I have some unit test built with Junit in a Java project.
The only issue is that I want to define the order/priority of the tests.
I mean... I'm using #BeforeAll to execute first test, which is the login process and to get the access for the postlogin functionalities.
But right after that, I want to run another specific test.
And then the rest...
I checked and there is an option to use #Order() annotation, but my idea is not to be ordering every test like this... I just wanna run first the login, and then a test that I need to run all the others. So after the first two test, the others doesn't matter in which order they are.
First, having unit tests depend on other unit tests is typically bad design. The JUnit 5 User Guide mentions this:
Although true unit tests typically should not rely on the order in which they are executed, there are times when it is necessary to enforce a specific test method execution order — for example, when writing integration tests or functional tests where the sequence of the tests is important, especially in conjunction with #TestInstance(Lifecycle.PER_CLASS).
Consider if what you're doing is testing or set-up. If the action of logging in is just set-up for your tests then you should do this in a method annotated with #BeforeAll or #BeforeEach, whichever makes more sense in your context. Afterwards, you may need to clean-up using #AfterAll or #AfterEach, depending on which "before annotation" you used.
If you're actually trying to test the login code then try to separate these tests from the others. You could do this by moving them into a separate class file or even leveraging #Nested classes (if appropriate). Instead of having your later tests require a real login you should use a fake login. In other words, mock the dependencies needed for the later tests. This will remove the inter-test dependency situation. And don't be afraid to re-"login" for each test (e.g. by using #BeforeEach); if you're using mocks this shouldn't be too expensive.
Note: As of JUnit 5.4 you might even be able to abort some tests if previous tests fail using a TestWatcher extension, as mentioned in this Q&A. However, using such an approach seems better suited for integration tests rather than unit tests.
That said, what you want should be possible. You mention #Order but then say you're hesitant to use it because you don't want to order every method, only make sure that two tests run before all the others. You don't have to add the annotation to every method. If you look at the documentation of MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation, you'll see:
MethodOrderer that sorts methods based on the #Order annotation.
Any methods that are assigned the same order value will be sorted arbitrarily adjacent to each other.
Any methods not annotated with #Order will be assigned a default order value of Integer.MAX_VALUE which will effectively cause them to appear at the end of the sorted list.
And from Order.value():
Elements are ordered based on priority where a lower value has greater priority than a higher value. For example, Integer.MAX_VALUE has the lowest priority.
This means you only need to annotate your two tests with #Order and leave the rest alone. All the test methods without the #Order annotation will run in any order, but after the first two tests.
#TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
class MyTests {
#Test
#Order(1)
void firstTest() {}
#Test
#Order(2)
void secondTest() {}
#Test
void testFoo() {}
#Test
void testBar() {}
// other tests...
}
Related
I have three test classes to test my controller, service and Kafka Messaging. When I run the Kafka messaging standalone, it works. But when I run all my test files together, the Kafka test class passes as long as it is the first one that gets executed otherwise it fails.
I would like to order the execution of test classes by making sure that Kafka test class always is the first one to execute.
How can I achieve that? With Test suites?? Is there any other way? My application is built using Micronaut, Java 8.
The order of tests run by JUnit is undefined.
You must write your tests such that they can run independently.
First,
Stop pretending that an integration test
(i.e. one that actually calls Kafka)
is a unit test.
If you are calling something outside the method being tested,
then you are running integration tests.
Possible solutions include:
Use mocks for the Kafka stuff and thus create an actual unit test.
To continue with Integration testing,
create one class with one method that is annotated as a #Test and have it call methods in your existing "test classes" in the desired order.
Try using #OrderWith annotation which helps in test execution order
#OrderWith(Alphanumeric.class)
public class TestMethodOrder {
.....
}
The above code will run the tests in the Alphanumeric order of method names.
We can also use #FixMethodOrder annotation to mention the order in which methods has to be sorted and executed. Currently, there is three options
MethodSorters.DEFAULT
MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING
MethodSorters.JVM
#FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class TestMethodOrder {
.....
}
References: https://github.com/junit-team/junit4/wiki/Test-execution-order
I'm using Spring Test with TestNG to test our DAOs, and I wanted to run a specific text fixture script before certain methods, allowing the modifications to be rolled back after every method so that the tests are free to do anything with the fixture data.
Initially I thought that 'groups' would be fit for it, but I already realized they're not intended for that (see this question: TestNG BeforeMethod with groups ).
Is there any way to configure a #BeforeMethod method to run only before specific #Tests? The only ways I see are workarounds:
Define an ordinary setup method and call at the beginning of every #Test method;
Move the #BeforeMethod method to a new class (top level or inner class), along with all methods that depend on it.
Neither is ideal, I'd like to keep my tests naturally grouped and clean, not split due to lack of alternatives.
You could add a parameter your #BeforeMethod with the type 'java.lang.reflect.Method'. TestNG will then inject the reflection information for the current test method including the method name, which you could use for switching.
If you add another 'Object' parameter, you will also get the invocation parameters of the test method.
You'all find all on possible parameters for TestNG-annotated methods in chapter 5.18.1 of the TestNG documentation.
Tests are simply not designed to do this. Technically speaking, a single tests is supposed to handle being idempotent for itself meaning it sets up, tests, and takes down. That is a single test. However, a lot of tests sometimes have the same set-up and take down method, whereas other tests need one set-up before they all run. This is the purpose of the #Before type tags.
If you don't like set-up and tear-down inside your test, your more then welcome to architect your own system, but technically speaking, if certain methods require specific set-ups or tear-downs, then that really should be embodied IN the test, since it is a requirement for test to pass. It is ok to call a set-up method, but ultimately, it should be OBVIOUS that a test needs a specific set-up in order to pass. After all, if your using specific set-ups, aren’t you actually testing states rather than code?
Why does a JUnit Suite class, in my cases its called TestSuite.class, not execute its own Test, Before, and After annotations? It only exectutes its own BeforeClass, AfterClass, and then ALL annotations of the suite test classes. I proved this is the case by creating a test project around this theory: https://gist.github.com/djangofan/5033350
Can anyone refer me to where this is explained? I need to really understand this.
Because a TestSuite is not a Test itself. Those annotation are for unit tests only. See here for an example.
public class FeatureTestSuite {
// the class remains empty <----- important for your question
}
A TestSuite is way of identifying a group of tests you wish apply some common behaviour to.
Perhaps better explained with an example.
So say you were doing some basic CRUD tests on an Orders Table in a Database MyDB.
Everyone needs mydb to be there and the orders table to exist, so you put them in a suite. It sets up the db and the table, the tests run, then before the suite goes out of scope the db is dropped, everything is nice and clean for the next test run. Otherwise you'd have to do that in every test which is expensive, or worse have test data from previous tests cause the others to fail often apparently randomly as you would have created an implicit dependancy between them.
There are other ways of achieving the same thing, but they clutter up your tests and you have to remember to call them.
You don't have to test it. If it doesn't get done none of your tests will execute.
As others have said, it's because a TestSuite is not a Test. It's just a class with an annotation to group other tests, so that it is more convenient to run.
It does have one special property, however, and that is the execution of #BeforeClass and #AfterClass. These are enabled to allow a global setup/teardown for the suite. It does not execute any tests (including #After, #Before or any rules).
I am using JUnit4.
I have a set of test methods in a test case.
Each test method inserts some records and verify a test result and finally delete the records inserted.
Since the JUnit run in parallel, test methods fail because of some
records present during the execution of previous test method. This
happen only in my colleague machine(Windows 7), not in my machine(Cent
OS 6).
What we need is that the test methods have to pass in all our machines.
I have tried clearing the records in the Setup() method but again it works only on my machine. Is there any option available in JUnit to make the test methods to run in a uniform sequential order ?
Thanks,
MethodSorters is a new class introduced after Junit 4.6 release. This class declared three types of execution order, which can be used in your test cases while executing them.
NAME_ASCENDING(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING) - Sorts the test methods
by the method name, in lexicographic order.
JVM(null) - Leaves the test methods in the order returned by the
JVM. Note that the order from the JVM my vary from run to run.
DEFAULT(MethodSorter.DEFAULT) - Sorts the test methods in a
deterministic, but not predictable, order.
.
import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
//Running test cases in order of method names in ascending order
#FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
public class OrderedTestCasesExecution {
#Test
public void secondTest() {
System.out.println("Executing second test");
}
#Test
public void firstTest() {
System.out.println("Executing first test");
}
#Test
public void thirdTest() {
System.out.println("Executing third test");
}
}
Output:
Executing first test
Executing second test
Executing third test
Reference: http://howtodoinjava.com/2012/11/24/ordered-testcases-execution-in-junit-4/
JUnit 4.11 now supports specifying execution order using #FixMethodOrder annotation.
Ordering of tests is not guaranteed in JUnit.
The reason for this is that unit tests are meant to be atomic - all of the setup should happen in the setup / tear down methods, but not by other tests.
Consider moving the code that inserts data into another helper class that can be called by both the test that's inserting and the class that needs to verify, and calling that class in your #Before methods.
You should also consider a mocking solution (eg Mockito) as opposed to hitting the database directly if you can - mocking will go a long way to ensuring that your tests are nice and isolated, and, as a nice side benefit, usually help point out where you could use some refactoring.
Because you're running the tests in parallel, and you're hitting the database, you're highly likely to have problems, because the database won't necessarily be in a coherent state for each test.
Solution: don't run your tests in parallel. JUnit doesn't run the tests in parallel by default, so either you're setting the option in maven or using one of the parallel runners in JUnit.
If you're still having problems between tests failing on Windows but not on Cent OS, then it's maybe a problem with run order, which you'll need to fix. See my answer to Has JUnit4 begun supporting ordering of test? Is it intentional?.
The way around this (at least in JUnit terms) is to remove the dependencies between tests. Basically, JUnit doesn't support ordering and the tests should be able to be run in any order.
If you really need to have dependencies between tests, use TestNG, where you can have dependencies.
There is no problem running tests in parallel even if you have your data layer in it. But you need to have additional work to create MOCK UPs for your data so not it will not hit the database. You can use different mockup frameworks like Mockito, EasyMock and Arquillian.
I have a test class in java and there are several methods annotated by #Test in it, somehow, i want to Junit run method A before method B when i run the whole tests. Is it possible or necessary?
This sort of dependency on test methods is bad design and should be avoided. If there is initialization code in one test method that needs to be done for the next, it should be factored out into a setUp method.
The problem I have with this is reporting. If you WANT/NEED to see if each test method fails or passes then you're SCREWED.
I understand that you don't want one test to build upon previous tests, But regardless of that, there may be situations that you need it to do this (or you'll increase the complexity of the test by an order of magnitude).
Should the flow of tests in the code be up to the developer of the tests or the developer of the framework ?
Show JUnit test code to 10 java developers, and I'll be willing to bet most will assume that the tests (regardless of anything external) will be run in the order they appear in the test class.
Shouldn't THAT be the default behaviour of JUnit ? (Give me the option of telling it the order instead of JUnit figuring it out" on its own.)
Update: 2014-11-18
The newer version of JUnit supports method sorters
// This saves the tests in alphabetical order
#FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
I would think that you might be able to create your own method sorter if you "really" wanted do do your own specific order.
Tests should have independent order, but some times we have not what we want.
If you have a large legacy project with thousands of tests, and they depends on their execution order, you will have many problems, when, for example you will try to migrate on java 7, because it will shuffle all tests.
You can read more about this problem here:
junit test ordering and java 7
If it's only two methods then you'd need to wrap it in a single unit test that truly isn't order-dependent.
#Test
public void testInOrder() throws Exception {
testA();
testB();
}
use the following to setup thing before and after tests
#Before
public void setUp() throws MWException {
}
#After
public void tearDown() {
}