Develop Reference

How to stop actor from continuously picking up object?

I'm taking an intro to java class at school and were doing very early on stuff. We are given a few methods and the knowledge of how if else statements, while loops, etc work. We use a program called greenfoot. The objective of the project is to have the character go around and pick up all the leaves, then place them at the end of the row and repeat. The order is changed so you need control statements. I am encountering an issue where at the end of each row, I will place a leaf, then pick it up and loop that forever. I have tried to solve it with variables to no avail. My code is here:
public void rowSweep() {
boolean turnCheck = false;
boolean leafCheck = true;
if (foundLeaf() && (leafCheck)) {
pickLeaf();
leafCheck = true;
}
else if (canMove() && (!facingNorth())) {
walk();
leafCheck = true;
}
else if (hasLeaf()) {
while (hasLeaf()) {
placeLeaf();
leafCheck = false;
}
}
else {
turnLeft();
while (canMove() && (!facingNorth())) {
walk();
turnCheck = true;
}
if (!canMove() && (turnCheck)) {
turnLeft();
walk();
turnLeft();
}
}
}
There are no syntax errors, just it doesn't do it properly. How can I make it so that I can move on after I place it instead of infinitely repeating?

Using booleans with set and get methods

To summarize I am making a program for a metro ticket system. and I am using set and get methods for it, when it comes to boolean values (since I need to validate that the person enters enough money for the ticket) how am i supposed to put in the main class( it is defined in brain) using the set method and an if statement.Here is a little fraction of the entire code and the rest is on github(https://github.com/alexxei4/subwayticket). The main is basically the class that will be used for interaction with the user and the brain is where alot of the actions are defined.All help is appreciated, please and thank you.
if (Choice1a == 10){
if(subway1.ticketcounter1(true);){
System.out.println("PRINT SUCCESSFUL, COLLECT YOUR TICKET!");
}
if(subway1.ticketcounter1(false);){
System.out.println("INSEFFICIENT FUNDS, PLEASE ADD MORE");
}

This is not how you evaluate boolean values, you just place the value in an if statement and it will proceed if true and refuse if false, also there is no need to duplicate the statement when you can just place an else block to handle situations that are not true:
if(subway1.ticketcounter1) {
System.out.println("PRINT SUCCESSFUL, COLLECT YOUR TICKET!");
}
else {
System.out.println("INSEFFICIENT FUNDS, PLEASE ADD MORE");
}
Also do not include semicolons in if statements, that's incorrect syntax. Read more about how to use use boolean values here: https://codingbat.com/doc/java-if-boolean-logic.html
EDIT:
After reading through your Github code I see that ticketcounter1 indeed is a method, but what it's doing is trying to change the value of ticketcounter1 like it's a referenced object, but boolean are primitive data types and can't be referenced, and even if they could it still wouldn't work because Java is a pass-by-value language. Read here for more information on that.
public void ticketcounter1(boolean ticketcounter1){
if (credit1 > total1){
ticketcounter1 = true;
}
else {
ticketcounter1 = false;
}
}
public void ticketcounter2(boolean ticketcounter2){
if (credit2 > total2){
ticketcounter2 = true;
}
else {
ticketcounter2= false;
}
Like the other answer said you should be returning the value as boolean instead of trying to change it:
public boolean ticketcounter1(){
if (credit1 > total1){
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
public boolean ticketcounter2(){
if (credit2 > total2){
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
But all in all your code demonstrated fundamental flaws in understanding how the language works, I would suggest picking up a good Java for beginners kind of book or do some introductory online tutorials. Here is a good place to start your learning journey: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/index.html

You code is like this
public void ticketcounter1(boolean ticketcounter1){
if (credit1 > total1){
ticketcounter1 = true;
}
else {
ticketcounter1 = false;
}
}
public void ticketcounter2(boolean ticketcounter2) {
if (credit2 > total2){
ticketcounter2 = true;
}
else {
ticketcounter2= false;
}
}
It should be like this. Instead of using the variable and passing it though parameter. Use getter. Besides that your code won't run since subway1.ticketcounter1(true) is giving nothing. It is only changing variables stored in Brain.java. No information is being sent to main.
public boolean ticketcounter1(){
if (credit1 > total1){
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
public boolean ticketcounter2(){
if (credit2 > total2){
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
You can create functions without parameters. I don't know what were you trying to do?
if (Choice1a == 10){
if(subway1.ticketcounter1()){
System.out.println("PRINT SUCCESSFUL, COLLECT YOUR TICKET!");
}
if(subway1.ticketcounter1()){
System.out.println("INSEFFICIENT FUNDS, PLEASE ADD MORE");
}
}
subway1.ticketcounter1() will give either true and false. Do not use ; in if statement condition. ; ends the statement. Check this guide to learn about use of semi-colon If you do want to use ; The code should look like this
if (Choice1a == 10){
boolean ticketCounter1 = subway1.ticketcounter1();
if(ticketCounter1){
System.out.println("PRINT SUCCESSFUL, COLLECT YOUR TICKET!");
} else {
System.out.println("INSEFFICIENT FUNDS, PLEASE ADD MORE");
}
}
P.S You don't need two ifs if-else would be better in this case
if(condition) {
// Conditions is true
} else {
// Condition is false
}

Android simple methods not working?

I have a spinner where the user can select something. When they do, it calls switchCat() which then calls chooseView() and based on the int passed will do something different. In this case it loads a different set of array strings.
However, whenever I run it, I will ONLY see the strings from R.array.array0, so the first if in chooseView(). csArray is set nowhere else. I am calling chooseView() onCreate.
I am a novice. Thank you!
Spinner item selected
#Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(int itemPosition, long itemId) {
if (synthetic) {
synthetic = false;
return true;
}
switchCat(itemPosition);
return true;
}
switchCat();
public void switchCat(int i) {
if(i == 0) {
chooseView(0);
}
else if(i == 1) {
chooseView(1);
}
}
chooseView()
public void chooseView(int i) {
if(i == 0) {
CharSequence[] csArray = getResources().getTextArray(R.array.array0);
for (CharSequence s : csArray) {
mArrayList.add(s);
}
}
if(i == 1) {
CharSequence[] csArray = getResources().getTextArray(R.array.array1);
for (CharSequence s : csArray) {
mArrayList.add(s);
}
}
}

It looks like you are adding items to your ArrayList. Are you sure you don't mean to get rid of old ones as well prior to adding? If you don't, they will remain in the list when chooseView() is called. In chooseView(), simply call mArrayList.clear() before your if statements. This, of course, assumes that your ListView is dependent on mArrayList.

Whenever you run first time it will give correct output,another time you arraylist will add the values with previous one,so every time you want's to clear the arraylist for get a correct output.
public void switchCat(int i) {
myArrayList.clear();
if(i == 0) {
chooseView(0);
}
else if(i == 1) {
chooseView(1);
}
}

When does Java if statement exit?

I have a function when has an if-else statement. It essentially looks like this:
if(boolean == true)
{
// do something
boolean = false;
}
else if(boolean == false)
{
// do the other thing
boolean = true;
}
Now, my understanding is that the if statement will exit and return control to the function and then continue according to the changed boolean value. But I'm clearly missing something because my code is not exiting the original 'if'/'else if' statement (whichever the original case). Can anyone tell me what I've missed?
Well as requested, additional data about the code is that it is a part of my android project and each condition in the if-else block has a nested function and the boolean(global) value is being set/unset withing these functions. So the code now looks like this:
dummyFunction(){
boolean = checkIfTrueOrFalse();
if (boolean) {
onClick( public void onClick(){
// do something
boolean = false;}
} else if(boolean == false){
onClick( public void onClick(){
// do something
boolean = true;}
}
}
Any ideas?

if(boolean == true)
{
// do something
boolean = false;
}
if (boolean == false)
{
// do the other thing
boolean = true;
}
When you do this, then the program will flow to the second condition. In an if/else if statement, if the if statement has been satisfied, then the program will ignore the else if block.
Your current code simply flows through the first if block and then skips the else if statement to end the block.

void someMethod()
{
boolean aBoolean = true;
if(aBoolean == true)
{
// do something
aBoolean = false;
}
else if(aBoolean == false)
{
// do the other thing
aBoolean = true;
}
}
When someMethod will execute, since aBoolean is assigned with true, control will come to if block cause the condition becomes true. if it was false, then the control will come to else part.

We have many good answers/comments already but just wanted to add something here -
1.
if (condition) {
} else {
}
is a single code construct. The condition will be evaluated at the beginning at run time and java will decide which block to execute i.e. the if block or the else block. Only 1 of the 2 can be executed.
Java allows us to nest if/else. That means we can have something like below -
if(condition1){
} else if (condition2) {
} else if (condition3) {
} else {
}
It is effectively same as below -
if (condition1) {
} else {
if (condition2) {
} else {
if (condition 3) {
} else {
}
}
}
Here, it should be noted that only the block which satisfies the condition will be executed. If none of the conditions is met, then the inner most else will be executed (i.e. the else block of condition3 )
Finally, I feel that your confusion is between the below blocks
boolean aBoolean = true;
if(aBoolean == true)
{
// do something
aBoolean = false;
} else if(aBoolean == false)
{
// do the other thing
aBoolean = true;
}
VS
boolean aBoolean = true;
if(aBoolean == true)
{
// do something
aBoolean = false;
}
if(aBoolean == false)
{
// do the other thing
aBoolean = true;
}
In the latter of the 2 examples, there are 2 independent if blocks and both will get executed (off course, this is not logically correct but it is a legal java code.)

Could you provide more info regarding your code not exiting either of the 2 blocks? Doing System.out.println() of variables within your blocks might be able to help you determine why your code is not exiting.
You could use an if/else pair instead of an if/else-if as the parameter that your code depends on is would be either true/false. If the if-block is not satisfied, automatically the else-block would be traversed.

Your code is actually a shortcut for
if (boolean) {
// do something
boolean = false;
} else {
if (!boolean) {
// do the other thing
boolean = true;
}
}
Written this way, it maybe becomes clearer that the inner if nested in the else case will not be processed if the first if condition was already met.

Well I've solved it (taking inputs from here of course). I just added a call to the function within the nested functions and it worked. Now the code looks like this:
public static void dummyFunction(){
boolean = checkIfTrueOrFalse();
if (boolean) {
onClick( public void onClick(){
// do something
dummyFunction();
boolean = false;}
} else if(boolean == false){
onClick( public void onClick(){
// do something
dummyFunction();
boolean = true;}
}
}

Alternatives to embedded if statements?

I have a history in programming, but not much in software development. I'm currently writing a piece of software for the company I work at, and I've come to challenge myself on the readability of my code.
I want to know whether this is a "valid" alternative to embedded if statements, or if there is anything better I could use.
Let's say I have the following method:
public void someMethod()
{
if (some condition)
{
if (some condition 2)
{
if (some condition 3)
{
// ...etc all the way until:
doSomething();
}
else
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 3 Error");
}
}
else
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 2 Error");
}
}
else
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 1 Error");
}
}
Now the first thing I should point out is that in this instance, combining the conditions (with &&) isn't possible, since each one has a unique error that I want to report, and if I combined them I wouldn't be able to do that (or would I?). The second thing I should point out before anyone screams "SWITCH STATEMENT!" at me is that not all of these conditions can be handled by a switch statement; some are Object specific method calls, some are integer comparisons, etc.
That said, is the following a valid way of making the above code more readable, or is there a better way of doing it?
public void someMethod()
{
if (!some condition)
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 1 Error");
return;
}
if (!some condition 2)
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 2 Error");
return;
}
if (!some condition 3)
{
System.err.println("Specific Condition 3 Error");
return;
}
doSomething();
}
So basically, instead of checking for conditions and reporting errors in else blocks, we check for the inverse of the condition and return if it is true. The result should be the same, but is there a better way of handling this?

If I was being particularly pedantic I would use something like this.
boolean c1, c2, c3;
public void someMethod() {
boolean ok = true;
String err = "";
if (ok && !(ok &= c1)) {
err = "Specific Condition 1 Error";
}
if (ok && !(ok &= c2)) {
err = "Specific Condition 2 Error";
}
if (ok && !(ok &= c3)) {
err = "Specific Condition 3 Error";
}
if ( ok ) {
doSomething();
} else {
System.out.print(err);
}
}
You are now single-exit AND flat.
Added
If &= is difficult for you, use something like:
if (ok && !c3) {
err = "Specific Condition 3 Error";
ok = false;
}

I would write it as
if (failing condition) {
System.err.println("Specific Condition 1 Error");
} else {
somethingExpensiveCondition2and3Dependon();
if (failing condition 2)
System.err.println("Specific Condition 2 Error");
else if (failing condition 3)
System.err.println("Specific Condition 3 Error");
else
doSomething();
}

yes, your code in both cases smells of conditional complexity (code smells)
Java is an OOP language, so your code should be factored to in the spirit of OOD, something like this:
for (Condition cond : conditions) {
if (cond.happens(params))
cond.getHandler().handle(params);
}
conditions list should be injected to this class, this way when a new condition is added or removed the class doesn't change. (open close principle)

Your second approach is fairly good. If you want something a little more baroque, you can move your conditions into Callable objects. Each object can also be provided with a way of handling errors. This lets you write an arbitrarily long series of tests without sacrificing functionality.
class Test {
private final Callable<Boolean> test;
private final Runnable errorHandler;
public Test(Callable<Boolean> test, Runnable handler) {
this.test = test;
errorHandler = handler;
}
public boolean runTest() {
if (test.call()) {
return true;
}
errorHandler.run();
return false;
}
}
You could then organize your code as follows:
ArrayList<Test> tests;
public void someMethod() {
for (Test test : tests) {
if (!test.runTest()) {
return;
}
}
doSomething();
}
EDIT
Here's a more general version of the above. It should handle almost any case of this type.
public class Condition {
private final Callable<Boolean> test;
private final Runnable passHandler;
private final Runnable failHandler;
public Condition(Callable<Boolean> test,
Runnable passHandler, Runnable failHandler)
{
this.test = test;
this.passHandler = passHandler;
this.failHandler = failHandler;
}
public boolean check() {
if (test.call()) {
if (passHandler != null) {
passHandler.run();
}
return true;
}
if (errorHandler != null) {
errorHandler.run();
}
return false;
}
}
public class ConditionalAction {
private final ArrayList<Condition> conditions;
private final Runnable action;
public ConditionalAction(ArrayList<Condition> conditions,
Runnable action)
{
this.conditions = conditions;
this.action = action;
}
public boolean attemptAction() {
for (Condition condition : conditions) {
if (!condition.check()) {
return false;
}
}
action.run();
return true;
}
}
One might be tempted to add some sort of generic data that could be passed around to share info or collect results. Rather than doing that, I'd recommend implementing such data sharing within the objects that implement the conditions and action, and leave this structure as is.

For this case, that's about as clean as you are going to get it, since you have both custom criteria and custom responses to each condition.

What you are in essence doing is validating some conditions before calling the doSomething() method. I would extract the validation into a separate method.
public void someMethod() {
if (isValid()) {
doSomething();
}
}
private boolean isValid() {
if (!condition1) {
System.err.println("Specific Condition 1 Error");
return false;
}
if (!condition2) {
System.err.println("Specific Condition 2 Error");
return false;
}
if (!condition3) {
System.err.println("Specific Condition 3 Error");
return false;
}
return true;
}

Nope, that's about what you get in Java. If you have too many of these, it may indicate that you should refactor a bit, and possibly even rethink your algorithm -- it may be worthwhile trying to simplify it a bit, because otherwise you're going to come back to the code in a few months and wonder why the heck a + b + c + d = e but a + b' + c + d = zebra

The second option you have is the more readable one. While multiple returns are usually not recommended putting all of them at the beginning of the code is clear (it isn't as if they are scattered all over the method). Nested ifs on the other hand, are hard to follow and understand.