i'm trying to send mail using java through gmail
but i m getting some exceptions
The Code is follows:
public static void send_java_mail() throws IOException
{
System.out.println("\n\n\n\nIn send_java_mail");
String[] recipents=new String[10];
recipents[0]=email_id;//email_id;
//put your smtp details in the properties file.Following given are for gmail account
Properties smtp_properties =null;
smtp_properties = new Properties();
InputStream iss = new FileInputStream("D:\\Heat\\Web\\smtpconfig.properties");
smtp_properties.load(iss);
String e_mailbody="Hi\n\tYour Order has been Placed.It will deliever in 2 Days.\n\n\tYour Name :"+CustomerName+"\n\tYour Email Address :"+email_id+"\n\tYour Shipping Address :"+Addr+"\n\tYour Contact Number:"+Phone+"\n\tYour Total amount to be Pay is 3610.\nThanks.";
String host = smtp_properties.getProperty("host");
String mail_transport_protocol = smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.transport.protocol");
String mail_smtp_auth =smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.auth");
String mail_smtp_port = smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.port");
String mail_debug =smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.debug");
String mail_smtp_socketFactory_port =smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port");
String mail_smtp_socketFactory_class =smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class");
String mail_smtp_socketFactory_fallback = smtp_properties.getProperty("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback");
Properties props = System.getProperties();
System.out.println("mail transport protocol :"+mail_transport_protocol);
props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol",mail_transport_protocol);
props.setProperty("mail.host", host);
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", mail_smtp_auth);
props.put("mail.smtp.port", mail_smtp_port);
props.put("mail.debug", mail_debug);
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.trust", "smtp.gmail.com");
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", mail_smtp_socketFactory_port);
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",mail_smtp_socketFactory_class);
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", mail_smtp_socketFactory_fallback);
final String from="dhanshreeherballife#gmail.com";
final String pass="D#ny1996";
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(from,pass);
}
});
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
try {
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
InternetAddress[] toAddress = new InternetAddress[recipents.length];
toAddress[0] = new InternetAddress(recipents[0]);
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddress[0]);
message.setSubject("Order");
message.setText(e_mailbody);
Transport transport = session.getTransport("smtp");
transport.connect(host, from, pass);
transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
}
catch (AddressException ae) {
ae.printStackTrace();
}
catch (MessagingException me) {
me.printStackTrace();
}
}
The exception is as follows:
DEBUG SMTP: exception reading response: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
javax.mail.MessagingException: Exception reading response;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.readServerResponse(SMTPTransport.java:1090)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.openServer(SMTPTransport.java:986)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:197)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:233)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:134)
at Servlets.Sendmail.send_java_mail(Sendmail.java:92)
at Servlets.PlaceOrder.doGet(PlaceOrder.java:64)
at Servlets.PlaceOrder.doPost(PlaceOrder.java:72)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:648)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:94)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:502)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1132)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:684)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1539)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1495)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Start by fixing all these common JavaMail mistakes.
The JavaMail FAQ has more information on cert path errors. If you're getting this error when connecting to Gmail, it's most likely that you have a firewall or anti-virus product that's intercepting the connection and presenting its own certificate instead of the Gmail certificate. You should think carefully about the security implications of allowing that software to monitor your connection before using any of the techniques in the link above to disable the security checks.
You should also check that your JDK installation isn't misconfigured or corrupt. Perhaps your application server is overriding the cacerts file (trust store) that comes with the JDK.
Related
I have problem with Java Email using SMTP & TSl, please help me resolve this problem. I think the problem was Transport, but I'm not sure. Below is my code and error snippets, please help me find my mistake and solution.
TSLEmail.class
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
public class TSLEmail
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
final String fromEmail = "mail#gmail.com"; //requires valid
gmail id
final String password = "mypass12"; // correct password for gmail id
final String toEmail = "recipients#gmail.com"; // can be any email id
System.out.println("TLSEmail Start");
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "10.20.200.220"); //SMTP Host
props.put("mail.user", "user12");
//props.put("mail.password", password);
props.put("mail.smtp.port", "587"); //TLS Port
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); //enable authentication
props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true"); //enable STARTTLS
//create Authenticator object to pass in Session.getInstance argument
Authenticator auth = new Authenticator() {
//override the getPasswordAuthentication method
protected PasswordAuthentication
getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new
PasswordAuthentication(fromEmail, password);
}
};
Session session = Session.getInstance(props, auth);
EmailUtil.sendEmail(session, toEmail,"TLSEmail Testing Subject",
"TLSEmail Testing Body");
}
}
EmailUtil.class
import java.util.Date;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
public class EmailUtil
{
public static void sendEmail(Session session, String toEmail, String
subject, String body)
{
try
{
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
//set message headers
msg.addHeader("Content-type", "text/HTML; charset=UTF-8");
msg.addHeader("format", "flowed");
msg.addHeader("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "8bit");
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress("mail#gmail.com"));
msg.setReplyTo(InternetAddress.parse("recipients#gmail.com"));
msg.setSubject(subject, "UTF-8");
msg.setText(body, "UTF-8");
msg.setSentDate(new Date());
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
InternetAddress.parse(toEmail, false));
System.out.println("Message is ready");
Transport.send(msg);
System.out.println("EMail Sent Successfully!!");
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
The Results(ERROR):
TLSEmail Start
Message is ready
javax.mail.MessagingException: Can't send command to SMTP host;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:
sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to
find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1564)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1551)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.ehlo(SMTPTransport.java:935)
at
com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:426)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:310)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:169)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:118)
at javax.mail.Transport.send0(Transport.java:188)
at javax.mail.Transport.send(Transport.java:118)
at com.bca.controller.EmailUtil.sendEmail(EmailUtil.java:35)
at com.bca.controller.TSLEmail.main(TSLEmail.java:34)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:
sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find
valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(Unknown
Source)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.mail.util.TraceOutputStream.write(TraceOutputStream.java:114)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(Unknown Source)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1562)
... 10 more
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building
failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable
to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(Unknown
Source)
... 22 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException:
unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.build(Unknown
Source)
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(Unknown
Source)
at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(Unknown Source)
... 28 more
Please help me find an simple and certain solution for my problem.
Thank You
It sounds like you need to add the certificates returned by the Server into your JRE's truststore,
There are many good articles that explain how to do this, including:
Java Keytool Essentials: Working with Java Keystores
If this is a web app (for example, Tomcat or JBoss), then do this at the server level (instead of your JRE).
Add this property too. It worked for me.
props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.trust", Smtp_host);
When i try to send a email, throw java mail.smtp it gives me a error "Email Unrecognized SSL message, plaintext connection?"
This is my code for send the email, the email that i need to send the email using TLS protocol, with the port 587.
Properties prop = System.getProperties();
prop.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtps");
prop.put("mail.smtp.port", emailConnectionConfig.getPort());
prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.starttls.required", "true");
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop);
InternetAddress fromAddress=null;
try{
fromAddress=new InternetAddress(emailConnectionConfig.getFrom());
}
catch(AddressException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Create a message with the specified information.
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setFrom(fromAddress);
// set the List of Recipients based on the Workflow
msg.setRecipients(RecipientType.TO,emailTo);
msg.setSubject(emailSubject, "UTF-8");
//Don't Work with MimeMessage
msg.setText(emailBody, "UTF-8");
// Create a transport.
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
// Send the message.
try {
// try the email. comment this after testing:
System.out.println("Attempting to send an email...");
// Connect to server with settings
transport.connect(emailConnectionConfig.getHost(), emailConnectionConfig.getPort(), emailConnectionConfig.getUsername(), emailConnectionConfig.getPassword());
System.out.println("Transport Email Status: "+transport.isConnected());
// transport.isConnected();
// Send the email.
transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
// System.out.println("Email sent!");
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.getMessage();
System.out.println("The email was not sent.");
System.out.println("Error message: " + ex.getMessage());
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// Close and terminate the connection.
transport.close();
}
}
But e can't connect with the server, the SMTP host i can use telnet to the port and host. The error is the following one:
javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Unrecognized SSL message, plaintext connection?
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.openServer(SMTPTransport.java:2055)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:697)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:364)
at com.primeit.mail.SendEmail.sendEmail(SendEmail.java:90)
at com.primeit.mail.NotificationEmail.notifyEmail(NotificationEmail.java:135)
at com.primeit.view.relatorio.RelatorioForm.approve(RelatorioForm.java:1259)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at com.vaadin.event.ListenerMethod.receiveEvent(ListenerMethod.java:508)
at com.vaadin.event.EventRouter.fireEvent(EventRouter.java:198)
at com.vaadin.event.EventRouter.fireEvent(EventRouter.java:161)
at com.vaadin.server.AbstractClientConnector.fireEvent(AbstractClientConnector.java:1008)
at com.vaadin.ui.Button.fireClick(Button.java:377)
at com.vaadin.ui.Button$1.click(Button.java:54)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497)
at com.vaadin.server.ServerRpcManager.applyInvocation(ServerRpcManager.java:158)
at com.vaadin.server.ServerRpcManager.applyInvocation(ServerRpcManager.java:118)
at com.vaadin.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleInvocation(ServerRpcHandler.java:437)
at com.vaadin.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleInvocations(ServerRpcHandler.java:408)
at com.vaadin.server.communication.ServerRpcHandler.handleRpc(ServerRpcHandler.java:273)
at com.vaadin.server.communication.UidlRequestHandler.synchronizedHandleRequest(UidlRequestHandler.java:90)
at com.vaadin.server.SynchronizedRequestHandler.handleRequest(SynchronizedRequestHandler.java:41)
at com.vaadin.server.VaadinService.handleRequest(VaadinService.java:1414)
at com.vaadin.server.VaadinServlet.service(VaadinServlet.java:365)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:958)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:452)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1087)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:637)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
I am trying to send an email after getting username, password from user. all the emails are sent to one email address.I added javax.mail.jar and javax.activation.jar files to both build path and lib folder in Eclipse. Here is my code
public class Email {
public String emailTo = "bimlamadhavee#gmail.com";
public boolean sendMail( String emailFrom, String message, String usernme, String passwrd)
{
final String username = usernme;
final String password = passwrd;
boolean success = false;
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtps.ssl.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
prop.put("mail.smtp.port", "587");
Session sess = Session.getInstance(prop, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
#Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
}
});
Message mssg = new MimeMessage(sess);
try {
mssg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(username, ""+username));
mssg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(emailTo));
mssg.setSubject("Suggestions");
mssg.setContent(message, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
Transport.send(mssg);
success = true;
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MessagingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return success;
}
}
and now I get the following error
com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPSendFailedException: 530 5.7.0 Must issue a STARTTLS comma
nd first. w15sm12465435pfa.34 - gsmtp
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.issueSendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1
668)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.mailFrom(SMTPTransport.java:1207)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendMessage(SMTPTransport.java:735)
at javax.mail.Transport.send0(Transport.java:191)
at javax.mail.Transport.send(Transport.java:120)
at model.Email.sendMail(Email.java:41)
at control.SendEmail.doPost(SendEmail.java:47)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(Appl
icationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationF
ilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52
)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(Appl
icationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationF
ilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperV
alve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextV
alve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(Authentica
torBase.java:505)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.j
ava:169)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.j
ava:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:
956)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineVal
ve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.jav
a:436)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp
11Processor.java:1078)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(
AbstractProtocol.java:625)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpo
int.java:2517)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoin
t.java:2506)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskTh
read.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Email not sent
Do you have any idea for getting this error? thank you in adavance
UPDATED
I edited the above code as follows
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
prop.put("mail.smtp.port", "587");
Session sess = Session.getInstance(prop, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
#Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(emailFrom, password);
}
});
Message mssg = new MimeMessage(sess);
try {
mssg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(""+emailFrom));
mssg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(emailTo));
mssg.setSubject("Suggestions");
mssg.setContent(message, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
Transport.send(mssg);
success = true;
then I get the following error
javax.mail.MessagingException: Can't send command to SMTP host;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorExc
eption: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBui
lderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1717)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1704)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.ehlo(SMTPTransport.java:1088)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:46
8)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:313)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:172)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:121)
at javax.mail.Transport.send0(Transport.java:190)
at javax.mail.Transport.send(Transport.java:120)
at model.Email.sendMail(Email.java:43)
at control.SendEmail.doPost(SendEmail.java:47)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(Appl
icationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationF
ilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52
)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(Appl
icationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationF
ilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperV
alve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextV
alve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(Authentica
torBase.java:505)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.j
ava:169)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.j
ava:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:
956)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineVal
ve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.jav
a:436)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp
11Processor.java:1078)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(
AbstractProtocol.java:625)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpo
int.java:2517)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoin
t.java:2506)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.
java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor
.java:617)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskTh
read.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.Validator
Exception: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPath
BuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1937)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:302)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:296)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.
java:1478)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.jav
a:212)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:957)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:892)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1050)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.
java:1363)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:735)
at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:123)
at com.sun.mail.util.TraceOutputStream.write(TraceOutputStream.java:110)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:82
)
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:140)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.sendCommand(SMTPTransport.java:1715)
... 33 more
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find vali
d certification path to requested target
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:387)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.jav
a:292)
at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:260)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.j
ava:324)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerIm
pl.java:229)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustMan
agerImpl.java:124)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.
java:1460)
... 44 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to
find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.build(SunCertPathBu
ilder.java:145)
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCert
PathBuilder.java:131)
at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:280)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:382)
Do you know any reasons?
Try adding the next code:
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true";
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.trust", "smtp.gmail.com");
props.put("mail.smtp.port", "587");
I am suddenly running in a problem scenario is
I've TestNG project in selenium when I execute a test case after the execution of test case I call the SendMail function written in another class "SendMail.java" using gmail smpt & port 465 it automatically attach the "emailable-report" from output folder after execution of test case it went successfully initially for several number of times but suddenly I am getting the exception shown below
DEBUG: setDebug: JavaMail version 1.4.7
DEBUG: getProvider() returning javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport,Oracle]
DEBUG SMTP: useEhlo true, useAuth true
DEBUG SMTP: trying to connect to host "smtp.gmail.com", port 465, isSSL false
javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: smtp.gmail.com, port: 465;
nested exception is:
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.openServer(SMTPTransport.java:1961)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:654)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:295)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:176)
at automationframework.SendMail.sendMail(SendMail.java:134)
at automationframework.SendMail.execute(SendMail.java:22)
at automationframework.Iparkit_Login.sendReportMail(Iparkit_Login.java:34)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:84)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeConfigurationMethod(Invoker.java:564)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeConfigurations(Invoker.java:213)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeConfigurations(Invoker.java:138)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:308)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:240)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1224)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1149)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1057)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.run(RemoteTestNG.java:111)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:204)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:175)
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1884)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:276)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:270)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1439)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:209)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:878)
at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:814)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1016)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1312)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1339)
at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1323)
at com.sun.mail.util.SocketFetcher.configureSSLSocket(SocketFetcher.java:549)
at com.sun.mail.util.SocketFetcher.createSocket(SocketFetcher.java:354)
at com.sun.mail.util.SocketFetcher.getSocket(SocketFetcher.java:211)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.openServer(SMTPTransport.java:1927)
... 24 more
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:385)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:292)
at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:260)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:326)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:231)
at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1421)
... 35 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:196)
at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:268)
here is my SendMail.java class
package automationframework;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.util.*;
public class SendMail
{
//reportFileName = TestExecutionResultFileName
public static void execute(String reportFileName) throws Exception
{
String path="D:\\K - Selenium\\SeleniumWorkspace\\iParkit-copy\\test-output\\emailable-report.html";
String[] to={"receipient#gmail.com"};
String[] cc={};
String[] bcc={};//"<AutomationTester>"};
SendMail.sendMail("sender#gmail.com",
"*******",
"smtp.gmail.com",
"465",
"true",
"true",
true,
"javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory",
"false",
to,
cc,
bcc,
"Test Execution Reports",
"Please find attached Test Suite Execution Report",
path,
reportFileName);
}
public static boolean sendMail(String userName,
String passWord,
String host,
String port,
String starttls,
String auth,
boolean debug,
String socketFactoryClass,
String fallback,
String[] to,
String[] cc,
String[] bcc,
String subject,
String text,
String attachmentPath,
String attachmentName){
//Object Instantiation of a properties file.
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.user", userName);
props.put("mail.smtp.host", host);
if(!"".equals(port)){
props.put("mail.smtp.port", port);
}
if(!"".equals(starttls)){
props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable",starttls);
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", auth);
}
if(debug){
props.put("mail.smtp.debug", "true");
}else{
props.put("mail.smtp.debug", "false");
}
if(!"".equals(port)){
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", port);
}
if(!"".equals(socketFactoryClass)){
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",socketFactoryClass);
}
if(!"".equals(fallback)){
props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", fallback);
}
try{
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
session.setDebug(debug);
MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setText(text);
msg.setSubject(subject);
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
MimeBodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(attachmentPath);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(attachmentName);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
msg.setContent(multipart);
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(userName));
for(int i=0;i<to.length;i++){
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new
InternetAddress(to[i]));
}
for(int i=0;i<cc.length;i++){
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.CC, new
InternetAddress(cc[i]));
}
for(int i=0;i<bcc.length;i++){
msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.BCC, new
InternetAddress(bcc[i]));
}
msg.saveChanges();
Transport transport = session.getTransport("smtp");
transport.connect(host, userName, passWord);
transport.sendMessage(msg, msg.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
return true;
} catch (Exception mex){
mex.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
}
Please help I am struggling on it since 2 days but no solution is working for me
Finally I got the solution of my problem at my own, I had running Avast Anti Virus, I turned it off and now its working like charm...
I have written code for mail sending in java( I am using java mail api for this). Here uerId and Password(For authentication purpose) I am giving of my domain because I want my email server to be use.
The Problem is, when I am sending mail from localhost it is working fine, But when I am deploying on my live staging server,and trying to send the mail, it is giving following exception:
Apr 08, 2015 7:32:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [spring] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Mail server connection failed; nested exception is javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: mail.dreamdays.ae, port: 25;
nested exception is:
java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out. Failed messages: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: mail.dreamdays.ae, port: 25;
nested exception is:
java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out; message exceptions (1) are:
Failed message 1: javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: mail.dreamdays.ae, port: 25;
nested exception is:
java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out] with root cause
java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)
at com.sun.mail.util.SocketFetcher.createSocket(SocketFetcher.java:284)
at com.sun.mail.util.SocketFetcher.getSocket(SocketFetcher.java:227)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.openServer(SMTPTransport.java:1672)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:525)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:291)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:389)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:340)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:336)
at com.service.MailMail.sendMail(MailMail.java:34)
at com.controller.UserController.saveUser(UserController.java:143)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:213)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:126)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:647)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:603)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:80)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:950)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:859)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:792)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:647)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:728)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:305)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:222)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:936)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:118)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407)
at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProcessor.process(AjpAprProcessor.java:197)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:589)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:1852)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Code is below, Please check it and help me out.
public class MailDao {
private static final String SMTP_HOST_NAME = "mail.dreamdays.ae";
private static final String SMTP_AUTH_USER ="cpverma#dreamdays.ae";
private static final String SMTP_AUTH_PWD = "********";
public void postMail(String emailTo, String recipients[ ], String subject, String message , String from) throws MessagingException, AuthenticationFailedException
{
boolean debug = false;
//Set the host smtp address
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_HOST_NAME);
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
try{
Authenticator auth = new SMTPAuthenticator();
Session session = Session.getInstance(props, auth);
// session.setDebug(debug);
// create a message
Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);
// set the from and to address
InternetAddress addressFrom = new InternetAddress(from);
msg.setFrom(addressFrom);
// InternetAddress[] addressTo = new InternetAddress[recipients.length];
InternetAddress[] emailToArr = new InternetAddress[1];
emailToArr[0] = new InternetAddress(emailTo);
System.out.println("emailTo---"+emailTo);
msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, emailToArr);
// if(recipients.length >0)
// msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC, emailToArr);
// Setting the Subject and Content Type
msg.setSubject(subject);
msg.setContent(message, "text/html");
Transport.send(msg);
System.out.println("emailTo3---"+emailTo);
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("mail sending failed:--"+e);
}
}
private class SMTPAuthenticator extends javax.mail.Authenticator {
public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
String username = SMTP_AUTH_USER;
String password = SMTP_AUTH_PWD;
return new PasswordAuthentication(username, password);
}
}
}
The exception means that connection to the host is timing out which might be because of the host not being available. So verify whether the connection to the host is possible by using telnet
telnet mail.dreamdays.ae 25
Also you are able to connect using telnet then there should not be any problem in sending mail.
So ensure that the host server is up and available in the first place