Develop Reference

Appium is able to see beyond what is displayed on screen

Appium is able to see and find elements that is not displayed on screen
I am trying to build a test automation project, I would like my driver to scroll down
and then perform some operation. but for some reason appium is able to find element even without scrolling down . I am not sure how appium is able to identify element that is not on screen and is only visible to naked eye when you scroll down. Anyone with similar issue found a workaround ?
I am using ExpectedCondition.visibilityOF(element) to determine if element is vsible on screen
public boolean verifyCoverage(String coverage, String value, String type) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int counter = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
AndroidElement element = (AndroidElement) driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("UiSelector().textContains(\"" + coverage + "\")");
//WebElement coverageOption= driver.findElementByXPath("//android.widget.Button[contains(text(),'"+coverage+"')]");
if (AndroidUtilities.waitForVisibility(driver, element)) {
return true;
}
else {
System.out.println ("Cannot see");
return false;
}
}
public static boolean waitForVisibility(AndroidDriver<WebElement> driver, AndroidElement AndroidElement){
try{
// driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("UiSelector().resourceId(\""+targetResourceId+"\")");
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 60);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(AndroidElement));
boolean isElementPresent = AndroidElement.isDisplayed();
return isElementPresent;
}catch(Exception e){
boolean isElementPresent = false;
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return isElementPresent;
}
}

As an answer i would recommend you to use visibilityOfElementLocated instean of visibilityOf.
Plus, if you want to check an element for the existence without getting exceptions, try to take that approach:
if (!((AndroidDriver)driver).findElementsByAndroidUIAutomator("UiSelector().textContains(\"" + coverage + "\")").isEmpty()) {
//some logic when element is located
} else {
//scroll to the particular element
}

You can try these two solution within the page it will able to scroll to the element and do your actions .
MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0)).scrollIntoView(new UiSelector().textContains(\""+element+"\").instance(0))"));
MobileBy.AndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true).instance(0)).scrollIntoView(new UiSelector().textMatches(\"" + NumbersCount + "\").instance(0))"));

Handling alerts using if/else in Java

How to handle the alerts using if/else commands? If alerts comes up do accept/dismiss, if not proceed further. I was trying with below code but an error at (r==true) says incompatible type.
bool r = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(text(),'javax.baja.sys.ActionInvokeException')]"));
if (r = true) {
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
} else {
Actions click2 = new Actions(driver);
WebElement dclick2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//span[text()='Bluemix_As_Device']"));
click2.moveToElement(dclick2).doubleClick().build().perform();
}

The incompatible type is for the reason that
driver.findElement
would return a WebElement type and not a boolean(that's java). You might want to change the code to:
try {
WebElement r = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(text(),'javax.baja.sys.ActionInvokeException')]"));
driver.switchTo().alert().accept(); // this would be executed only if above element is found
} catch (NoSuchElementException ex) {
// since the element was not found, I 'm still doing some stuff
Actions click2 = new Actions(driver);
WebElement dclick2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//span[text()='Bluemix_As_Device']"));
click2.moveToElement(dclick2).doubleClick().build().perform();
}

As r is of boolean type so there is no need to write if(r == true) or if(r == false) you can directly write if(r) and java will understand the code.

driver.findElements will check the existence of the object and will return 1 if exist else zero.
So in your case though the alert exist or not, it will handle and based on size it will execute next step. Hope this helps in your case.
int r= driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[contains(text(),'javax.baja.sys.ActionInvokeException')]")).size();
if(r!=0){
driver.switchTo().alert().accept();
} else {
Actions click2 = new Actions(driver);
WebElement dclick2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//span[text()='Bluemix_As_Device']"));
click2.moveToElement(dclick2).doubleClick().build().perform();
}

How do I refresh a stale Selenium element if I don't have the original XPath

Is there a way (If using Java) to refresh an existing element that has become stale. Something like, I have an Angular app that removes and re-adds an element. Sometimes this hits a race condition and gives me a stale state. I would like to avoid a sleep to slow things down, however, I am fine with something that tries every 500 ms or something. I see foundBy but when I try something like
driver.findElement(By.xpath(element.foundBy))
But this doesn't work. How do I refresh if I am not sure what xPath was initially used?

In case of page refresh or any change in DOM that includes your WebElement will lead to such exception. Selenium doesn't support WebElement refresh (sadly enough) so you have to locate your element again by hand, which may be pita in some cases. I use
public WebElement refreshElement(WebElement element){
String sElement = element.toString().split("-> ")[1];
String locatorType = sElement.split(": ")[0];
if (locatorType.matches("css selector")) locatorType = "css";
String loc0 = sElement.split(": ")[1];
String theLocator = loc0.substring(0,loc0.length()-1);
System.out.println("Refreshing element with "+locatorType+": "+theLocator);
return locator.getElement(theLocator,locatorType);
}
and seems to work fine since a WebElement.toString() will produce something like
[[ChromeDriver: chrome on LINUX (****************************)] -> locatortype: locator]
The getElement method goes like
public WebElement getElement(String locator, String type) {
if (type.equals("id")) {
return this.driver.findElement(By.id(locator));
}
else if (type.equals("name")) {
return this.driver.findElement(By.name(locator));
}
etc...
}

I could get over StaleElementReferenceException by extracting the locator value and refreshing the element.
/*
* Example Element Info: [[ChromeDriver: chrome on MAC (7066c356a66e3d36c02336042e9ae3bd)] -> tag name: input]
* Get locator value from Element and find again to get over StaleElementReferenceException
*/
public WebElement refreshWebElement(WebDriver webDriver, WebElement webEl) {
String elementInfo = webEl.toString();
elementInfo = elementInfo.substring(elementInfo.indexOf("->"));
String elementLocator = elementInfo.substring(elementInfo.indexOf(": "));
elementLocator = elementLocator.substring(2, elementLocator.length() - 1);
System.out.println(elementInfo);
WebElement retWebEl = null;
if (elementInfo.contains("-> link text:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.linkText(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> name:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.name(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> id:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.id(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> xpath:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.xpath(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> class name:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.className(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> css selector:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.cssSelector(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> partial link text:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(elementLocator));
} else if (elementInfo.contains("-> tag name:")) {
retWebEl = webDriver.findElement(By.tagName(elementLocator));
} else {
System.out.println("No valid locator found. Couldn't refresh element");
}
return retWebEl;
}

try something like below:
WebElement yourElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath here"));
FluentWait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver)
.withTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.pollingEvery(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.not(ExpectedConditions.stalenessOf(yourElement )));

How to check if all element are displayed on web page?

I have to check if all web elements are presented at web page. If not presented write to log which exactly element is missed.
To write easy test for is not so difficult:
public boolean allUIElementsExist() {
boolean allPresent = true;
if (!this.tipFrequency.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no tip `should be the same as how often you get paid`");
}
if (!this.tipAmount.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no tip 'Borrow equal to the amount of your purchase'");
}
if (!this.payBack.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'Pay it back in'");
}
if (!this.useTool.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'Use our easy finance tool to quickly explore payment options'");
}
if (!this.biWeekly.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'biWeekly'");
}
if (!this.semiMonthly.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'semi-monthly (twice a month)'");
}
if (!this.month.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'monthly'");
}
if (!this.withPayments.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'With payments of:'");
}
if (!this.includingLPP.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'including LPP'");
}
if (!this.startNewApplication.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'Start new application'");
}
if (!this.easyfinancialLink.visibilityOfElementWait()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("no 'easyfinancialLink'");
}
return allPresent;
}
It works. But to go through all if statements doesn't look the best solution.
How to recreate this code to much better approach?

Make the elements a list, iterate through them, and evaluate each one the same way.
Find a way to use webelement methods to add information about the element into the log message, instead of writing each one by hand. This way, you don't have to write a lot of log messages & they always have the right information about the element (less room for writing errors).
Example: For each element in a list of WebElements named ElementsList, check if element is displayed. If not, write a log fail message with the name of the tag and the text it contained. (If the element has no text, it will just not add any text to the string.)
for(WebElement element : ElementsList) {
if (!this.element.isDisplayed()) {
allPresent = false;
Logger.logFail("WebElement not displayed: " + element.getTagName() + " Text: " + element.getText());
}

how to click a result from google search that is not on first page with selenium java

I am trying to navigate through search results from google with selenium webdriver. I have a interface for user to inset word to search and site title to choose. If the result is not on the first page the driver should go to next page to look for the site, and if not there than to next page and so on..
Somehow I don't manage to get beyond the second page end if I did get to the second page and the right site is there, the driver doesn't click on it.
Here is some of the code in Java:
private void setLoopNum(int l){
String getText = urlText.getText();
String getSiteName = linkToChoose.getText();
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\selenium-2.44.0\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize(); //Maximize window
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
for(int i=0;i<l;i++){
//WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://google.com");
//driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
element1.sendKeys(getText);
element1.submit();
//driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30,TimeUnit.SECONDS); //wait for page to load
//try{
boolean flag = false;
String page_number = "1";
while(! flag){
//get all the search results
List<WebElement> linkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//h3[#class='r']/a"));
for(WebElement eachResult: linkElements){
if(eachResult.getAttribute(getSiteName).equals(getSiteName)){
eachResult.findElement(By.xpath("//a[#href='" + getSiteName + "']")).click();;
flag =true;
}else{
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[#id='pnnext']/span")).click();
linkElements.clear(); //celean list
break;
} //end else
}
}//end while loop
//}catch(Exception e){
// System.out.println("Error!");
// }
}
driver.quit(); //clear memory
}

Three things that you are missing in your code:
Firstly, in your code you are looking for only first element in your list.
Secondly, in getAttribute you are passing link instead of href:
if(eachResult.getAttribute(getSiteName).equals(getSiteName)){
it should be:
if(eachResult.getAttribute("href").equals(getSiteName)){
Thirdly, on clicking next the page is loaded via Google Ajax Api. Thus webdriver click will never block the execution of your code and will load linkElements with previous page links only. To avoid this let the driver get refreshed or put some wait for certain condition in your code.
Can u try out with this code:
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
while (!flag) {
// get all the search results
linkElements = wait
.until(ExpectedConditions
.presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy(By
.xpath("//h3[#class='r']/a")));
for (WebElement eachResult : linkElements) {
if (eachResult.getAttribute("href").contains(getSiteName)) {
eachResult.click();
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if (!flag) {
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[#id='pnnext']/span[1]"))
.click();
pageNumber++;
linkElements.clear(); // celean list
wait.until(ExpectedConditions
.textToBePresentInElementLocated(
By.xpath("//td[#class='cur']"), pageNumber
+ "")); // Checking whether page number is changed as expected.
}
}// end while loop
EDIT:
List<WebElement> linkElements = new ArrayList<WebElement>();
ListIterator<WebElement> itr = null;
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"webdrivers/chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize(); // Maximize window
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("http://google.com");
WebElement element1 = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
WebElement toClick = null;
element1.sendKeys(getText);
element1.submit();
// try{
int pageNumber = 1;
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
boolean flag = false;
while (!flag) {
linkElements = wait.until(ExpectedConditions
.presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy(By
.xpath("//h3[#class='r']/a")));
itr = linkElements.listIterator(); // re-initializing iterator
while (itr.hasNext()) {
toClick = itr.next();
if (toClick.getAttribute("href").contains(getSiteName)) {
toClick.click();
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if (!flag) {
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[#id='pnnext']/span[1]"))
.click();
pageNumber++;
linkElements.clear(); // clean list
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(
By.xpath("//td[#class='cur']"), pageNumber + ""));
}
}
driver.quit(); // clear memory
}

It looks like you're moving to the next page every time ANY of the WebElements in linkElements isn't what you're looking for. This will cause problems, as you need to relocate any elements that are re-rendered.
Give this a shot:
boolean found = false;
int page_number = 1; //If you need this as a string, you can make it one later
while(! found){
//get all the search results
List<WebElement> linkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//h3[#class='r']/a"));
for(WebElement result: linkElements){
if(result.getAttribute("href").equals(getSiteName))
{
result.click();
found=true;
break;
}
}//End of foreach-loop
if(!found){
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[#id='pnnext']/span")).click();
page_number++;
}
}//End of while-loop
Also, you'll want to have some element-finding protection. Say that you search for something that has 0 results, or only one page of them (rare though that is). In the first case, you're lucky, because driver.findElements() should just return an empty list rather than throwing some exception, and the foreach loop just won't run, but in both cases, there won't be the anchor #pnnext, which will cause driver.findElement to throw an exception when you search for it. There are several ways to protect against this, such as writing a small wrapper function (IIRC, they have a simple implementation for findelementwithtimeoutwait() written on the Selenium website somewhere). I suggest you pick/write one and start using it, instead of the raw Selenium functions.