How to check the current java classpath at runtime [duplicate] - java

I can't seem to find any info on whether scanning all available classes (for interfaces, annotations etc) is still possible in runtime, the way Spring, Reflections and many other frameworks and libraries currently do, in the face of Jigsaw related changes to the way classes are loaded.
EDIT:
This question is about scanning the real physical file paths looking for classes. The other question is about dynamically loading classes and resources. It's related but very much not a duplicate.
UPDATE: Jetty project has made a JEP proposal for a standardized API for this. If you have a way to help make this reality, please do. Otherwise, wait and hope.
UPDATE 2: Found this relevant sounding post. Quoting the code snippet for posterity:
If you are really just looking to get at the contents of the modules in
the boot layer (the modules that are resolved at startup) then you'll do
something like this:
ModuleLayer.boot().configuration().modules().stream()
.map(ResolvedModule::reference)
.forEach(mref -> {
System.out.println(mref.descriptor().name());
try (ModuleReader reader = mref.open()) {
reader.list().forEach(System.out::println);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
}
});

The following code achieves module path scanning in Java 9+ (Jigsaw / JPMS). It finds all classes on the callstack, then for each class reference, calls classRef.getModule().getLayer().getConfiguration().modules(), which returns a a List<ResolvedModule>, rather than just a List<Module>. (ResolvedModule gives you access to the module resources, whereas Module does not.) Given a ResolvedModule reference for each module, you can call the .reference() method to get the ModuleReference for a module. ModuleReference#open() gives you a ModuleReader, which allows you to list the resources in a module, using ModuleReader#list(), or to open a resource using Optional<InputStream> ModuleReader#open(resourcePath) or Optional<ByteBuffer> ModuleReader#read(resourcePath). You then close the ModuleReader when you're done with the module. This is not documented anywhere that I have seen. It was very difficult to figure all this out. But here is the code, in the hope that someone else will benefit from this.
Note that even in JDK9+, you can still utilize traditional classpath elements along with module path elements, so for a complete module path + classpath scan, you should probably use a proper classpath scanning solution, such as ClassGraph, which supports module scanning using the below mechanism (disclaimer, I am the author). You can find a reflection-based version of the following code here.
Also note that there was a bug in StackWalker in several JDK releases after JDK 9 that has to be worked around, see the above reflection-based code for details.
package main;
import java.lang.StackWalker;
import java.lang.StackWalker.Option;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;
import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
import java.net.URI;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Java9Scanner {
/** Recursively find the topological sort order of ancestral layers. */
private static void findLayerOrder(ModuleLayer layer,
Set<ModuleLayer> visited, Deque<ModuleLayer> layersOut) {
if (visited.add(layer)) {
List<ModuleLayer> parents = layer.parents();
for (int i = 0; i < parents.size(); i++) {
findLayerOrder(parents.get(i), visited, layersOut);
}
layersOut.push(layer);
}
}
/** Get ModuleReferences from a Class reference. */
private static List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> findModuleRefs(
Class<?>[] callStack) {
Deque<ModuleLayer> layerOrder = new ArrayDeque<>();
Set<ModuleLayer> visited = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < callStack.length; i++) {
ModuleLayer layer = callStack[i].getModule().getLayer();
findLayerOrder(layer, visited, layerOrder);
}
Set<ModuleReference> addedModules = new HashSet<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
for (ModuleLayer layer : layerOrder) {
Set<ResolvedModule> modulesInLayerSet = layer.configuration()
.modules();
final List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> modulesInLayer =
new ArrayList<>();
for (ResolvedModule module : modulesInLayerSet) {
modulesInLayer
.add(new SimpleEntry<>(module.reference(), layer));
}
// Sort modules in layer by name for consistency
Collections.sort(modulesInLayer,
(e1, e2) -> e1.getKey().descriptor().name()
.compareTo(e2.getKey().descriptor().name()));
// To be safe, dedup ModuleReferences, in case a module occurs in multiple
// layers and reuses its ModuleReference (no idea if this can happen)
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : modulesInLayer) {
if (addedModules.add(m.getKey())) {
moduleRefs.add(m);
}
}
}
return moduleRefs;
}
/** Get the classes in the call stack. */
private static Class<?>[] getCallStack() {
// Try StackWalker (JDK 9+)
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> stackWalkerAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
StackWalker.getInstance(
Option.RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE)
.walk(s -> s.map(
StackFrame::getDeclaringClass)
.toArray(Class[]::new));
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(stackWalkerAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return stackWalkerAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// Try SecurityManager
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> callerResolverAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
new SecurityManager() {
#Override
public Class<?>[] getClassContext() {
return super.getClassContext();
}
}.getClassContext();
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(callerResolverAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return callerResolverAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// As a fallback, use getStackTrace() to try to get the call stack
try {
throw new Exception();
} catch (final Exception e) {
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
for (final StackTraceElement elt : e.getStackTrace()) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(elt.getClassName()));
} catch (final Throwable e2) {
// Ignore
}
}
if (classes.size() > 0) {
return classes.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
} else {
// Last-ditch effort -- include just this class
return new Class<?>[] { Java9Scanner.class };
}
}
}
/**
* Return true if the given module name is a system module.
* There can be system modules in layers above the boot layer.
*/
private static boolean isSystemModule(
final ModuleReference moduleReference) {
String name = moduleReference.descriptor().name();
if (name == null) {
return false;
}
return name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("jdk.")
|| name.startsWith("javafx.") || name.startsWith("oracle.");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Get ModuleReferences for modules of all classes in call stack,
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> systemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> nonSystemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?>[] callStack = getCallStack();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = findModuleRefs(
callStack);
// Split module refs into system and non-system modules based on module name
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : moduleRefs) {
(isSystemModule(m.getKey()) ? systemModuleRefs
: nonSystemModuleRefs).add(m);
}
// List system modules
System.out.println("\nSYSTEM MODULES:\n");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : systemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
System.out.println(" " + ref.descriptor().name());
}
// Show info for non-system modules
System.out.println("\nNON-SYSTEM MODULES:");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : nonSystemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
ModuleLayer layer = e.getValue();
System.out.println("\n " + ref.descriptor().name());
System.out.println(
" Version: " + ref.descriptor().toNameAndVersion());
System.out.println(
" Packages: " + ref.descriptor().packages());
System.out.println(" ClassLoader: "
+ layer.findLoader(ref.descriptor().name()));
Optional<URI> location = ref.location();
if (location.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(" Location: " + location.get());
}
try (ModuleReader moduleReader = ref.open()) {
Stream<String> stream = moduleReader.list();
stream.forEach(s -> System.out.println(" File: " + s));
}
}
}
}

The actual issue here is to find the paths to all jars and folders on the classpath. Once when you have them, you can scan.
What I did is the following:
get the current module descriptor for current class
get all requires modules
for each such module open resource of MANIFEST.MF
remove the MANIFEST.MF path from the resource url
what remains is the classpath of the module, i.e. to it's jar or folder.
I do the same for current module, to get the classpath for current code.
This way I collect classpath of a currently working module and all its required modules (1 step away). That was working for me - and my Java8 scanner was still being able to do the job. This approach does not require any additional VM flag etc.
I could extend this approach to get all required modules easily (not only the first level), but for now, I don't need that.
Code.

Related

List all classpath "items" used by ClassLoaders in Java9? [duplicate]

I can't seem to find any info on whether scanning all available classes (for interfaces, annotations etc) is still possible in runtime, the way Spring, Reflections and many other frameworks and libraries currently do, in the face of Jigsaw related changes to the way classes are loaded.
EDIT:
This question is about scanning the real physical file paths looking for classes. The other question is about dynamically loading classes and resources. It's related but very much not a duplicate.
UPDATE: Jetty project has made a JEP proposal for a standardized API for this. If you have a way to help make this reality, please do. Otherwise, wait and hope.
UPDATE 2: Found this relevant sounding post. Quoting the code snippet for posterity:
If you are really just looking to get at the contents of the modules in
the boot layer (the modules that are resolved at startup) then you'll do
something like this:
ModuleLayer.boot().configuration().modules().stream()
.map(ResolvedModule::reference)
.forEach(mref -> {
System.out.println(mref.descriptor().name());
try (ModuleReader reader = mref.open()) {
reader.list().forEach(System.out::println);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
}
});
The following code achieves module path scanning in Java 9+ (Jigsaw / JPMS). It finds all classes on the callstack, then for each class reference, calls classRef.getModule().getLayer().getConfiguration().modules(), which returns a a List<ResolvedModule>, rather than just a List<Module>. (ResolvedModule gives you access to the module resources, whereas Module does not.) Given a ResolvedModule reference for each module, you can call the .reference() method to get the ModuleReference for a module. ModuleReference#open() gives you a ModuleReader, which allows you to list the resources in a module, using ModuleReader#list(), or to open a resource using Optional<InputStream> ModuleReader#open(resourcePath) or Optional<ByteBuffer> ModuleReader#read(resourcePath). You then close the ModuleReader when you're done with the module. This is not documented anywhere that I have seen. It was very difficult to figure all this out. But here is the code, in the hope that someone else will benefit from this.
Note that even in JDK9+, you can still utilize traditional classpath elements along with module path elements, so for a complete module path + classpath scan, you should probably use a proper classpath scanning solution, such as ClassGraph, which supports module scanning using the below mechanism (disclaimer, I am the author). You can find a reflection-based version of the following code here.
Also note that there was a bug in StackWalker in several JDK releases after JDK 9 that has to be worked around, see the above reflection-based code for details.
package main;
import java.lang.StackWalker;
import java.lang.StackWalker.Option;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;
import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
import java.net.URI;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Java9Scanner {
/** Recursively find the topological sort order of ancestral layers. */
private static void findLayerOrder(ModuleLayer layer,
Set<ModuleLayer> visited, Deque<ModuleLayer> layersOut) {
if (visited.add(layer)) {
List<ModuleLayer> parents = layer.parents();
for (int i = 0; i < parents.size(); i++) {
findLayerOrder(parents.get(i), visited, layersOut);
}
layersOut.push(layer);
}
}
/** Get ModuleReferences from a Class reference. */
private static List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> findModuleRefs(
Class<?>[] callStack) {
Deque<ModuleLayer> layerOrder = new ArrayDeque<>();
Set<ModuleLayer> visited = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < callStack.length; i++) {
ModuleLayer layer = callStack[i].getModule().getLayer();
findLayerOrder(layer, visited, layerOrder);
}
Set<ModuleReference> addedModules = new HashSet<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
for (ModuleLayer layer : layerOrder) {
Set<ResolvedModule> modulesInLayerSet = layer.configuration()
.modules();
final List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> modulesInLayer =
new ArrayList<>();
for (ResolvedModule module : modulesInLayerSet) {
modulesInLayer
.add(new SimpleEntry<>(module.reference(), layer));
}
// Sort modules in layer by name for consistency
Collections.sort(modulesInLayer,
(e1, e2) -> e1.getKey().descriptor().name()
.compareTo(e2.getKey().descriptor().name()));
// To be safe, dedup ModuleReferences, in case a module occurs in multiple
// layers and reuses its ModuleReference (no idea if this can happen)
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : modulesInLayer) {
if (addedModules.add(m.getKey())) {
moduleRefs.add(m);
}
}
}
return moduleRefs;
}
/** Get the classes in the call stack. */
private static Class<?>[] getCallStack() {
// Try StackWalker (JDK 9+)
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> stackWalkerAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
StackWalker.getInstance(
Option.RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE)
.walk(s -> s.map(
StackFrame::getDeclaringClass)
.toArray(Class[]::new));
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(stackWalkerAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return stackWalkerAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// Try SecurityManager
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> callerResolverAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
new SecurityManager() {
#Override
public Class<?>[] getClassContext() {
return super.getClassContext();
}
}.getClassContext();
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(callerResolverAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return callerResolverAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// As a fallback, use getStackTrace() to try to get the call stack
try {
throw new Exception();
} catch (final Exception e) {
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
for (final StackTraceElement elt : e.getStackTrace()) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(elt.getClassName()));
} catch (final Throwable e2) {
// Ignore
}
}
if (classes.size() > 0) {
return classes.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
} else {
// Last-ditch effort -- include just this class
return new Class<?>[] { Java9Scanner.class };
}
}
}
/**
* Return true if the given module name is a system module.
* There can be system modules in layers above the boot layer.
*/
private static boolean isSystemModule(
final ModuleReference moduleReference) {
String name = moduleReference.descriptor().name();
if (name == null) {
return false;
}
return name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("jdk.")
|| name.startsWith("javafx.") || name.startsWith("oracle.");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Get ModuleReferences for modules of all classes in call stack,
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> systemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> nonSystemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?>[] callStack = getCallStack();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = findModuleRefs(
callStack);
// Split module refs into system and non-system modules based on module name
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : moduleRefs) {
(isSystemModule(m.getKey()) ? systemModuleRefs
: nonSystemModuleRefs).add(m);
}
// List system modules
System.out.println("\nSYSTEM MODULES:\n");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : systemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
System.out.println(" " + ref.descriptor().name());
}
// Show info for non-system modules
System.out.println("\nNON-SYSTEM MODULES:");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : nonSystemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
ModuleLayer layer = e.getValue();
System.out.println("\n " + ref.descriptor().name());
System.out.println(
" Version: " + ref.descriptor().toNameAndVersion());
System.out.println(
" Packages: " + ref.descriptor().packages());
System.out.println(" ClassLoader: "
+ layer.findLoader(ref.descriptor().name()));
Optional<URI> location = ref.location();
if (location.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(" Location: " + location.get());
}
try (ModuleReader moduleReader = ref.open()) {
Stream<String> stream = moduleReader.list();
stream.forEach(s -> System.out.println(" File: " + s));
}
}
}
}
The actual issue here is to find the paths to all jars and folders on the classpath. Once when you have them, you can scan.
What I did is the following:
get the current module descriptor for current class
get all requires modules
for each such module open resource of MANIFEST.MF
remove the MANIFEST.MF path from the resource url
what remains is the classpath of the module, i.e. to it's jar or folder.
I do the same for current module, to get the classpath for current code.
This way I collect classpath of a currently working module and all its required modules (1 step away). That was working for me - and my Java8 scanner was still being able to do the job. This approach does not require any additional VM flag etc.
I could extend this approach to get all required modules easily (not only the first level), but for now, I don't need that.
Code.

Java - How to Load Classes your Main does'nt know the name from? [duplicate]

Is it possible to find all classes or interfaces in a given package? (Quickly looking at e.g. Package, it would seem like no.)
Due to the dynamic nature of class loaders, this is not possible. Class loaders are not required to tell the VM which classes it can provide, instead they are just handed requests for classes, and have to return a class or throw an exception.
However, if you write your own class loaders, or examine the classpaths and it's jars, it's possible to find this information. This will be via filesystem operations though, and not reflection. There might even be libraries that can help you do this.
If there are classes that get generated, or delivered remotely, you will not be able to discover those classes.
The normal method is instead to somewhere register the classes you need access to in a file, or reference them in a different class. Or just use convention when it comes to naming.
Addendum: The Reflections Library will allow you to look up classes in the current classpath. It can be used to get all classes in a package:
Reflections reflections = new Reflections("my.project.prefix");
Set<Class<? extends Object>> allClasses =
reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
You should probably take a look at the open source Reflections library. With it you can easily achieve what you want.
First, setup the reflections index (it's a bit messy since searching for all classes is disabled by default):
List<ClassLoader> classLoadersList = new LinkedList<ClassLoader>();
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.contextClassLoader());
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.staticClassLoader());
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false /* don't exclude Object.class */), new ResourcesScanner())
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forClassLoader(classLoadersList.toArray(new ClassLoader[0])))
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().include(FilterBuilder.prefix("org.your.package"))));
Then you can query for all objects in a given package:
Set<Class<?>> classes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
Google Guava 14 includes a new class ClassPath with three methods to scan for top level classes:
getTopLevelClasses()
getTopLevelClasses(String packageName)
getTopLevelClassesRecursive(String packageName)
See the ClassPath javadocs for more info.
You could use this method1 that uses the ClassLoader.
/**
* Scans all classes accessible from the context class loader which belong to the given package and subpackages.
*
* #param packageName The base package
* #return The classes
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
* #throws IOException
*/
private static Class[] getClasses(String packageName)
throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
assert classLoader != null;
String path = packageName.replace('.', '/');
Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources(path);
List<File> dirs = new ArrayList<File>();
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
URL resource = resources.nextElement();
dirs.add(new File(resource.getFile()));
}
ArrayList<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
for (File directory : dirs) {
classes.addAll(findClasses(directory, packageName));
}
return classes.toArray(new Class[classes.size()]);
}
/**
* Recursive method used to find all classes in a given directory and subdirs.
*
* #param directory The base directory
* #param packageName The package name for classes found inside the base directory
* #return The classes
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
private static List<Class> findClasses(File directory, String packageName) throws ClassNotFoundException {
List<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
if (!directory.exists()) {
return classes;
}
File[] files = directory.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
assert !file.getName().contains(".");
classes.addAll(findClasses(file, packageName + "." + file.getName()));
} else if (file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
classes.add(Class.forName(packageName + '.' + file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6)));
}
}
return classes;
}
__________
1 This method was taken originally from http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/4831, which was archived by the Internet Archive, as linked to now. The snippet is also available at https://dzone.com/articles/get-all-classes-within-package.
Spring
This example is for Spring 4, but you can find the classpath scanner in earlier versions as well.
// create scanner and disable default filters (that is the 'false' argument)
final ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider provider = new ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider(false);
// add include filters which matches all the classes (or use your own)
provider.addIncludeFilter(new RegexPatternTypeFilter(Pattern.compile(".*")));
// get matching classes defined in the package
final Set<BeanDefinition> classes = provider.findCandidateComponents("my.package.name");
// this is how you can load the class type from BeanDefinition instance
for (BeanDefinition bean: classes) {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bean.getBeanClassName());
// ... do your magic with the class ...
}
Google Guava
Note: In version 14, the API is still marked as #Beta, so beware in production code.
final ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
for (final ClassPath.ClassInfo info : ClassPath.from(loader).getTopLevelClasses()) {
if (info.getName().startsWith("my.package.")) {
final Class<?> clazz = info.load();
// do something with your clazz
}
}
Hello. I always have had some issues with the solutions above (and on other sites).
I, as a developer, am programming a addon for a API. The API prevents the use of any external libraries or 3rd party tools. The setup also consists of a mixture of code in jar or zip files and class files located directly in some directories. So my code had to be able to work arround every setup. After a lot of research I have come up with a method that will work in at least 95% of all possible setups.
The following code is basically the overkill method that will always work.
The code:
This code scans a given package for all classes that are included in it. It will only work for all classes in the current ClassLoader.
/**
* Private helper method
*
* #param directory
* The directory to start with
* #param pckgname
* The package name to search for. Will be needed for getting the
* Class object.
* #param classes
* if a file isn't loaded but still is in the directory
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
private static void checkDirectory(File directory, String pckgname,
ArrayList<Class<?>> classes) throws ClassNotFoundException {
File tmpDirectory;
if (directory.exists() && directory.isDirectory()) {
final String[] files = directory.list();
for (final String file : files) {
if (file.endsWith(".class")) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(pckgname + '.'
+ file.substring(0, file.length() - 6)));
} catch (final NoClassDefFoundError e) {
// do nothing. this class hasn't been found by the
// loader, and we don't care.
}
} else if ((tmpDirectory = new File(directory, file))
.isDirectory()) {
checkDirectory(tmpDirectory, pckgname + "." + file, classes);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Private helper method.
*
* #param connection
* the connection to the jar
* #param pckgname
* the package name to search for
* #param classes
* the current ArrayList of all classes. This method will simply
* add new classes.
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
* if a file isn't loaded but still is in the jar file
* #throws IOException
* if it can't correctly read from the jar file.
*/
private static void checkJarFile(JarURLConnection connection,
String pckgname, ArrayList<Class<?>> classes)
throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
final JarFile jarFile = connection.getJarFile();
final Enumeration<JarEntry> entries = jarFile.entries();
String name;
for (JarEntry jarEntry = null; entries.hasMoreElements()
&& ((jarEntry = entries.nextElement()) != null);) {
name = jarEntry.getName();
if (name.contains(".class")) {
name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 6).replace('/', '.');
if (name.contains(pckgname)) {
classes.add(Class.forName(name));
}
}
}
}
/**
* Attempts to list all the classes in the specified package as determined
* by the context class loader
*
* #param pckgname
* the package name to search
* #return a list of classes that exist within that package
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
* if something went wrong
*/
public static ArrayList<Class<?>> getClassesForPackage(String pckgname)
throws ClassNotFoundException {
final ArrayList<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
try {
final ClassLoader cld = Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader();
if (cld == null)
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Can't get class loader.");
final Enumeration<URL> resources = cld.getResources(pckgname
.replace('.', '/'));
URLConnection connection;
for (URL url = null; resources.hasMoreElements()
&& ((url = resources.nextElement()) != null);) {
try {
connection = url.openConnection();
if (connection instanceof JarURLConnection) {
checkJarFile((JarURLConnection) connection, pckgname,
classes);
} else if (connection instanceof FileURLConnection) {
try {
checkDirectory(
new File(URLDecoder.decode(url.getPath(),
"UTF-8")), pckgname, classes);
} catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
pckgname
+ " does not appear to be a valid package (Unsupported encoding)",
ex);
}
} else
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " ("
+ url.getPath()
+ ") does not appear to be a valid package");
} catch (final IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
"IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for "
+ pckgname, ioex);
}
}
} catch (final NullPointerException ex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
pckgname
+ " does not appear to be a valid package (Null pointer exception)",
ex);
} catch (final IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(
"IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for "
+ pckgname, ioex);
}
return classes;
}
These three methods provide you with the ability to find all classes in a given package.
You use it like this:
getClassesForPackage("package.your.classes.are.in");
The explanation:
The method first gets the current ClassLoader. It then fetches all resources that contain said package and iterates of these URLs. It then creates a URLConnection and determines what type of URl we have. It can either be a directory (FileURLConnection) or a directory inside a jar or zip file (JarURLConnection). Depending on what type of connection we have two different methods will be called.
First lets see what happens if it is a FileURLConnection.
It first checks if the passed File exists and is a directory. If that's the case it checks if it is a class file. If so a Class object will be created and put in the ArrayList. If it is not a class file but is a directory, we simply iterate into it and do the same thing. All other cases/files will be ignored.
If the URLConnection is a JarURLConnection the other private helper method will be called. This method iterates over all Entries in the zip/jar archive. If one entry is a class file and is inside of the package a Class object will be created and stored in the ArrayList.
After all resources have been parsed it (the main method) returns the ArrayList containig all classes in the given package, that the current ClassLoader knows about.
If the process fails at any point a ClassNotFoundException will be thrown containg detailed information about the exact cause.
The most robust mechanism for listing all classes in a given package is currently ClassGraph, because it handles the widest possible array of classpath specification mechanisms, including the new JPMS module system. (I am the author.)
List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<>();
try (ScanResult scanResult = new ClassGraph().acceptPackages("my.package")
.enableClassInfo().scan()) {
classNames.addAll(scanResult.getAllClasses().getNames());
}
Without using any extra libraries:
package test;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
List<Class> classes = getClasses(Test.class.getClassLoader(),"test");
for(Class c:classes){
System.out.println("Class: "+c);
}
}
public static List<Class> getClasses(ClassLoader cl,String pack) throws Exception{
String dottedPackage = pack.replaceAll("[/]", ".");
List<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
URL upackage = cl.getResource(pack);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream((InputStream) upackage.getContent());
String line = null;
while ((line = dis.readLine()) != null) {
if(line.endsWith(".class")) {
classes.add(Class.forName(dottedPackage+"."+line.substring(0,line.lastIndexOf('.'))));
}
}
return classes;
}
}
In general class loaders do not allow for scanning through all the classes on the classpath. But usually the only used class loader is UrlClassLoader from which we can retrieve the list of directories and jar files (see getURLs) and open them one by one to list available classes. This approach, called class path scanning, is implemented in Scannotation and Reflections.
Reflections reflections = new Reflections("my.package");
Set<Class<? extends Object>> classes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
Another approach is to use Java Pluggable Annotation Processing API to write annotation processor which will collect all annotated classes at compile time and build the index file for runtime use. This mechanism is implemented in ClassIndex library:
// package-info.java
#IndexSubclasses
package my.package;
// your code
Iterable<Class> classes = ClassIndex.getPackageClasses("my.package");
Notice that no additional setup is needed as the scanning is fully automated thanks to Java compiler automatically discovering any processors found on the classpath.
What about this:
public static List<Class<?>> getClassesForPackage(final String pkgName) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
final String pkgPath = pkgName.replace('.', '/');
final URI pkg = Objects.requireNonNull(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource(pkgPath)).toURI();
final ArrayList<Class<?>> allClasses = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
Path root;
if (pkg.toString().startsWith("jar:")) {
try {
root = FileSystems.getFileSystem(pkg).getPath(pkgPath);
} catch (final FileSystemNotFoundException e) {
root = FileSystems.newFileSystem(pkg, Collections.emptyMap()).getPath(pkgPath);
}
} else {
root = Paths.get(pkg);
}
final String extension = ".class";
try (final Stream<Path> allPaths = Files.walk(root)) {
allPaths.filter(Files::isRegularFile).forEach(file -> {
try {
final String path = file.toString().replace('/', '.');
final String name = path.substring(path.indexOf(pkgName), path.length() - extension.length());
allClasses.add(Class.forName(name));
} catch (final ClassNotFoundException | StringIndexOutOfBoundsException ignored) {
}
});
}
return allClasses;
}
You can then overload the function:
public static List<Class<?>> getClassesForPackage(final Package pkg) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
return getClassesForPackage(pkg.getName());
}
If you need to test it:
public static void main(final String[] argv) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
for (final Class<?> cls : getClassesForPackage("my.package")) {
System.out.println(cls);
}
for (final Class<?> cls : getClassesForPackage(MyClass.class.getPackage())) {
System.out.println(cls);
}
}
If your IDE does not have import helper:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.file.FileSystemNotFoundException;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
It works:
from your IDE
for a JAR file
without external dependencies
Here's how I do it. I scan all the subfolders (sub-packages) and I don't try to load anonymous classes:
/**
* Attempts to list all the classes in the specified package as determined
* by the context class loader, recursively, avoiding anonymous classes
*
* #param pckgname
* the package name to search
* #return a list of classes that exist within that package
* #throws ClassNotFoundException
* if something went wrong
*/
private static List<Class> getClassesForPackage(String pckgname) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// This will hold a list of directories matching the pckgname. There may be more than one if a package is split over multiple jars/paths
ArrayList<File> directories = new ArrayList<File>();
String packageToPath = pckgname.replace('.', '/');
try {
ClassLoader cld = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (cld == null) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Can't get class loader.");
}
// Ask for all resources for the packageToPath
Enumeration<URL> resources = cld.getResources(packageToPath);
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
directories.add(new File(URLDecoder.decode(resources.nextElement().getPath(), "UTF-8")));
}
} catch (NullPointerException x) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Null pointer exception)");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException encex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Unsupported encoding)");
} catch (IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for " + pckgname);
}
ArrayList<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
// For every directoryFile identified capture all the .class files
while (!directories.isEmpty()){
File directoryFile = directories.remove(0);
if (directoryFile.exists()) {
// Get the list of the files contained in the package
File[] files = directoryFile.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
// we are only interested in .class files
if ((file.getName().endsWith(".class")) && (!file.getName().contains("$"))) {
// removes the .class extension
int index = directoryFile.getPath().indexOf(packageToPath);
String packagePrefix = directoryFile.getPath().substring(index).replace('/', '.');;
try {
String className = packagePrefix + '.' + file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6);
classes.add(Class.forName(className));
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError e)
{
// do nothing. this class hasn't been found by the loader, and we don't care.
}
} else if (file.isDirectory()){ // If we got to a subdirectory
directories.add(new File(file.getPath()));
}
}
} else {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " (" + directoryFile.getPath() + ") does not appear to be a valid package");
}
}
return classes;
}
I put together a simple github project that solves this problem:
https://github.com/ddopson/java-class-enumerator
It should work for BOTH file-based classpaths AND for jar files.
If you run 'make' after checking out the project it will print this out:
Cleaning...
rm -rf build/
Building...
javac -d build/classes src/pro/ddopson/ClassEnumerator.java src/test/ClassIShouldFindOne.java src/test/ClassIShouldFindTwo.java src/test/subpkg/ClassIShouldFindThree.java src/test/TestClassEnumeration.java
Making JAR Files...
jar cf build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar -C build/classes/ .
jar cf build/ClassEnumerator.jar -C build/classes/ pro
Running Filesystem Classpath Test...
java -classpath build/classes test.TestClassEnumeration
ClassDiscovery: Package: 'test' becomes Resource: 'file:/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test'
ClassDiscovery: Reading Directory '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindOne.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindOne'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindTwo.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindTwo'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'subpkg' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: Reading Directory '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/classes/test/subpkg'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'ClassIShouldFindThree.class' => class 'test.subpkg.ClassIShouldFindThree'
ClassDiscovery: FileName 'TestClassEnumeration.class' => class 'test.TestClassEnumeration'
Running JAR Classpath Test...
java -classpath build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar test.TestClassEnumeration
ClassDiscovery: Package: 'test' becomes Resource: 'jar:file:/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar!/test'
ClassDiscovery: Reading JAR file: '/Users/Dopson/work/other/java-class-enumeration/build/ClassEnumerator_test.jar'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'META-INF/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'META-INF/MANIFEST.MF' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/ddopson/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'pro/ddopson/ClassEnumerator.class' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/ClassIShouldFindOne.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindOne'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/ClassIShouldFindTwo.class' => class 'test.ClassIShouldFindTwo'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/subpkg/' => class 'null'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/subpkg/ClassIShouldFindThree.class' => class 'test.subpkg.ClassIShouldFindThree'
ClassDiscovery: JarEntry 'test/TestClassEnumeration.class' => class 'test.TestClassEnumeration'
Tests Passed.
See also my other answer
Yeah using few API's you can, here is how I like doing it, faced this problem which I was using hibernate core & had to find classes which where annotated with a certain annotation.
Make these an custom annotation using which you will mark which classes you want to be picked up.
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
#Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
#Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public #interface EntityToBeScanned {
}
Then mark your class with it like
#EntityToBeScanned
public MyClass{
}
Make this utility class which has the following method
public class ClassScanner {
public static Set<Class<?>> allFoundClassesAnnotatedWithEntityToBeScanned(){
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(".*");
Set<Class<?>> annotated = reflections.getTypesAnnotatedWith(EntityToBeScanned.class);
return annotated;
}
}
Call the allFoundClassesAnnotatedWithEntityToBeScanned() method to get a Set of Classes found.
You will need libs given below
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>21.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.javassist/javassist -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.22.0-CR1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.reflections/reflections -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.reflections</groupId>
<artifactId>reflections</artifactId>
<version>0.9.10</version>
</dependency>
If you're in Spring-land you can use PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath*:some/package/name/*.class");
Arrays.asList(resources).forEach(r->{
...
});
You need to look up every class loader entry in the class path:
String pkg = "org/apache/commons/lang";
ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) cl).getURLs();
for (URL url : urls) {
System.out.println(url.getFile());
File jar = new File(url.getFile());
// ....
}
If entry is directory, just look up in the right subdirectory:
if (jar.isDirectory()) {
File subdir = new File(jar, pkg);
if (!subdir.exists())
continue;
File[] files = subdir.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
if (!file.isFile())
continue;
if (file.getName().endsWith(".class"))
System.out.println("Found class: "
+ file.getName().substring(0,
file.getName().length() - 6));
}
}
If the entry is the file, and it's jar, inspect the ZIP entries of it:
else {
// try to open as ZIP
try {
ZipFile zip = new ZipFile(jar);
for (Enumeration<? extends ZipEntry> entries = zip
.entries(); entries.hasMoreElements();) {
ZipEntry entry = entries.nextElement();
String name = entry.getName();
if (!name.startsWith(pkg))
continue;
name = name.substring(pkg.length() + 1);
if (name.indexOf('/') < 0 && name.endsWith(".class"))
System.out.println("Found class: "
+ name.substring(0, name.length() - 6));
}
} catch (ZipException e) {
System.out.println("Not a ZIP: " + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
Now once you have all class names withing package, you can try loading them with reflection and analyze if they are classes or interfaces, etc.
I've been trying to use the Reflections library, but had some problems using it, and there were too many jars I should include just to simply obtain the classes on a package.
I'll post a solution I've found in this duplicate question: How to get all classes names in a package?
The answer was written by sp00m; I've added some corrections to make it work:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public final class ClassFinder {
private final static char DOT = '.';
private final static char SLASH = '/';
private final static String CLASS_SUFFIX = ".class";
private final static String BAD_PACKAGE_ERROR = "Unable to get resources from path '%s'. Are you sure the given '%s' package exists?";
public final static List<Class<?>> find(final String scannedPackage) {
final ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
final String scannedPath = scannedPackage.replace(DOT, SLASH);
final Enumeration<URL> resources;
try {
resources = classLoader.getResources(scannedPath);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(BAD_PACKAGE_ERROR, scannedPath, scannedPackage), e);
}
final List<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedList<Class<?>>();
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
final File file = new File(resources.nextElement().getFile());
classes.addAll(find(file, scannedPackage));
}
return classes;
}
private final static List<Class<?>> find(final File file, final String scannedPackage) {
final List<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedList<Class<?>>();
if (file.isDirectory()) {
for (File nestedFile : file.listFiles()) {
classes.addAll(find(nestedFile, scannedPackage));
}
//File names with the $1, $2 holds the anonymous inner classes, we are not interested on them.
} else if (file.getName().endsWith(CLASS_SUFFIX) && !file.getName().contains("$")) {
final int beginIndex = 0;
final int endIndex = file.getName().length() - CLASS_SUFFIX.length();
final String className = file.getName().substring(beginIndex, endIndex);
try {
final String resource = scannedPackage + DOT + className;
classes.add(Class.forName(resource));
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ignore) {
}
}
return classes;
}
}
To use it just call the find method as sp00n mentioned in this example:
I've added the creation of instances of the classes if needed.
List<Class<?>> classes = ClassFinder.find("com.package");
ExcelReporting excelReporting;
for (Class<?> aClass : classes) {
Constructor constructor = aClass.getConstructor();
//Create an object of the class type
constructor.newInstance();
//...
}
I just wrote a util class, it include test methods, you can have a check ~
IteratePackageUtil.java:
package eric.j2se.reflect;
import java.util.Set;
import org.reflections.Reflections;
import org.reflections.scanners.ResourcesScanner;
import org.reflections.scanners.SubTypesScanner;
import org.reflections.util.ClasspathHelper;
import org.reflections.util.ConfigurationBuilder;
import org.reflections.util.FilterBuilder;
/**
* an util to iterate class in a package,
*
* #author eric
* #date Dec 10, 2013 12:36:46 AM
*/
public class IteratePackageUtil {
/**
* <p>
* Get set of all class in a specified package recursively. this only support lib
* </p>
* <p>
* class of sub package will be included, inner class will be included,
* </p>
* <p>
* could load class that use the same classloader of current class, can't load system packages,
* </p>
*
* #param pkg
* path of a package
* #return
*/
public static Set<Class<? extends Object>> getClazzSet(String pkg) {
// prepare reflection, include direct subclass of Object.class
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder().setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false), new ResourcesScanner())
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forClassLoader(ClasspathHelper.classLoaders(new ClassLoader[0])))
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().includePackage(pkg)));
return reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
}
public static void test() {
String pkg = "org.apache.tomcat.util";
Set<Class<? extends Object>> clazzSet = getClazzSet(pkg);
for (Class<? extends Object> clazz : clazzSet) {
System.out.println(clazz.getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
}
Almost all the answers either uses Reflections or reads class files from file system. If you try to read classes from file system, you may get errors when you package your application as JAR or other. Also you may not want to use a separate library for that purpose.
Here is another approach which is pure java and not depends on file system.
import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
import javax.tools.StandardLocation;
import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
public class PackageUtil {
public static Collection<Class> getClasses(final String pack) throws Exception {
final StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler().getStandardFileManager(null, null, null);
return StreamSupport.stream(fileManager.list(StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH, pack, Collections.singleton(JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS), false).spliterator(), false)
.map(javaFileObject -> {
try {
final String[] split = javaFileObject.getName()
.replace(".class", "")
.replace(")", "")
.split(Pattern.quote(File.separator));
final String fullClassName = pack + "." + split[split.length - 1];
return Class.forName(fullClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
})
.collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
}
}
Java 8 is not a must. You can use for loops instead of streams.
And you can test it like this
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final String pack = "java.nio.file"; // Or any other package
PackageUtil.getClasses(pack).stream().forEach(System.out::println);
}
Aleksander Blomskøld's solution did not work for me for parameterized tests #RunWith(Parameterized.class) when using Maven. The tests were named correctly and also where found but not executed:
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running some.properly.named.test.run.with.maven.SomeTest
Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.123 sec
A similar issue has been reported here.
In my case #Parameters is creating instances of each class in a package. The tests worked well when run locally in the IDE. However, when running Maven no classes where found with Aleksander Blomskøld's solution.
I did make it work with the following snipped which was inspired by David Pärsson's comment on Aleksander Blomskøld's answer:
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false /* don't exclude Object.class */), new ResourcesScanner())
.addUrls(ClasspathHelper.forJavaClassPath())
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder()
.include(FilterBuilder.prefix(basePackage))));
Set<Class<?>> subTypesOf = reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
I couldn't find a short working snippet for something so simple. So here it is, I made it myself after screwing around for a while:
Reflections reflections =
new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().includePackage(packagePath))
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forPackage(packagePath))
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false)));
Set<String> typeList = reflections.getAllTypes();
It uses org.reflections.
Define classes to be scanning in the package test
package test;
public class A {
private class B {}
enum C {}
record D() {}
}
For org.reflections:reflections:0.10.2, it works for me as follows:
Use reflection lib to scan classes in package test
#Test
void t() {
final String packagePath = "test";
final Reflections reflections =
new Reflections(packagePath, Scanners.SubTypes.filterResultsBy(v -> true));
reflections.getAll(Scanners.SubTypes).forEach(System.out::println);
}
Output
java.lang.constant.Constable
java.lang.Enum
java.lang.Comparable
java.lang.Record
java.lang.Object
java.io.Serializable
test.A$C
test.A$D
test.A$B
test.A
For io.github.classgraph:classgraph:4.8.146, it works for me as follows:
#Test
void t() {
final String packagePath = "test";
try (ScanResult scanResult = new ClassGraph()
.enableClassInfo()
.ignoreClassVisibility()
.acceptPackages(packagePath)
.scan()) {
scanResult.getAllClasses()
.forEach(v -> {
System.out.println(v.getName());
});
}
}
Output
test.A
test.A$B
test.A$C
test.A$D
Provided you are not using any dynamic class loaders you can search the classpath and for each entry search the directory or JAR file.
Worth mentioning
If you want to have a list of all classes under some package, you can use Reflection the following way:
List<Class> myTypes = new ArrayList<>();
Reflections reflections = new Reflections("com.package");
for (String s : reflections.getStore().get(SubTypesScanner.class).values()) {
myTypes.add(Class.forName(s));
}
This will create a list of classes that later you can use them as you wish.
It is very possible, but without additional libraries like Reflections it is hard...
It is hard because you haven't full instrument for get class name.
And, I take the code of my ClassFinder class:
package play.util;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
/**
* Created by LINKOR on 26.05.2017 in 15:12.
* Date: 2017.05.26
*/
public class FileClassFinder {
private JarFile file;
private boolean trouble;
public FileClassFinder(String filePath) {
try {
file = new JarFile(filePath);
} catch (IOException e) {
trouble = true;
}
}
public List<String> findClasses(String pkg) {
ArrayList<String> classes = new ArrayList<>();
Enumeration<JarEntry> entries = file.entries();
while (entries.hasMoreElements()) {
JarEntry cls = entries.nextElement();
if (!cls.isDirectory()) {
String fileName = cls.getName();
String className = fileName.replaceAll("/", ".").replaceAll(File.pathSeparator, ".").substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf('.'));
if (className.startsWith(pkg)) classes.add(className.substring(pkg.length() + 1));
}
}
return classes;
}
}
this scans the class loaders and all parent loaders for jar files and directories.
the jar files and directories referred by the Class-Path of the jars are also loaded.
this code is testet with Java 8,11,18.
on 8 everything works perfectly using the URLClassLoader and the getURLs() method.
on 11 it works fine using reflections, but the JVM prints a warning on the stderr stream (not redirectible with System.setErr() with my JVM)
on 18 the reflections are useless (throws NoSuchMethod/Field), and the only thing (where I know that it works) is to use the getResource() method. When the class loader loades the resources of the given package from the file system a simple path url is returned. When the class loader loades the resources from a jar a url like 'jar:file:[jar-path]!/[in-jar-path]' is returned.
I have used the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/1157352/18252455 (from a duplicate question) and added the functionality to read the Class-Path and also search for directory URLs.
/**
* orig description:<br>
* Scans all classloaders for the current thread for loaded jars, and then scans
* each jar for the package name in question, listing all classes directly under
* the package name in question. Assumes directory structure in jar file and class
* package naming follow java conventions (i.e. com.example.test.MyTest would be in
* /com/example/test/MyTest.class)
* <p>
* in addition this method also scans for directories, where also is assumed, that the classes are
* placed followed by the java conventions. (i.e. <code>com.example.test.MyTest</code> would be in
* <code>directory/com/example/test/MyTest.class</code>)
* <p>
* this method also reads the jars Class-Path for other jars and directories. for the jars and
* directories referred in the jars are scanned with the same rules as defined here.<br>
* it is ensured that no jar/directory is scanned exactly one time.
* <p>
* if {#code bailError} is <code>true</code> all errors will be wrapped in a
* {#link RuntimeException}
* and then thrown.<br>
* a {#link RuntimeException} will also be thrown if something unexpected happens.<br>
*
* #param packageName
* the name of the package for which the classes should be searched
* #param allowSubPackages
* <code>true</code> is also classes in sub packages should be found
* #param loader
* the {#link ClassLoader} which should be used to find the URLs and to load classes
* #param bailError
* if all {#link Exception} should be re-thrown wrapped in {#link RuntimeException} and
* if a {#link RuntimeException} should be thrown, when something is not as expected.
* #see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1156552/java-package-introspection
* #see https://stackoverflow.com/a/1157352/18252455
* #see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
* #see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode
*/
public static Set <Class <?>> tryGetClassesForPackage(String packageName, boolean allowSubPackages, ClassLoader loader, boolean bailError) {
Set <URL> jarUrls = new HashSet <URL>();
Set <Path> directorys = new HashSet <Path>();
findClassPools(loader, jarUrls, directorys, bailError, packageName);
Set <Class <?>> jarClasses = findJarClasses(allowSubPackages, packageName, jarUrls, directorys, loader, bailError);
Set <Class <?>> dirClasses = findDirClasses(allowSubPackages, packageName, directorys, loader, bailError);
jarClasses.addAll(dirClasses);
return jarClasses;
}
private static Set <Class <?>> findDirClasses(boolean subPackages, String packageName, Set <Path> directorys, ClassLoader loader, boolean bailError) {
Filter <Path> filter;
Set <Class <?>> result = new HashSet <>();
for (Path startPath : directorys) {
String packagePath = packageName.replace(".", startPath.getFileSystem().getSeparator());
final Path searchPath = startPath.resolve(packagePath).toAbsolutePath();
if (subPackages) {
filter = p -> {
p = p.toAbsolutePath();
Path other;
if (p.getNameCount() >= searchPath.getNameCount()) {
other = searchPath;
} else {
other = searchPath.subpath(0, p.getNameCount());
}
if (p.startsWith(other)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
};
} else {
filter = p -> {
p = p.toAbsolutePath();
if (p.getNameCount() > searchPath.getNameCount() + 1) {
return false;
} else if (p.toAbsolutePath().startsWith(searchPath)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
};
}
if (Files.exists(searchPath)) {
findDirClassFilesRecursive(filter, searchPath, startPath, result, loader, bailError);
} // the package does not have to exist in every directory
}
return result;
}
private static void findDirClassFilesRecursive(Filter <Path> filter, Path path, Path start, Set <Class <?>> classes, ClassLoader loader, boolean bailError) {
try (DirectoryStream <Path> dirStream = Files.newDirectoryStream(path, filter)) {
for (Path p : dirStream) {
if (Files.isDirectory(p)) {
findDirClassFilesRecursive(filter, p, start, classes, loader, bailError);
} else {
Path subp = p.subpath(start.getNameCount(), p.getNameCount());
String str = subp.toString();
if (str.endsWith(".class")) {
str = str.substring(0, str.length() - 6);
String sep = p.getFileSystem().getSeparator();
if (str.startsWith(sep)) {
str = str.substring(sep.length());
}
if (str.endsWith(sep)) {
str = str.substring(0, str.length() - sep.length());
}
String fullClassName = str.replace(sep, ".");
try {
Class <?> cls = Class.forName(fullClassName, false, loader);
classes.add(cls);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
private static Set <Class <?>> findJarClasses(boolean subPackages, String packageName, Set <URL> nextJarUrls, Set <Path> directories, ClassLoader loader, boolean bailError) {
String packagePath = packageName.replace('.', '/');
Set <Class <?>> result = new HashSet <>();
Set <URL> allJarUrls = new HashSet <>();
while (true) {
Set <URL> thisJarUrls = new HashSet <>(nextJarUrls);
thisJarUrls.removeAll(allJarUrls);
if (thisJarUrls.isEmpty()) {
break;
}
allJarUrls.addAll(thisJarUrls);
for (URL url : thisJarUrls) {
try (JarInputStream stream = new JarInputStream(url.openStream())) {
// may want better way to open url connections
readJarClassPath(stream, nextJarUrls, directories, bailError);
JarEntry entry = stream.getNextJarEntry();
while (entry != null) {
String name = entry.getName();
int i = name.lastIndexOf("/");
if (i > 0 && name.endsWith(".class")) {
try {
if (subPackages) {
if (name.substring(0, i).startsWith(packagePath)) {
Class <?> cls = Class.forName(name.substring(0, name.length() - 6).replace("/", "."), false, loader);
result.add(cls);
}
} else {
if (name.substring(0, i).equals(packagePath)) {
Class <?> cls = Class.forName(name.substring(0, name.length() - 6).replace("/", "."), false, loader);
result.add(cls);
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
entry = stream.getNextJarEntry();
}
stream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return result;
}
private static void readJarClassPath(JarInputStream stream, Set <URL> jarUrls, Set <Path> directories, boolean bailError) {
Object classPathObj = stream.getManifest().getMainAttributes().get(new Name("Class-Path"));
if (classPathObj == null) {
return;
}
if (classPathObj instanceof String) {
String[] entries = ((String) classPathObj).split("\\s+");// should also work with a single space (" ")
for (String entry : entries) {
try {
URL url = new URL(entry);
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directories, url, bailError);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} else if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException("the Class-Path attribute is no String: " + classPathObj.getClass().getName() + " tos='" + classPathObj + "'");
}
}
private static void findClassPools(ClassLoader classLoader, Set <URL> jarUrls, Set <Path> directoryPaths, boolean bailError, String packageName) {
packageName = packageName.replace('.', '/');
while (classLoader != null) {
if (classLoader instanceof URLClassLoader) {
for (URL url : ((URLClassLoader) classLoader).getURLs()) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, url, bailError);
System.out.println("rurl-class-loade.url[n]r->'" + url + "'");
}
} else {
URL res = classLoader.getResource("");
if (res != null) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, res, bailError);
}
res = classLoader.getResource("/");
if (res != null) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, res, bailError);
}
res = classLoader.getResource("/" + packageName);
if (res != null) {
res = removePackageFromUrl(res, packageName, bailError);
if (res != null) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, res, bailError);
}
}
res = classLoader.getResource(packageName);
if (res != null) {
res = removePackageFromUrl(res, packageName, bailError);
if (res != null) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, res, bailError);
}
}
addFromUnknownClass(classLoader, jarUrls, directoryPaths, bailError, 8);
}
classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
}
}
private static URL removePackageFromUrl(URL res, String packagePath, boolean bailError) {
packagePath = "/" + packagePath;
String urlStr = res.toString();
if ( !urlStr.endsWith(packagePath)) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException("the url string does not end with the packagepath! packagePath='" + packagePath + "' urlStr='" + urlStr + "'");
} else {
return null;
}
}
urlStr = urlStr.substring(0, urlStr.length() - packagePath.length());
if (urlStr.endsWith("!")) {
urlStr = urlStr.substring(0, urlStr.length() - 1);
}
if (urlStr.startsWith("jar:")) {
urlStr = urlStr.substring(4);
}
try {
return new URL(urlStr);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
private static void addFromUnknownClass(Object instance, Set <URL> jarUrls, Set <Path> directoryPaths, boolean bailError, int maxDeep) {
Class <?> cls = instance.getClass();
while (cls != null) {
Field[] fields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
Class <?> type = field.getType();
Object value;
try {
value = getValue(instance, field);
if (value != null) {
addFromUnknownValue(value, jarUrls, directoryPaths, bailError, type, field.getName(), maxDeep - 1);
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | SecurityException e) {
if (bailError) {
final String version = System.getProperty("java.version");
String vers = version;
if (vers.startsWith("1.")) {
vers = vers.substring(2);
}
int dotindex = vers.indexOf('.');
if (dotindex != -1) {
vers = vers.substring(0, dotindex);
}
int versNum;
try {
versNum = Integer.parseInt(vers);
} catch (NumberFormatException e1) {
throw new RuntimeException("illegal version: '" + version + "' lastError: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
if (versNum <= 11) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
cls = cls.getSuperclass();
}
}
private static Object getValue(Object instance, Field field) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, SecurityException {
try {
boolean flag = field.isAccessible();
boolean newflag = flag;
try {
field.setAccessible(true);
newflag = true;
} catch (Exception e) {}
try {
return field.get(instance);
} finally {
if (flag != newflag) {
field.setAccessible(flag);
}
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | SecurityException e) {
try {
Field override = AccessibleObject.class.getDeclaredField("override");
boolean flag = override.isAccessible();
boolean newFlag = flag;
try {
override.setAccessible(true);
flag = true;
} catch (Exception s) {}
override.setBoolean(field, true);
if (flag != newFlag) {
override.setAccessible(flag);
}
return field.get(instance);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e1) {
e.addSuppressed(e1);
throw e;
}
}
}
private static void addFromUnknownValue(Object value, Set <URL> jarUrls, Set <Path> directoryPaths, boolean bailError, Class <?> type, String fieldName, int maxDeep) {
if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
for (Object obj : (Collection <?>) value) {
URL url = null;
try {
if (obj instanceof URL) {
url = (URL) obj;
} else if (obj instanceof Path) {
url = ((Path) obj).toUri().toURL();
} else if (obj instanceof File) {
url = ((File) obj).toURI().toURL();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if (url != null) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, url, bailError);
}
}
} else if (URL[].class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
for (URL url : (URL[]) value) {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, url, bailError);
}
} else if (Path[].class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
for (Path path : (Path[]) value) {
try {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, path.toUri().toURL(), bailError);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
} else if (File[].class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
for (File file : (File[]) value) {
try {
addFromUrl(jarUrls, directoryPaths, file.toURI().toURL(), bailError);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
} else if (maxDeep > 0) {
addFromUnknownClass(value, jarUrls, directoryPaths, bailError, maxDeep - 1);
}
}
private static void addFromUrl(Set <URL> jarUrls, Set <Path> directoryPaths, URL url, boolean bailError) {
if (url.getFile().endsWith(".jar") || url.getFile().endsWith(".zip")) {
// may want better way to detect jar files
jarUrls.add(url);
} else {
try {
Path path = Paths.get(url.toURI());
if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
directoryPaths.add(path);
} else if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException("unknown url for class loading: " + url);
}
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
if (bailError) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
imports:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream.Filter;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.jar.Attributes.Name;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarInputStream;
Based on #Staale's answer, and in an attempt not to rely on third party libraries, I would implement the File System approach by inspecting first package physical location with:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
...
Class<?>[] foundClasses = new Class<?>[0];
final ArrayList<Class<?>> foundClassesDyn = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
new java.io.File(
klass.getResource(
"/" + curPackage.replace( "." , "/")
).getFile()
).listFiles(
new java.io.FileFilter() {
public boolean accept(java.io.File file) {
final String classExtension = ".class";
if ( file.isFile()
&& file.getName().endsWith(classExtension)
// avoid inner classes
&& ! file.getName().contains("$") )
{
try {
String className = file.getName();
className = className.substring(0, className.length() - classExtension.length());
foundClassesDyn.add( Class.forName( curPackage + "." + className ) );
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
return false;
}
}
);
foundClasses = foundClassesDyn.toArray(foundClasses);
plain java: FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest.java
#Slf4j
class FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest {
private static final Function<Throwable, RuntimeException> asRuntimeException = throwable -> {
log.error(throwable.getLocalizedMessage());
return new RuntimeException(throwable);
};
private static final Function<String, Collection<Class<?>>> findAllPackageClasses = basePackageName -> {
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
Charset charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
val fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler()
.getStandardFileManager(/* diagnosticListener */ null, locale, charset);
StandardLocation location = StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH;
JavaFileObject.Kind kind = JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS;
Set<JavaFileObject.Kind> kinds = Collections.singleton(kind);
val javaFileObjects = Try.of(() -> fileManager.list(location, basePackageName, kinds, /* recurse */ true))
.getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException);
String pathToPackageAndClass = basePackageName.replace(".", File.separator);
Function<String, String> mapToClassName = s -> {
String prefix = Arrays.stream(s.split(pathToPackageAndClass))
.findFirst()
.orElse("");
return s.replaceFirst(prefix, "")
.replaceAll(File.separator, ".");
};
return StreamSupport.stream(javaFileObjects.spliterator(), /* parallel */ true)
.filter(javaFileObject -> javaFileObject.getKind().equals(kind))
.map(FileObject::getName)
.map(fileObjectName -> fileObjectName.replace(".class", ""))
.map(mapToClassName)
.map(className -> Try.of(() -> Class.forName(className))
.getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
};
#Test
#DisplayName("should get classes recursively in given package")
void test() {
Collection<Class<?>> classes = findAllPackageClasses.apply(getClass().getPackage().getName());
assertThat(classes).hasSizeGreaterThan(4);
classes.stream().map(String::valueOf).forEach(log::info);
}
}
PS: to simplify boilerplates for handling errors, etc, I'm using here vavr and lombok libraries
other implementations could be found in my GitHub daggerok/java-reflection-find-annotated-classes-or-methods repo
As of org.reflections version 0.10 :
org.reflections.scanners.SubTypesScanner
and
org.reflections.Reflections.getAllTypes()
are deprecated. I userd:
public Set<String> getEntityNamesInPackage(String packagePath) {
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().includePackage(packagePath))
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forPackage(packagePath))
.setScanners(SubTypes.filterResultsBy(s -> true)));
return reflections.getAll(SubTypes).stream()
.filter(s -> s.startsWith(packagePath))
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
If you are merely looking to load a group of related classes, then Spring can help you.
Spring can instantiate a list or map of all classes that implement a given interface in one line of code. The list or map will contain instances of all the classes that implement that interface.
That being said, as an alternative to loading the list of classes out of the file system, instead just implement the same interface in all the classes you want to load, regardless of package and use Spring to provide you instances of all of them. That way, you can load (and instantiate) all the classes you desire regardless of what package they are in.
On the other hand, if having them all in a package is what you want, then simply have all the classes in that package implement a given interface.
Note that the interface itself doesn't have to declare any methods - it can be completely empty.
To inject a list of classes implementing a given interface, use the following lines of code...
#Autowired
private List<ISomeInterface> implementationList;
It is also possible to inject a Map of classes using Spring. Read the docs if interested to see how.
Finally, I will offer one other solution that is a bit more elegant than searching the entire file system tree.
Create a custom annotation that builds a catalog of the classes to which it is applied - something like #ClassCatalog.
It is not possible, since all classes in the package might not be loaded, while you always knows package of a class.

Add custom folders to classpath in bazel java tests

I'm trying to migrate a large codebase from maven to bazel and I've found that some of the tests write to target/classes and target/test-classes and the production code reads it as resources on the classpath. This is because maven surefire/failsafe run by default from the module directory and add target/classes and target/test-classes to the classpath.
For me to migrate this large codebase the only reasonable solution is to create target, target/classes and target/test-classes folders and add the last two to the classpath of the tests.
Any ideas on how this can be achieved?
Thanks
Another line of approach. Instead of generating a test suite, create a custom javaagent and a custom class loader. Use jvm_flags to setup and configure it.
The javaagent has a premain method. This sounds like a natural place to do things that happen before the regular main method, even if they don't have anything to do with class instrumentation, debugging, coverage gathering, or any other usual uses of javaagents.
The custom javaagent reads system property extra.dirs and creates directories specified there. It then reads property extra.link.path and creates the symbolic links as specified there, so I can place resources where the tests expect them, without having to copy them.
Classloader is needed so that we can amend the classpath at runtime without hacks. Great advantage is that this solution works on Java 10.
The custom classloader reads system property extra.class.path and (in effect) prepends it before what is in java.class.path.
Doing things this way means that standard bazel rules can be used.
BUILD
runtime_classgen_dirs = ":".join([
"target/classes",
"target/test-classes",
])
java_test(
...,
jvm_flags = [
# agent
"-javaagent:$(location //tools:test-agent_deploy.jar)",
"-Dextra.dirs=" + runtime_classgen_dirs,
# classloader
"-Djava.system.class.loader=ResourceJavaAgent",
"-Dextra.class.path=" + runtime_classgen_dirs,
],
,,,,
deps = [
# not runtime_deps, cause https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/1566
"//tools:test-agent_deploy.jartest-agent_deploy.jar"
],
...,
)
tools/BUILD
java_binary(
name = "test-agent",
testonly = True,
srcs = ["ResourceJavaAgent.java"],
deploy_manifest_lines = ["Premain-Class: ResourceJavaAgent"],
main_class = "ResourceJavaAgent",
visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
)
tools/ResourceJavaAgent.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60764/how-should-i-load-jars-dynamically-at-runtime
public class ResourceJavaAgent extends URLClassLoader {
private final ClassLoader parent;
public ResourceJavaAgent(ClassLoader parent) throws MalformedURLException {
super(buildClassPath(), null);
this.parent = parent; // I need the parent as backup for SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");
System.out.println("initializing url classloader");
}
private static URL[] buildClassPath() throws MalformedURLException {
final String JAVA_CLASS_PATH = "java.class.path";
final String EXTRA_CLASS_PATH = "extra.class.path";
List<String> paths = new LinkedList<>();
paths.addAll(Arrays.asList(System.getProperty(EXTRA_CLASS_PATH, "").split(File.pathSeparator)));
paths.addAll(Arrays.asList(System.getProperty(JAVA_CLASS_PATH, "").split(File.pathSeparator)));
URL[] urls = new URL[paths.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
urls[i] = Paths.get(paths.get(i)).toUri().toURL(); // important only for resource url, really: this url must be absolute, to pass getClass().getResource("/users.properties").toURI()) with uri that isOpaque == false.
// System.out.println(urls[i]);
}
// this is for spawnVM functionality in tests
System.setProperty(JAVA_CLASS_PATH, System.getProperty(EXTRA_CLASS_PATH, "") + File.pathSeparator + System.getProperty(JAVA_CLASS_PATH));
return urls;
}
#Override
public Class<?> loadClass(String s) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
return super.loadClass(s);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
return parent.loadClass(s); // we search parent second, not first, as the default URLClassLoader would
}
}
private static void createRequestedDirs() {
for (String path : System.getProperty("extra.dirs", "").split(File.pathSeparator)) {
new File(path).mkdirs();
}
}
private static void createRequestedLinks() {
String linkPaths = System.getProperty("extra.link.path", null);
if (linkPaths == null) {
return;
}
for (String linkPath : linkPaths.split(",")) {
String[] fromTo = linkPath.split(":");
Path from = Paths.get(fromTo[0]);
Path to = Paths.get(fromTo[1]);
try {
Files.createSymbolicLink(from.toAbsolutePath(), to.toAbsolutePath());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to create link " + linkPath, e);
}
}
}
public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation instrumentation) throws Exception {
createRequestedDirs();
createRequestedLinks();
}
}
If you could tell the tests where to write these files (in case target/classes and target/test-classes are hardcoded), and then turn the test run into a genrule, then you can specify the genrule's outputs as data for the production binary's *_binary rule.
I solved the first part, creating the directories. I still don't know how to add the latter two to classpath.
Starting from https://gerrit.googlesource.com/bazlets/+/master/tools/junit.bzl, I modified it to read
_OUTPUT = """import org.junit.runners.Suite;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import java.io.File;
#RunWith(Suite.class)
#Suite.SuiteClasses({%s})
public class %s {
#BeforeClass
public static void setUp() throws Exception {
new File("./target").mkdir();
}
}
"""
_PREFIXES = ("org", "com", "edu")
# ...
I added the #BeforeClass setUp method.
I stored this as junit.bzl into third_party directory in my project.
Then in a BUILD file,
load("//third_party:junit.bzl", "junit_tests")
junit_tests(
name = "my_bundled_test",
srcs = glob(["src/test/java/**/*.java"]),
data = glob(["src/test/resources/**"]),
resources = glob(["src/test/resources/**"]),
tags = [
# ...
],
runtime_deps = [
# ...
],
],
deps = [
# ...
],
)
Now the test itself is wrapped with a setUp method which will create a directory for me. I am not deleting them afterwards, which is probably a sound idea to do.
The reason I need test resources in a directory (as opposed to in a jar file, which bazel gives by default) is that my test passes the URI to new FileInputStream(new File(uri)). If the file resides in a JAR, the URI will be file:/path/to/my.jar!/my.file and the rest of the test cannot work with such URI.

Scanning classpath/modulepath in runtime in Java 9

I can't seem to find any info on whether scanning all available classes (for interfaces, annotations etc) is still possible in runtime, the way Spring, Reflections and many other frameworks and libraries currently do, in the face of Jigsaw related changes to the way classes are loaded.
EDIT:
This question is about scanning the real physical file paths looking for classes. The other question is about dynamically loading classes and resources. It's related but very much not a duplicate.
UPDATE: Jetty project has made a JEP proposal for a standardized API for this. If you have a way to help make this reality, please do. Otherwise, wait and hope.
UPDATE 2: Found this relevant sounding post. Quoting the code snippet for posterity:
If you are really just looking to get at the contents of the modules in
the boot layer (the modules that are resolved at startup) then you'll do
something like this:
ModuleLayer.boot().configuration().modules().stream()
.map(ResolvedModule::reference)
.forEach(mref -> {
System.out.println(mref.descriptor().name());
try (ModuleReader reader = mref.open()) {
reader.list().forEach(System.out::println);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
}
});
The following code achieves module path scanning in Java 9+ (Jigsaw / JPMS). It finds all classes on the callstack, then for each class reference, calls classRef.getModule().getLayer().getConfiguration().modules(), which returns a a List<ResolvedModule>, rather than just a List<Module>. (ResolvedModule gives you access to the module resources, whereas Module does not.) Given a ResolvedModule reference for each module, you can call the .reference() method to get the ModuleReference for a module. ModuleReference#open() gives you a ModuleReader, which allows you to list the resources in a module, using ModuleReader#list(), or to open a resource using Optional<InputStream> ModuleReader#open(resourcePath) or Optional<ByteBuffer> ModuleReader#read(resourcePath). You then close the ModuleReader when you're done with the module. This is not documented anywhere that I have seen. It was very difficult to figure all this out. But here is the code, in the hope that someone else will benefit from this.
Note that even in JDK9+, you can still utilize traditional classpath elements along with module path elements, so for a complete module path + classpath scan, you should probably use a proper classpath scanning solution, such as ClassGraph, which supports module scanning using the below mechanism (disclaimer, I am the author). You can find a reflection-based version of the following code here.
Also note that there was a bug in StackWalker in several JDK releases after JDK 9 that has to be worked around, see the above reflection-based code for details.
package main;
import java.lang.StackWalker;
import java.lang.StackWalker.Option;
import java.lang.StackWalker.StackFrame;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;
import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
import java.net.URI;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class Java9Scanner {
/** Recursively find the topological sort order of ancestral layers. */
private static void findLayerOrder(ModuleLayer layer,
Set<ModuleLayer> visited, Deque<ModuleLayer> layersOut) {
if (visited.add(layer)) {
List<ModuleLayer> parents = layer.parents();
for (int i = 0; i < parents.size(); i++) {
findLayerOrder(parents.get(i), visited, layersOut);
}
layersOut.push(layer);
}
}
/** Get ModuleReferences from a Class reference. */
private static List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> findModuleRefs(
Class<?>[] callStack) {
Deque<ModuleLayer> layerOrder = new ArrayDeque<>();
Set<ModuleLayer> visited = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < callStack.length; i++) {
ModuleLayer layer = callStack[i].getModule().getLayer();
findLayerOrder(layer, visited, layerOrder);
}
Set<ModuleReference> addedModules = new HashSet<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
for (ModuleLayer layer : layerOrder) {
Set<ResolvedModule> modulesInLayerSet = layer.configuration()
.modules();
final List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> modulesInLayer =
new ArrayList<>();
for (ResolvedModule module : modulesInLayerSet) {
modulesInLayer
.add(new SimpleEntry<>(module.reference(), layer));
}
// Sort modules in layer by name for consistency
Collections.sort(modulesInLayer,
(e1, e2) -> e1.getKey().descriptor().name()
.compareTo(e2.getKey().descriptor().name()));
// To be safe, dedup ModuleReferences, in case a module occurs in multiple
// layers and reuses its ModuleReference (no idea if this can happen)
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : modulesInLayer) {
if (addedModules.add(m.getKey())) {
moduleRefs.add(m);
}
}
}
return moduleRefs;
}
/** Get the classes in the call stack. */
private static Class<?>[] getCallStack() {
// Try StackWalker (JDK 9+)
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> stackWalkerAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
StackWalker.getInstance(
Option.RETAIN_CLASS_REFERENCE)
.walk(s -> s.map(
StackFrame::getDeclaringClass)
.toArray(Class[]::new));
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(stackWalkerAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return stackWalkerAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// Try SecurityManager
PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]> callerResolverAction =
(PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>) () ->
new SecurityManager() {
#Override
public Class<?>[] getClassContext() {
return super.getClassContext();
}
}.getClassContext();
try {
// Try with doPrivileged()
return AccessController
.doPrivileged(callerResolverAction);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
// Try without doPrivileged()
return callerResolverAction.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
// As a fallback, use getStackTrace() to try to get the call stack
try {
throw new Exception();
} catch (final Exception e) {
final List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<>();
for (final StackTraceElement elt : e.getStackTrace()) {
try {
classes.add(Class.forName(elt.getClassName()));
} catch (final Throwable e2) {
// Ignore
}
}
if (classes.size() > 0) {
return classes.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
} else {
// Last-ditch effort -- include just this class
return new Class<?>[] { Java9Scanner.class };
}
}
}
/**
* Return true if the given module name is a system module.
* There can be system modules in layers above the boot layer.
*/
private static boolean isSystemModule(
final ModuleReference moduleReference) {
String name = moduleReference.descriptor().name();
if (name == null) {
return false;
}
return name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("jdk.")
|| name.startsWith("javafx.") || name.startsWith("oracle.");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Get ModuleReferences for modules of all classes in call stack,
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> systemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> nonSystemModuleRefs = new ArrayList<>();
Class<?>[] callStack = getCallStack();
List<Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer>> moduleRefs = findModuleRefs(
callStack);
// Split module refs into system and non-system modules based on module name
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> m : moduleRefs) {
(isSystemModule(m.getKey()) ? systemModuleRefs
: nonSystemModuleRefs).add(m);
}
// List system modules
System.out.println("\nSYSTEM MODULES:\n");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : systemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
System.out.println(" " + ref.descriptor().name());
}
// Show info for non-system modules
System.out.println("\nNON-SYSTEM MODULES:");
for (Entry<ModuleReference, ModuleLayer> e : nonSystemModuleRefs) {
ModuleReference ref = e.getKey();
ModuleLayer layer = e.getValue();
System.out.println("\n " + ref.descriptor().name());
System.out.println(
" Version: " + ref.descriptor().toNameAndVersion());
System.out.println(
" Packages: " + ref.descriptor().packages());
System.out.println(" ClassLoader: "
+ layer.findLoader(ref.descriptor().name()));
Optional<URI> location = ref.location();
if (location.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(" Location: " + location.get());
}
try (ModuleReader moduleReader = ref.open()) {
Stream<String> stream = moduleReader.list();
stream.forEach(s -> System.out.println(" File: " + s));
}
}
}
}
The actual issue here is to find the paths to all jars and folders on the classpath. Once when you have them, you can scan.
What I did is the following:
get the current module descriptor for current class
get all requires modules
for each such module open resource of MANIFEST.MF
remove the MANIFEST.MF path from the resource url
what remains is the classpath of the module, i.e. to it's jar or folder.
I do the same for current module, to get the classpath for current code.
This way I collect classpath of a currently working module and all its required modules (1 step away). That was working for me - and my Java8 scanner was still being able to do the job. This approach does not require any additional VM flag etc.
I could extend this approach to get all required modules easily (not only the first level), but for now, I don't need that.
Code.

How to get version attribute from a gradle build to be included in runtime Swing application

I have a simple parent project with modules/applications within it. My build tool of choice is gradle. The parent build.gradle is defined below.
apply plugin: 'groovy'
dependencies {
compile gradleApi()
compile localGroovy()
}
allprojects {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
version "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
}
What I would like to do is utilize the version attribute (0.1.0-SNAPSHOT) within my swing application. Specifically, I'd like it to display in the titlebar of the main JFrame. I expect to be able to do something like this.setTitle("My Application - v." + ???.version);
The application is a plain java project, but I'm not opposed to adding groovy support it it will help.
I like creating a properties file during the build. Here's a way to do that from Gradle directly:
task createProperties(dependsOn: processResources) {
doLast {
new File("$buildDir/resources/main/version.properties").withWriter { w ->
Properties p = new Properties()
p['version'] = project.version.toString()
p.store w, null
}
}
}
classes {
dependsOn createProperties
}
You can always use brute force as somebody suggested and generate properties file during build. More elegant answer, which works only partially would be to use
getClass().getPackage().getImplementationVersion()
Problem is that this will work only if you run your application from generated jar - if you run it directly from IDE/expanded classes, getPackage above will return null. It is good enough for many cases - just display 'DEVELOPMENT' if you run from IDE(geting null package) and will work for actual client deployments.
Better idea is to keep the project version in gradle.properties file. All the properties from this file will be automatically loaded and can be used in build.gradle script.
Then if you need the version in your swing application, add a version.properties file under src/main/resources folder and filter this file during application build, here is a post that shows how it should be done.
version.properties will be included in the final jar, hence can be read and via ClassLoader and properties from this file can be displayed in application.
Simpler and updated solution of #Craig Trader (ready for Gradle 4.0/5.0)
task createProperties {
doLast {
def version = project.version.toString()
def file = new File("$buildDir/resources/main/version.txt")
file.write(version)
}
}
war {
dependsOn createProperties
}
I used #Craig Trader's answer, but had to add quite some changes to make it work (it also adds git-details):
task createProperties() {
doLast {
def details = versionDetails()
new File("$buildDir/resources/main/version.properties").withWriter { w ->
Properties p = new Properties()
p['version'] = project.version.toString()
p['gitLastTag'] = details.lastTag
p['gitCommitDistance'] = details.commitDistance.toString()
p['gitHash'] = details.gitHash.toString()
p['gitHashFull'] = details.gitHashFull.toString() // full 40-character Git commit hash
p['gitBranchName'] = details.branchName // is null if the repository in detached HEAD mode
p['gitIsCleanTag'] = details.isCleanTag.toString()
p.store w, null
}
// copy needed, otherwise the bean VersionController can't load the file at startup when running complete-app tests.
copy {
from "$buildDir/resources/main/version.properties"
into "bin/main/"
}
}
}
classes {
dependsOn createProperties
}
And load it from the constructor of class: VersionController
import static net.logstash.logback.argument.StructuredArguments.v;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.info.BuildProperties;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
#RestController
public class VersionController {
final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AppInfoController.class);
private Properties versionProperties = new Properties();
private String gitLastTag;
private String gitHash;
private String gitBranchName;
private String gitIsCleanTag;
VersionController()
{
String AllGitVersionProperties = "";
InputStream inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("classpath:/version.properties");
if(inputStream == null)
{
// When running unit tests, no jar is built, so we load a copy of the file that we saved during build.gradle.
// Possibly this also is the case during debugging, therefore we save in bin/main instead of bin/test.
try {
inputStream = new FileInputStream("bin/main/version.properties");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
versionProperties.load(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
AllGitVersionProperties += e.getMessage()+":";
log.error("Could not load classpath:/version.properties",e);
}
gitLastTag = versionProperties.getProperty("gitLastTag","last-tag-not-found");
gitHash = versionProperties.getProperty("gitHash","git-hash-not-found");
gitBranchName = versionProperties.getProperty("gitBranchName","git-branch-name-not-found");
gitIsCleanTag = versionProperties.getProperty("gitIsCleanTag","git-isCleanTag-not-found");
Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> mainPropertiesSet = versionProperties.entrySet();
for(Map.Entry oneEntry : mainPropertiesSet){
AllGitVersionProperties += "+" + oneEntry.getKey()+":"+oneEntry.getValue();
}
log.info("All Git Version-Properties:",v("GitVersionProperties", AllGitVersionProperties));
}
}
Using #Craig Trader's solution to save the properties in a version.properties file. Add to build.gradle:
task createProperties() {
doLast {
def details = versionDetails()
new File("$buildDir/resources/main/version.properties").withWriter { w ->
Properties p = new Properties()
p['version'] = project.version.toString()
p['gitLastTag'] = details.lastTag
p['gitCommitDistance'] = details.commitDistance.toString()
p['gitHash'] = details.gitHash.toString()
p['gitHashFull'] = details.gitHashFull.toString() // full 40-character Git commit hash
p['gitBranchName'] = details.branchName // is null if the repository in detached HEAD mode
p['gitIsCleanTag'] = details.isCleanTag.toString()
p.store w, null
}
// copy needed, otherwise the bean VersionController can't load the file at startup when running complete-app tests.
copy {
from "$buildDir/resources/main/version.properties"
into "bin/main/"
}
}
}
classes {
dependsOn createProperties
}
To load the properties runtime in version.properties you need to annotate your class with #PropertySource({"classpath:version.properties"})
Then you can assign a property to a private variable with annotation like:
#Value("${gitLastTag}")
private String gitLastTag;
Full example:
package com.versioncontroller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.Properties;
#PropertySource({"classpath:version.properties"})
public class VersionController {
#Value("${gitLastTag}")
private String gitLastTag;
#Value("${gitHash}")
private String gitHash;
#Value("${gitBranchName}")
private String gitBranchName;
#Value("${gitIsCleanTag}")
private String gitIsCleanTag;
#PostConstruct // properties are only set after the constructor has run
private void logVersion(){
// when called during the constructor, all values are null.
System.out.println("All Git Version-Properties:");
System.out.println("gitLastTag: " + gitLastTag),
System.out.println("gitHash: " + gitHash),
System.out.println("gitBranchName: " + gitBranchName),
System.out.println("gitIsCleanTag: " + gitIsCleanTag));
}
}

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