I'm making a new game and I wanna make a coins collector to, later, buy things with those coins. I'm using eclipse.
void save() {
try {
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter("coins.txt");
out.write(Integer.toString(nmonedas));
out.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
void load() {
StringBuffer texto=new StringBuffer();
try {
int c;
#SuppressWarnings("resource")
FileReader entrada=new FileReader("coins.txt");
while((c=entrada.read())!=-1){
texto.append((char)c);
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {}
labelshow.setText(texto.toString());
}
I have this code but i cant plus the info. NEED HELP PLS
Well, the thing is, I'm doing a game in eclipse and I want you to collect coins and keep them in a file.
They are collected perfectly and stored in the file, but when I start the game again I want them to be collected but they add up with the previous ones
I assume you are referring to appending text to a .TXT file. If so, you can use something like this:
Files.write(Paths.get("Path to text file here"), "Content".getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
I would put the above in a TRY CATCH block. Also look into PrintWriter as this may be more appopriate to what you need it for as it allows you to continuously write to the file.
I have next function:
static void write()
{
try {
File file = new File ("flip.out");
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
out.write(sMax);
System.out.println(sMax);//This command it works
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
The problem is that my program doesn't write anything in my file.
Few things to rectify -
Why create two different instances of File object
File file = new File ("flip.out");
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("flip.out"));
All you need to do is
File file = new File ("flip.out");
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriterfile(file ) ));
Next put your close call in finally statement rather than try block. Why? Because of IOException occurs resource will not be closed and if resource do not get closed your changes may not be reflected in the file.
Next it is a good programming practice not to catch Runtime exceptions. So do not use Exception as a ploymorphic type to catch your exception. Use whatever is being thrown like IOException in your case.
Now there might be various reasons why noting is being written in the file. As you are not getting and Exception one of the reason why this might be happening because your static function is not getting called or the string/object sMax(whatever that is) is empty.
Also the file(if not already present) will be created in the current directory. So if there are multiple instance is your code where your are creating files with same name then make sure you are checking the right one.
You have to flush the stream in order for what's in the memory to get written to the drive. What you wrote to BufferedWriter is sitting in a byte array waiting for the rest of it to be filled up before actually writing it to the disk. This helps with performance, but means you have to flush the stream in case you don't fill up that buffer. Here is how you do that:
static void write() throws IOException {
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("flip.out"));
try {
out.write(sMax);
out.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
// probably could ditch this and
// just the exception bubble up and
// handle it higher up.
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
out.close();
}
}
So if it makes it to the flush() we know we wrote everything to the stream we wanted. However, if we ever get an exception we make sure we close the stream regardless of success or exception. And finally our stream is outside the try statement because the only exception ever thrown by Writers/OutputStreams during construction is FileNotFoundException which means the file never got opened in the first place so we don't have to close it.
can you call out.flush() before closing.
that will make sure any content in buffer is written to file immediately.
The Java 7 try-with-resources syntax (also known as ARM block (Automatic Resource Management)) is nice, short and straightforward when using only one AutoCloseable resource. However, I am not sure what is the correct idiom when I need to declare multiple resources that are dependent on each other, for example a FileWriter and a BufferedWriter that wraps it. Of course, this question concerns any case when some AutoCloseable resources are wrapped, not only these two specific classes.
I came up with the three following alternatives:
1)
The naive idiom I have seen is to declare only the top-level wrapper in the ARM-managed variable:
static void printToFile1(String text, File file) {
try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file))) {
bw.write(text);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// handle ex
}
}
This is nice and short, but it is broken. Because the underlying FileWriter is not declared in a variable, it will never be closed directly in the generated finally block. It will be closed only through the close method of the wrapping BufferedWriter. The problem is, that if an exception is thrown from the bw's constructor, its close will not be called and therefore the underlying FileWriter will not be closed.
2)
static void printToFile2(String text, File file) {
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file);
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)) {
bw.write(text);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// handle ex
}
}
Here, both the underlying and the wrapping resource are declared in the ARM-managed variables, so both of them will certainly be closed, but the underlying fw.close() will be called twice: not only directly, but also through the wrapping bw.close().
This should not be a problem for these two specific classes that both implement Closeable (which is a subtype of AutoCloseable), whose contract states that multiple calls to close are permitted:
Closes this stream and releases any system resources associated with it. If the stream is already closed then invoking this method has no effect.
However, in a general case, I can have resources that implement only AutoCloseable (and not Closeable), which doesn't guarantee that close can be called multiple times:
Note that unlike the close method of java.io.Closeable, this close method is not required to be idempotent. In other words, calling this close method more than once may have some visible side effect, unlike Closeable.close which is required to have no effect if called more than once. However, implementers of this interface are strongly encouraged to make their close methods idempotent.
3)
static void printToFile3(String text, File file) {
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file)) {
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// handle ex
}
}
This version should be theoretically correct, because only the fw represents a real resource that needs to be cleaned up. The bw doesn't itself hold any resource, it only delegates to the fw, so it should be sufficient to only close the underlying fw.
On the other hand, the syntax is a bit irregular and also, Eclipse issues a warning, which I believe is a false alarm, but it is still a warning that one has to deal with:
Resource leak: 'bw' is never closed
So, which approach to go for? Or have I missed some other idiom that is the correct one?
Here's my take on the alternatives:
1)
try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file))) {
bw.write(text);
}
For me, the best thing coming to Java from traditional C++ 15 years ago was that you could trust your program. Even if things are in the muck and going wrong, which they often do, I want the rest of the code to be on best behaviour and smelling of roses. Indeed, the BufferedWriter might throw an exception here. Running out of memory wouldn't be unusual, for instance. For other decorators, do you know which of the java.io wrapper classes throw a checked exception from their constructors? I don't. Doesn't do code understandability much good if you rely upon that sort of obscure knowledge.
Also there's the "destruction". If there is an error condition, then you probably don't want to be flushing rubbish to a file that needs deleting (code for that not shown). Although, of course, deleting the file is also another interesting operation to do as error handling.
Generally you want finally blocks to be as short and reliable as possible. Adding flushes does not help this goal. For many releases some of the buffering classes in the JDK had a bug where an exception from flush within close caused close on the decorated object not be called. Whilst that has been fixed for some time, expect it from other implementations.
2)
try (
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file);
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)
) {
bw.write(text);
}
We're still flushing in the implicit finally block (now with repeated close - this gets worse as you add more decorators), but the construction is safe and we have to implicit finally blocks so even a failed flush doesn't prevent resource release.
3)
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file)) {
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
}
There's a bug here. Should be:
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file)) {
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
bw.flush();
}
Some poorly implemented decorators are in fact resource and will need to be closed reliably. Also some streams may need to be closed in a particular way (perhaps they are doing compression and need to write bits to finish off, and can't just flush everything.
Verdict
Although 3 is a technically superior solution, software development reasons make 2 the better choice. However, try-with-resource is still an inadequate fix and you should stick with the Execute Around idiom, which should have a clearer syntax with closures in Java SE 8.
The first style is the one suggested by Oracle. BufferedWriter doesn't throw checked exceptions, so if any exception is thrown, the program is not expected to recover from it, making resource recover mostly moot.
Mostly because it could happen in a thread, with the thread dieing but the program still continuing -- say, there was a temporary memory outage that wasn't long enough to seriously impair the rest of the program. It's a rather corner case, though, and if it happens often enough to make resource leak a problem, the try-with-resources is the least of your problems.
Option 4
Change your resources to be Closeable, not AutoClosable if you can. The fact that the constructors can be chained implies it isn't unheard of to close the resource twice. (This was true before ARM too.) More on this below.
Option 5
Don't use ARM and code very carefully to ensure close() isn't called twice!
Option 6
Don't use ARM and have your finally close() calls in a try/catch themselves.
Why I don't think this problem is unique to ARM
In all these examples, the finally close() calls should be in a catch block. Left out for readability.
No good because fw can be closed twice. (which is fine for FileWriter but not in your hypothetial example):
FileWriter fw = null;
BufferedWriter bw = null;
try {
fw = new FileWriter(file);
bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
} finally {
if ( fw != null ) fw.close();
if ( bw != null ) bw.close();
}
No good because fw not closed if exception on constructing a BufferedWriter. (again, can't happen, but in your hypothetical example):
FileWriter fw = null;
BufferedWriter bw = null;
try {
fw = new FileWriter(file);
bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
} finally {
if ( bw != null ) bw.close();
}
To concur with earlier comments: simplest is (2) to use Closeable resources and declare them in order in the try-with-resources clause. If you only have AutoCloseable, you can wrap them in another (nested) class that just checks that close is only called once (Facade Pattern), e.g. by having private bool isClosed;. In practice even Oracle just (1) chains the constructors and doesn't correctly handle exceptions partway through the chain.
Alternatively, you can manually create a chained resource, using a static factory method; this encapsulates the chain, and handle cleanup if it fails part-way:
static BufferedWriter createBufferedWriterFromFile(File file)
throws IOException {
// If constructor throws an exception, no resource acquired, so no release required.
FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(file);
try {
return new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);
} catch (IOException newBufferedWriterException) {
try {
fileWriter.close();
} catch (IOException closeException) {
// Exceptions in cleanup code are secondary to exceptions in primary code (body of try),
// as in try-with-resources.
newBufferedWriterException.addSuppressed(closeException);
}
throw newBufferedWriterException;
}
}
You can then use it as a single resource in a try-with-resources clause:
try (BufferedWriter writer = createBufferedWriterFromFile(file)) {
// Work with writer.
}
The complexity comes from handling multiple exceptions; otherwise it's just "close resources that you've acquired so far". A common practice seems to be to first initialize the variable that holds the object that holds the resource to null (here fileWriter), and then include a null check in the cleanup, but that seems unnecessary: if the constructor fails, there's nothing to clean up, so we can just let that exception propagate, which simplifies the code a little.
You could probably do this generically:
static <T extends AutoCloseable, U extends AutoCloseable, V>
T createChainedResource(V v) throws Exception {
// If constructor throws an exception, no resource acquired, so no release required.
U u = new U(v);
try {
return new T(u);
} catch (Exception newTException) {
try {
u.close();
} catch (Exception closeException) {
// Exceptions in cleanup code are secondary to exceptions in primary code (body of try),
// as in try-with-resources.
newTException.addSuppressed(closeException);
}
throw newTException;
}
}
Similarly, you can chain three resources, etc.
As a mathematical aside, you could even chain three times by chaining two resources at a time, and it would be associative, meaning you would get the same object on success (because the constructors are associative), and same exceptions if there were a failure in any of the constructors. Assuming you added an S to the above chain (so you start with a V and end with an S, by applying U, T, and S in turn), you get the same either if you first chain S and T, then U, corresponding to (ST)U, or if you first chained T and U, then S, corresponding to S(TU). However, it would be clearer to just write out an explicit three-fold chain in a single factory function.
Since your resources are nested, your try-with clauses should also be:
try (FileWriter fw=new FileWriter(file)) {
try (BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(fw)) {
bw.write(text);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// handle ex
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
// handle ex
}
I just wanted to build on Jeanne Boyarsky's suggestion of not using ARM but making sure the FileWriter is always closed exactly once. Don't think there are any problems here...
FileWriter fw = null;
BufferedWriter bw = null;
try {
fw = new FileWriter(file);
bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(text);
} finally {
if (bw != null) bw.close();
else if (fw != null) fw.close();
}
I guess since ARM is just syntactic sugar, we can't always use it to replace finally blocks. Just like we can't always use a for-each loop to do something that is possible with iterators.
I would say don't use ARM and go on with Closeable. Use method like,
public void close(Closeable... closeables) {
for (Closeable closeable: closeables) {
try {
closeable.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// you can't much for this
}
}
}
Also you should consider calling close of BufferedWriter as it is not just delegating the close to FileWriter , but it does some cleanup like flushBuffer.
My solution is to do a "extract method" refactoring, as following:
static AutoCloseable writeFileWriter(FileWriter fw, String txt) throws IOException{
final BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
bw.write(txt);
return new AutoCloseable(){
#Override
public void close() throws IOException {
bw.flush();
}
};
}
printToFile can be written either
static void printToFile(String text, File file) {
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file)) {
AutoCloseable w = writeFileWriter(fw, text);
w.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
// handle ex
}
}
or
static void printToFile(String text, File file) {
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(file);
AutoCloseable w = writeFileWriter(fw, text)){
} catch (Exception ex) {
// handle ex
}
}
For class lib designers, I will suggest them extend the AutoClosable interface with an additional method to suppress the close. In this case we can then manually control the close behavior.
For language designers, the lesson is that adding a new feature could mean adding a lot others. In this Java case, obviously ARM feature will work better with a resource ownership transfer mechanism.
UPDATE
Originally the code above requires #SuppressWarning since the BufferedWriter inside the function requires close().
As suggested by a comment, if flush() to be called before close the writer, we need to do so before any return (implicit or explicit) statements inside the try block. There is currently no way to ensure the caller doing this I think, so this must be documented for writeFileWriter.
UPDATE AGAIN
The above update makes #SuppressWarning unnecessary since it require the function to return the resource to the caller, so itself does not necessary being closed. Unfortunately, this pull us back to the beginning of the situation: the warning is now moved back to the caller side.
So to properly solve this, we need a customised AutoClosable that whenever it closes, the underline BufferedWriter shall be flush()ed. Actually, this shows us another way to bypass the warning, since the BufferWriter is never closed in either way.
Well, I am trying to write a line of information to log in a text file (.txt) but this is the part where the code fails to write. Everything else works, except this but doesn't give any errors.
public void writeConfig(File config, Boolean append, String errored){
try {
Writer output;
if (config != null){
output = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(config));
} else {
output = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(er));
}
if (append == true){
output.append(errored);
} else {
output.write(errored);
}
} catch (Exception e){
try {
loadErrorLog(error, true, "Failed to write to Boom's Log.\n");
} catch (Exception e1){
log.info("Major Malfunction #686 : Tell Maker immediatly.");
}
}
}
You're not closing the writer, which means all the data is just staying in the buffer.
You should close it in a finally block.
Additionally:
your use of the append parameter is distinctly dodgy - you should almost certainly be passing it to the constructor of the FileWriter (or FileOutputStream). I don't think append in Writer does what you think it does.
Try to avoid comparing with true - just if (append) would have been clearer
Using the conditional operator could make your FileWriter code cleaner, especially if you used it just for the file:
File file = config == null ? er : config;
Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
I would avoid using FileWriter in the first place, as it always uses the platform default encoding. Use a FileOutputStream wrapped in an OutputStreamWriter instead, specifying the encoding explicitly (e.g. UTF-8)
Avoid catching Exception in most places; here it would be cleaner to just catch IOException.
It looks like your loadErrorLog method should probably be doing that logging on failure, otherwise I suspect you'll be writing that block of code every time you call it.
Do you really want to continue if you fail to write the config? Is it definitely this method which should handle the exception? I'd potentially remove the catch block entirely (leaving just a try/finally) and let the IOException bubble up the stack
I'm having a problem writing to a file:
FileInputStream fin;
try
{
fin = new FileInputStream ("c:/text.txt");
PrintStream p = new PrintStream(fin);
p.println ("test");
fin.close();
}
catch (IOException ioe)
{
System.err.println (ioe.getMessage);
}
Is there a problem with this code?
You need to use a FileOutputStream.
Get used to the following structure. You'll use it a lot in Java.
PrintStream out = null;
try {
out = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("c:/text.txt"));
out.println ("test");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println (e.getMessage);
} finally {
if (out != null) {
try { out.close(): } catch (Exception e) { }
}
out = null; // safe but not strictly necessary unless you reuse fin in the same scope
}
At least until ARM blocks hopefully eventuate in Java 7.
As noted, you should close the PrintStream and not the FileOutputStream so the above is a better form to use.
Problems with that code that immediately strike me:
Non-standard formatting.
Awkward variable names.
The exception handling is not good.
Failure to close the file in the case of exceptions. (Use acquire(); try { use(); } finally { release(); }.
Hidden use of default character encoding.
PrintStream swallows exceptions. BufferedOutputStream is better.
Failure to flush the decorator. It may still have data buffered. Although actually in this case you have left the PrintStream in auto-flush mode, which can be a performance issue.
Use / for a Windows path separator. You might be able to get away with it, but it's not good.
So:
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(
"c:\\text.txt"
);
try {
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
fileOut,
"UTF-8" // Or, say, Charset.defaultCharset()
));
out.write("test");
out.newLine()
out.flush();
} finally {
fileOut.close();
}
The class: FileInputStream is used to read input from a file. If you want to write to the file, you can use: FileOutputStream. If you want to make your life really easy, you can use a BufferedOutputStream as well.
As pointed out, you should close your streams in the finally block. The reason why you want to do that is say your program isn't really small, and it's a larger application. If you forget to close file streams, for example, the application will hold on to it and if you try to do something to it on the file system (read: at least in Windows) you won't be able to it. We've all seen the 'File cannot be deleted because it's still in use' error.
Here's an example of using the FileOutputStream + BufferedOutputStream: http://www.javadb.com/write-to-file-using-bufferedoutputstream.