compareTo('none') != 0) {
// skip the NDK Build step if PROP_NDK_MODE is none
targets 'cocos2dcpp'
arguments 'NDK_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION=4.9'
arguments 'APP_PLATFORM=android-' + PROP_TARGET_SDK_VERSION
def module_paths = [project.file("../../FRGEngine/cocos2d").absolutePath,
project.file("../../FRGEngine/cocos2d/cocos").absolutePath,
project.file("../../FRGEngine/cocos2d/external").absolutePath]
if (Os.isFamily(Os.FAMILY_WINDOWS)) {
// should use '/'
module_paths = module_paths.collect { it.replaceAll('\\\\', '/') }
arguments 'NDK_MODULE_PATH=' + module_paths.join(";")
} else {
arguments 'NDK_MODULE_PATH=' + module_paths.join(':')
}
arguments '-j' + Runtime.runtime.availableProcessors()
abiFilters.addAll(PROP_APP_ABI.split(':').collect { it as String })
}
}
}
}
// only added for android debugging
externalNativeBuild {
ndkBuild {
if (!project.hasProperty("PROP_NDK_MODE") || PROP_NDK_MODE.compareTo('none') != 0) {
// skip the NDK Build step if PROP_NDK_MODE is none
path "jni/Android.mk"
}
}
}
sourceSets.main {
java.srcDir "src"
res.srcDir "res"
jniLibs.srcDir "libs"
manifest.srcFile "AndroidManifest.xml"
assets.srcDir "assets"
}
splits {
abi {
enable true
reset()
include 'armeabi-v7a'
//, 'armeabi', 'armeabi-v7a', 'x86' - what about arm64? Test it with Crashlytics
universalApk false //true
}
// density {
// enable true
// reset()
// include 'mdpi', 'hdpi', 'xhdpi', 'xxhdpi', 'xxxhdpi'
// compatibleScreens 'small', 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge'
//
// }
}
signingConfigs {
release {
if (project.hasProperty("RELEASE_STORE_FILE")) {
storeFile file(RELEASE_STORE_FILE)
storePassword RELEASE_STORE_PASSWORD
keyAlias RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS
keyPassword RELEASE_KEY_PASSWORD
}
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false // Warning: is this a good idea?
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
if (project.hasProperty("RELEASE_STORE_FILE")) {
signingConfig signingConfigs.release
}
externalNativeBuild {
ndkBuild {
arguments 'NDK_DEBUG=0'
}
}
}
debug {
// debuggable true
// jniDebuggable true
externalNativeBuild {
ndkBuild {
arguments 'NDK_DEBUG=1'
}
}
}
}
}
crashlytics {
enableNdk = true
androidNdkOut = 'obj'
androidNdkLibsOut = 'libs'
}
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
// compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile project(':libcocos2dx')
// compile project(':BaseGameUtils')
// compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.0'
compile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.8.0'
// compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:9.0.0'
// integration guide (with latest version numbers: https://fabric.io/downloads/gradle)
// Crashlytics KitminifyEnabled
compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.6.8#aar') {
transitive = true
}
// NDK Kit
compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics-ndk:1.1.6#aar') {
transitive = true
}
// compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.7.0-SNAPSHOT#aar') {
// transitive = true;
// }
//
// compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics-ndk:1.2.0-SNAPSHOT:debug#aar') {
// transitive = true;
// }
compile 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:1.7.3'
compile 'net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy-android:1.7.3'
// compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:11.0.1'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:11.0.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-games:11.0.0'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-invites:11.0.0'
compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:11.0.0'
compile 'com.anjlab.android.iab.v3:library:1.0.+'
compile files('Frameworks/Fmod/prebuilt/android/fmod.jar')
// // use latest version instead version number: https://github.com/GameAnalytics/GA-SDK-ANDROID
// compile 'com.gameanalytics.sdk:gameanalytics-android:3.5.0'
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'Frameworks/Jars')
//
}
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'
Here's the project-wide build.gradle file:
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.3'
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
// The Fabric Gradle plugin uses an open ended version to react
// quickly to Android tooling updates
//classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.21.5' // version number: https://twittersdk.artifactoryonline.com/twittersdk/repo/io/fabric/tools/gradle/
classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.+'
classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.1.0'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
// FABRIC PRIVATE
// maven { url 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/fabric-artifacts-private/internal-snapshots' }
// FABRIC OFFICIAL
maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }
// maven { url 'http://maven.gameanalytics.com/release' }
}
}
Edit: I also already tried this in this order:
Rebuild Project
Clean Project
Invalidate caches / Restart
In case you are using Gradle deamon. stop it by ./gradlew --stop and start over the steps from 1 to 3
Finally & destructively close Android Studio completely and delete .gradle directory ( it's hidden ) from the root of directory of your project and then launch Android Studio again.
Close all other Android Studio Instances
Restart OSX

Make sure your NDK path is properly configured on Project Structure (File > Project Structure > SDK Location > Android NDK Location). Click "OK" and try to sync again.

How to override android tests path with Gradle?

For historical reason instrumentation tests are not stored in androidTests directory as required and i can't change directories structure (actually whole app is tests for the library used). I was able to build and install apk with gradle, but no tests were found:
:app-tests:connectedDebugAndroidTest
Tests on test_avd(AVD) - 4.1.2 failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.ClassNotFoundException'
com.android.builder.testing.ConnectedDevice > No tests found.[test_avd(AVD) - 4.1.2] FAILED
No tests found. This usually means that your test classes are not in the form that your test runner expects (e.g. don't inherit from TestCase or lack #Test annotations).
:app-tests:connectedDebugAndroidTest FAILED
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app-tests:connectedDebugAndroidTest'.
> There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/project/app-tests/build/reports/androidTests/connected/index.html
Actually the tests are in src folder, written correctly and can be built/runned using Ant:
public abstract class BaseTest extends AndroidTestCase
{
...
public class AppInfoTest extends BaseTest
{
#Test
public void testAllProperties()
{
...
...
How can i make Gradle process src folder as android (instrumentation) tests?
Here is my current build.gradle file (it uses the experimental Android Gradle plugin version 0.7.2 because we have an NDK library):
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.application'
allprojects {
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
}
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
model {
android {
compileSdkVersion 16
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "app.tests"
minSdkVersion.apiLevel 9
targetSdkVersion.apiLevel 16
versionCode 359
versionName "1.3"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
sources {
main {
// overriding paths from default ones to actual ones
// what about 'androidTests' ?
manifest { source {
srcDir '.'
include 'AndroidManifest.xml'
} }
java { source { srcDirs = ['src'] } }
res { source { srcDirs = ['res'] } }
jni {
dependencies {
project ":library" // native library dependency
}
}
}
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile project(':library')
}
UPDATE 1 (for sschuberth):
Config:
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.application'
allprojects {
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
}
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
model {
android {
compileSdkVersion 16
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "app.tests"
minSdkVersion.apiLevel 9
targetSdkVersion.apiLevel 16
versionCode 359
versionName "1.3"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
sourceSets {
androidTest {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml' // error here
java.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
}
}
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
compile project(':library')
}
Error
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* Where:
Build file '/Users/asmirnov/Documents/dev/src/project/app-tests/build.gradle' line: 32
* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring project ':app-tests'.
> Exception thrown while executing model rule: android { ... } # app-tests/build.gradle line 16, column 5
> Could not find property 'manifest' on source set 'android test'.

Not completely sure this will work for your scenario, but you can update the root of the androidTest sourceSet like this
android {
sourceSets {
androidTest.setRoot('src')
}
}
There is also a test source set if it's just Java code, nothing Android specific.
You could also play around with the java.srcDir setting...
The above setting will look at these locations for your files.
<project>/<module>/src/AndroidManifest.xml
<project>/<module>/src/java
If you'd like to move both into the /src directory, you can use
sourceSets {
androidTest {
setRoot 'src'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
}
}
More Android Gradle details can be read at Configuring the Structure
You are welcome to debug these settings yourself with this setup
sourceSets {
androidTest {
setRoot 'src'
java.srcDirs = ['./src']
}
println "androidTest.manifest.srcFile = ${androidTest.manifest.srcFile}"
println "androidTest.java.srcDirs = ${androidTest.java.srcDirs}"
}
When you just clean the project, you'll see those lines being printed to the console

Instead of sources {} you should use sourceSets {} and the androidTest source set to customize the test source code location:
model { // Required for experimental plugin.
android {
sourceSets {
androidTest {
manifest.srcFile '../AppTest/AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['../AppTest/src']
res.srcDirs = ['../AppTest/res']
assets.srcDirs = ['../AppTest/assets']
}
}
}
}
Note that this not not apply to unit test. For unit test (like with Robolectric), use the test source set.

It was tricky solution: to use experimental gradle plugin to compile native code with NDK and regular gradle plugin for test app.
build.gradle:
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
// experimental gradle plugin for the library to compile native code with NDK
classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle-experimental:0.7.2"
// regular gradle plugin for the tests
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.1.2'
}
}
subprojects {
task listAllDependencies(type: DependencyReportTask) {}
}
library gradle (experimental):
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.library'
...
model {
android {
...
ndk {
moduleName = "library-jni"
cppFlags.add("-std=c++11")
cppFlags.add("-fexceptions")
stl = "c++_static"
abiFilters.addAll(['armeabi-v7a', 'x86']) // supported abis only
}
...
}
...
}
app/build.gradle (regular):
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
allprojects {
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
}
repositories {
mavenLocal()
mavenCentral()
}
android {
compileSdkVersion 16
buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "app.tests"
minSdkVersion 9
targetSdkVersion 16
versionCode 359
versionName "1.3"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
sourceSets {
main {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
}
androidTest {
manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
jni {
dependencies {
project ":library"
}
}
}
}
}
dependencies {
androidTestCompile project(':library')
androidTestCompile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
}